Question

Two new studies suggest that modern running shoes could increase the risk of injuries to runners．

One study involved sixty-eight healthy young women and men who ran at least twenty-four kilometers a week．The runners were observed on a treadmill machine（跑步机）．Sometimes they wore running shoes．Other times they ran barefoot．

Researchers found that running shoes create more stress that could damage knees，hips and ankle joints than running barefoot．They observed that the effect was even greater than the effect reported earlier for walking in high heels．

The other study compared runners in the United States and Kenya．The researchers divided the runners into three groups．One group had always run shoeless．Another group had always run with shoes．And the third group had changed to shoeless running．

Runners who wear shoes usually come down heel first．That puts great force on the back of the foot．But the study found that barefoot runners generally land on the front or middle of their foot．That way they ease into their landing and avoid striking their heels．

Daniel Lieberman says the way most running shoes are designed may explain why those who wear them land on their heels．The heel of the shoe is bigger and heavier than other parts of the shoe，so it would seem more likely to come down first．Also，the heel generally has thick material under it to soften landings．

But the researchers do not suggest that runners immediately start running barefoot．They say it takes some training．And there can be risks，like running when your feet are too cold to feel if you get injured．

1.What’s the main idea of the passage?

A. Running in shoes is partly good to runners.

B. Two new discoveries encourage people to run in high heels.

C. Walking in high heels could cause less serious effects than running barefoot.

D. Two new studies prove running without shoes is beneficial to runners in most cases.

2. From the fifth paragraph we can infer that__________.

A. running barefoot is faster than running in shoes.

B. the landing point is very important in running.

C. running shoeless can give people a real exercise.

D. different running ways cause different injuries.

3.Why do people who run in shoes land on their heels?

A. Because the shoes put great force on the back of the foot.

B. Because the design of running shoes is unreasonable.

C. Because people who often run get used to landing on their heels.

D. Because the running people want to run faster.

4.What’s the writer’s attitude towards the use of the modern running shoes?

A. Positive.       B. Persuasive.

C. Objective.     D. Supportive.

Answer

1.D

2.B

3.B

4.C

【解析】

试题分析：文章主要阐述了两项研究的结果。两项新的研究显示，穿跑鞋对运动员的伤害会很大，而赤脚跑步能够减轻对膝盖、脚踝等的伤害。

1. new studies suggest that modern running shoes could increase the risk of injuries to runners.”第四段“They found that running shoes create more stress that could damage knees, hips and ankle joints than running barefoot.”和第八段“But the study found that barefoot runners generally land on the front or middle of their foot. That way they ease into their landing and avoid striking their heel.”可知，这两项研究都表明，赤脚跑步对运动员更有益处，故选D。

2.细节理解题。根据文中Also，the heel generally has thick material under it to soften landings，可知落地点也是很重要的，故选B。

3.细节理解题。根据文章倒数第二第三段分析可知，导致这样的原因是因为鞋子的设计不是太合理，故选B。

4.推理判断题。Two new studies suggest that modern running shoes could increase the risk of injuries to runners.They found that running shoes create more stress that could damage knees, hips and ankle joints than running barefoot. ...Runners who wear shoes usually come down heel first. That puts great force on the back of the foot.”可知，两项研究都显示，跑鞋对运动员的伤害很大，作者反对穿跑鞋进行跑步，较为客观的态度。故选C。

考点：科教类文章阅读。