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As children grow, so does their desire to become independent. 1. . As parents, our job is to find the right balance between kids’ desire for independence and the need to keep kids safe.
Kids need to be allowed, in fact encouraged; they like to be given certain risks. 2. . The right risk level for your child will depend on their age, developmental level, and character. It will change over time, and there are few hard and fast rules that apply to every child.
3. Every time you put your kids in the car you are putting them at risk. It is a fact of life.
So what is a parent to do ? We must encourage them to explore their world while setting clear limits where safety is an issue. 4. . We must let them run, but be prepared to catch them when they fall. We can’t take their steps for them; we can only point out the path.
It’s hard to imagine when they are small, but someday very soon they will be walking , riding a bike, even driving ! 5. .
A. Children do not often want to become independent.
B. It is impossible for any of us to live completely risk-free.
C. The goal for parents is to determine how much risk is appropriate.
D. Often they will become more willing to take risks and try new things.
E. Sometimes it is really tough for parents to encourage their children to be independent.
F. Someday they must face the world without us, and part of our job is to prepare them for that.
G. If we are overprotective, they are likely to grow up ill-prepared to meet and overcome the challenges they must inevitably(不可避免地) face.
Just as the world’s most respected scientific bodies have confirmed that the world is getting hotter, they have also stated that there is strong evidence that humans are driving the warming. Countless recent reports from the world’s leading scientific bodies have said the same thing. For example, a 2010 summary of climate science by the Royal Society stated that: “There is strong evidence that the warming of the Earth over the last half-century has been caused largely by human activity.”
The idea that humans could change the planet’s climate may be counter-intuitive (与直觉不符的), but the basic science is well understood. Each year, human activity causes billions of tons of greenhouse gases to be released (释放) into the atmosphere. As scientists have known for years, these gases hold heat that would otherwise escape to space, wrapping the planet in an invisible blanket.
Of course, the planet’s climate has always been changing thanks to “natural” factors such as changes in solar or volcanic activity, or cycles relating the Earth’s going around the sun. According to the scientific literature, however, the warming recorded to date matches the pattern of warming we would expect from a build-up of greenhouse gas in the atmosphere – not the warming we would expect from other possible causes.
Even if scientists did discover another reasonable explanation for the warming observed so far, that would beg a difficult question. As Robert Henson puts it in The Rough Guide to Climate Change: “If some newly discovered factor can account for the climate change, then why can’t carbon dioxide and the other greenhouse gases?
The only way to prove with 100% certainty that humans are responsible for global warming would be to run an experiment with two identical Earths – one with human influence and one without. That obviously isn’t possible, and so most scientists are careful not to state human influence as an absolute certainty．
1.In most scientists’ opinion, the global warming is mainly caused by ____ ．
A. solar activity
B. volcanic activity
C. the Earth’s going around the sun
D. human activity
2.The text is developed by ____ ．
A. giving typical examples
B. following the order of space
C. analyzing a theory and arguing it
D. comparing and finding differences
3.The underline word “identical” means ____ ．
A. totally different B. exactly the same
C. extremely important D. relatively independent
Children who are spanked (挨打) have lower IQs worldwide, including in the United States. All parents want smart children. Avoiding spanking and correcting misbehavior in other ways can help that happen.
A new research by Professor Murray Straus found that children in the United States who were spanked had lower IQs four years later than those who weren’t spanked. Straus and Mallie Paschall, a senior research scientist, studied nationally examples of 806 children aged 2 to 4, and 704 aged 5 to 9. Both groups were retested four years later.
The IQs of children IQs aged 2 to 4 who weren’t spanked were 5 points higher four year later than the IQs of those who were spanked. The IQs of children aged 5 to 9 who weren’t spanked were 2.8 points higher four years later than the IQs of children at the same age who were spanked. How often parents spanked made a difference. The more spanking, the slower the development of children’s mental ability. But even small amounts of spanking made a difference.
Straus also found a lower national average IQ in nations in which spanking was more popular. His analysis shows the strongest link between physical punishment and IQ is for those whose parents continue to use physical punishment even when they are teenagers.
Straus also found a lower national average IQ in nations in which spanking was more popular. His analysis shows the strongest link between physical punishment and IQ is for those whose parents continue to use physical punishment even when they are teenagers.
Straus and colleagues in 32 nations used data on physical punishment experienced by 17,404 university students when they were children. According to Straus, there’re two explanations for the relation of physical punishment to lower IQ.
First, physical punishment is extremely stressful and can become a long-lasting stressor for young children, who typically experience punishment three or more times a week. For many it continues for years. The stress of physical punishment often leads to being fearful that terrible things are about to happen and being easily shocked. They’re associated with lower IQ. Second, a higher national level of economic development leads to both fewer parents using physical punishment and a higher national IQ.
The good news is that the use of physical punishment has been decreasing worldwide, which may signal future gains in IQ across the globe. The United Nations has called on all member nations to forbid physical punishment by parents. Nevertheless, there’s evidence that attitude favoring physical punishment and actual use of physical punishment have been declining even in nations which haven’t forbidden physical punishment.
1. From the passage we can know that physical punishment will make______.
A. no scientist
B. a well-behaved child
C. a bad parent-child relationship
D. a child feel nervous continuously
2.It can be concluded from Paragraph 3 and Paragraph 4 that______.
A. long-term spanking will cause children’s mental disorder.
B. low national average IQ limits the mental development of children
C. young children have more chances to suffer from physical punishment.
D. high frequency of spanking results in slow development of children’s intelligence
3. According to Straus’s research, children’s being spanked is probably related to parents’______.
A. low income
B. little education
C. long-lasting pressure
D. passive personalities
4. It can be inferred from the last paragraph that______.
A. the improvement of global average IQ is out of the question
B. physical punishment becomes less popular in the world
C. most countries have realized the negative consequence of punishing in its member nations.
D. the UN has succeeded in banning physical punishment in its member nations
Most shoplifters (商店扒手)agree that the January sales offer wonderful opportunities for the hard-working thief. With the shops so crowded and the staff so busy, it does not require any extraordinary talent to help you to take one or two little things and escape unnoticed. It is known, in the business, as "hoisting".
But the hoisting game is not what it used to be. Even at the height of the sales, shoplifters today never know if they are being watched by one of those evil little balls（摄像头）that hang from the ceilings of so many department stores above the most desirable goods.
As if that was not trouble enough for them, they can now be filmed at work and forced to attend a showing of their performance in court.
Selfridges was the first big London store to install videotape equipment to watch its sales floors. In October last year the store won its first court case for shoplifting using an evidence a videotape clearly showing a couple stealing dresses. It was an important test case which encouraged other stores to install similar equipment.
When the balls first make an appearance in shops, it was widely believed that their only function was to frighten shoplifters. Their somewhat ridiculous appearances, the curious holes and red lights going on and off, certainly make the theory believable.
It did not take long, however, for serious shoplifters to start showing suitable respect. Soon after the equipment was in operation at Selfridges, store detective Brian Chadwick was sitting in the control room watching a woman secretly putting bottles of perfume（香水）into her bag.
"As she turned to go," Chadwick recalled, "she suddenly looked up at the 'balls' and stopped. She could not possibly have seen that the camera was trained on her because it is completely hidden, but she must have had a feeling that I was looking at her."
"For a moment she paused, but then she returned to counter and started putting everything back. When she had finished, she opened her bag towards the camera to show it was empty and hurried out of the store."
1. January is a good month for shoplifters because ________.
A they don't need to wait for staff to serve them
B they don't need any previous experience as thieves
C there are so many people in the store
D January sales offer wonderful opportunities for them
2.The case last October was important because ________ .
A. the store got the dresses back
B .the equipment was able to frighten shoplifters
C. other shops found out about the equipment
D. the kind of evidence supplied was accepted by court
3.The woman stealing perfume ________.
A. guessed that the detective had seen her
B. was frightened by its shape
C. could see the camera filming
D. knew that the balls were for her
4. The woman's action before leaving the store shows that she ________.
A. was sorry for what she had done
B. was afraid she would be arrested
C. decided she didn't want what she had picked up
D. wanted to prove she had not intended to steal anything
Right in the heart of America — in Smith Center, Kansas, to be exact — high school football coach Roger Barta glanced at his notes as he stood among the sea of players gathered before him.
It was 6:30 a.m. on August 18, 2008, the first day of practice for this edition of the Redmen and the 31st opening day of the season for Barta, longtime coach and former math teacher at Smith Center High School. Barta wore a red T-shirt covering a ball-shaped belly(腹部).
Barta began with basic instructions: Drink lots of water. Fine advice. But what Coach Barta laid out next was the essential game plan — life lessons that many people consider his greatest strength. “Someone here is the best, and someone is the worst,” he said. “It’s time to forget about that. Let’s respect each other. Thus, we’ll like each other and then love each other. That’s when, together, we’ll become champions.”
He paused for a moment. When he continued, he spoke with even more fervor (热诚) to the 56 young men sitting before him. “One more thing, guys. We don’t talk about winning and losing. We talk about getting a little better every day, about being the best we can be, about being a team. And when we do that, winning and losing take care of themselves.”
Over the next four months, the Redman went on to beat each competitor, winning another perfect season. As their coach, Barta has created a 289-58 record, eight Kansas state championships, and 67 victories. In high school football, it’s the longest win in the nation. Through it all, Coach Barta kept his word: Not once did he ever say that a game was do-or-die.
“None of this is really about football,” he had explained to me back in 2007, convincingly (令人信服地)enough to force me to move to Smith Center from New York City with my wife, Mary, and three-year-old son, Jack, so I could write about him for a year. “What I hope we’re doing is sending kids into life who know that every day means something.”
1. According to the passage, we learn that Barta______.
A. was once a teacher
B. is a basketball coach
C. works in the university
D. has been a coach for 40 years
2.In the third paragraph, Barta stressed the importance of______.
A. health B. competition
C. combination D. success
3.In Barta’s opinion, which is important for a player?
A. Winning the game.
B. Learning from failure.
C. Trying his or her best.
D. Caring about the result.
4.The fifth paragraph mainly talks about______.
A. Barta’s motto
B. Barta’s training methods
C. Barta’s attitude towards life
D. Barta and the Redmen’s achievements
完形填空
Throughout history man has had to accept the fact that all living things must die. But people now live longer than they_________. Yet, all living things still show the__________of aging, which will eventually___________death.
Aging is not a disease, but as a person passes maturity (成熟期), the cells of the body and the__________they form do not function as well as they____________in childhood and teenage years. The body provides less__________against disease and is more_________to have an accident.
A number of related causes may___________to aging. Some cells of the body have a fairly long life, but they are not____________when they die. As a person ages, ________ of brain cells and muscle cells decreases. ________ body cells die and are replaced by new cells. In an aging person the________ cells may not be as workable or as capable ________ growth as those of a young person.
Another ________ in aging may be changes within the cells________ . Some of the protein(蛋白质) chemicals in cells are known ________ with age and become less elastic (有弹性). This is why the skin of old people wrinkles（起皱纹）and ________ . This is also the reason why old people ________ in height. There may be other more important chemical changes in the cells. Some complex cell chemicals, such as DNA and RNA, store and ________ information that the cells need. Aging may affect this ________ and change the information carrying molecules(分子) so that they do not transmit the information as well.
1.A. would B. be used to C. used to D. used
2.A. function B. effect C. affect D. sign
3.A. lead in B. give in C. run into D. result in
4.A. hands B. feet C. heart D. organs
5.A. do B. has done C. did D. had done
6.A. energy B. protection C. prevention D. power
7.A. likely B. probable C. possible D. alike
8.A. attend B. lead C. add D. devote
9.A. replaced B. rebuilt C. recovered D. rearranged
10.A. a number B. the amount C. the number D. a great deal
11.A. The others B. Others C. Another D. Other
12.A. old B. left C. new D. other
13.A. to B. for C. of D. in
14.A. factor B. effect C. reason D. element
15.A. for themselves B. of themselves C. themselves D. on their own
16.A. change B. to have changed C. to change D. to be changed
17.A. becomes loose B. is become loosely C. became loosely D. is becoming loose
18.A. increase B. shrink C. lengthen D. decrease
19.A. pass away B. pass by C. pass off D. pass on
20.A. improvement B. possess C. approach D. process
