Question

Just as the world’s most respected scientific bodies have confirmed that the world is getting hotter, they have also stated that there is strong evidence that humans are driving the warming. Countless recent reports from the world’s leading scientific bodies have said the same thing. For example, a 2010 summary of climate science by the Royal Society stated that: “There is strong evidence that the warming of the Earth over the last half-century has been caused largely by human activity.”

The idea that humans could change the planet’s climate may be counter-intuitive (与直觉不符的), but the basic science is well understood. Each year, human activity causes billions of tons of greenhouse gases to be released (释放) into the atmosphere. As scientists have known for years, these gases hold heat that would otherwise escape to space, wrapping the planet in an invisible blanket.

Of course, the planet’s climate has always been changing thanks to “natural” factors such as changes in solar or volcanic activity, or cycles relating the Earth’s going around the sun. According to the scientific literature, however, the warming recorded to date matches the pattern of warming we would expect from a build-up of greenhouse gas in the atmosphere – not the warming we would expect from other possible causes.

Even if scientists did discover another reasonable explanation for the warming observed so far, that would beg a difficult question. As Robert Henson puts it in The Rough Guide to Climate Change: “If some newly discovered factor can account for the climate change, then why can’t carbon dioxide and the other greenhouse gases?

The only way to prove with 100% certainty that humans are responsible for global warming would be to run an experiment with two identical Earths – one with human influence and one without. That obviously isn’t possible, and so most scientists are careful not to state human influence as an absolute certainty．

1.In most scientists’ opinion, the global warming is mainly caused by    ____  ．

A. solar activity

B. volcanic activity

C. the Earth’s going around the sun

D. human activity

2.The text is developed by     ____ ．

A. giving typical examples

B. following the order of space

C. analyzing a theory and arguing it

D. comparing and finding differences

3.The underline word “identical” means    ____  ．

A. totally different                   B. exactly the same

C. extremely important                 D. relatively independent

Answer

1.D

2.C

3.B

【解析】

试题分析：文章提到导致全球变暖的主要原因是人类活动，然后对这一观点进行阐述和争论。

1.D细节推理题。根据第一段 “There is strong evidence that the warming of the Earth over the last half-century has been caused largely by human activity.”可知导致全球变暖的主要原因是人类活动。故选D.

2.C推理判断题。第一段提出观点There is strong evidence that the warming of the Earth over the last half-century has been caused largely by human activity.”第二段讲人类活动的影响来支持上面观点；下面又提出“natural” factors对上面观点进行争论。根据文章结构选C.

3.B猜测词义题。句意：唯一能100%证明人类在全球变暖负全责的方式就是做一个实验，再两个同样的地球-其中一个有人类影响，另一个则没有。“identical”指完全相同的事物，故选B.

考点：考查社会环保类短文阅读。

【名师点睛】

科普类阅读主要考查考生对书面语篇的整体领悟能力和接受及处理具体信息的能力。试题的取材，密切联系当前我国和世界经济、科技等方面的变化，有关数据的来源真实可信。

科普类文章阅读技巧：

一、这类文章的总体特点是：科技词汇多，句子结构复杂，理论性强，逻辑严谨。具体说来它有以下特点：

1、文章中词汇的意义比较单一、稳定、简明，不带感情色彩，具有单一性和准确性的特点。

2、句子结构较复杂，语法分析较困难。为了描述一个客观事物，严密地表达自己的思想，作者经常会使用集多种语法现象于一体的长句。

3、常使用被动语态，尤其是一些惯用被动句式。

二、命题特点：科普类阅读的主要命题形式有事实细节题、词义猜测题、推理判断题以及主旨概括题等，其中推理判断题居多。

【命题趋势】阅读理解题主要考查考生对书面语篇的整体领悟能力和接受及处理具体信息的能力。试题的取材，密切联系当前我国和世界经济、科技等方面的变化，有关数据的来源真实可信。因此科普知识类文章是每年的必考题。分析历年的科普类文章我们不难发现以下特点：

1、文章逻辑性强，条理清楚，语法结构简单，用语通俗。

2、文章内容注重科技领域的新发现。内容新颖，从而使文章显得陌生，内容抽象复杂。

3、命题方面注意对具体细节的准确理解和以之为依据的推理判断。

4、以人们的日常行为或饮食健康入手，探讨利弊，诠释过程，阐述概念。

三、应对策略：

1、要注意平时多读科普知识类文章，学习科普知识，积累常见的科普词汇，提高科普英语的阅读能力。

2、要熟悉科普类文章的结构特点。科普类文章一般由标题(Head line)，导语(Introduction)，背景(Back ground)，主体(Main body)和结尾(End)五部分构成。标题是文章中心思想高度而又精辟的概括，导语一般位于整篇文章的首段。背景交待一个事实的起因。主体则对导语概括的事实进行详细叙述，这一部分命题往往最多，因此，阅读时要把这部分作为重点。结尾往往也是中心思想的概括，并与导语相呼应，命题者常在此要设计推理判断题。

3、在进行推理判断时，一定要以阅读材料所提供的科学事实为依据，同时所得出的结论还应符合基本的科普常识。