The African elephant, the largest land animal remaining on earth, is of great importance to African ecosystem（生态系统）. Unlike other animals, the African elephant is to a great extent the builder of its environment. As a big plant-eater, it largely shapes the forest-and-savanna（大草原）surroundings in which it lives, therefore setting the terms of existence for millions of other animals that live in its habitat.
It is the elephant’s great desire for food that makes it a disturber of the environment and an important builder of its habitat. In its continuous search for the 300 pounds of plants it must have every day, it kills small trees and under-bushes, and pulls branches off big trees. This results in numerous open spaces in both deep tropical forests and in the woodlands that cover part of the African savannas. In these open spaces are numerous plants in various stages of growth that attract a variety of other plant-eaters.
Take the rain forests for example. In their natural state, the spreading branches overhead shut out sunlight and prevent the growth of plants on the forest floor. By pulling down trees and eating plants, elephants make open spaces, allowing new plants to grow on the forest floor. In such situations, the forests become suitable for large hoofed plant-eaters to move around and for small plant-eaters to get their food as well.
What worries scientists now is that the African elephant has become an endangered species. If the elephant disappears, scientists say, many other animals will also disappear from vast areas of forest and savanna, greatly changing and worsening the whole ecosystem.
1.What does the underlined phrase “setting the terms” most probably mean?
A. Improving the quality.
C. Fixing the time.
B. Worsening the state.
D. Deciding the conditions.
2.The passage is developed mainly by_________.
A. showing the effect and then explaining the causes
B. giving examples
C. pointing out similarities and differences
D. describing the changes in space order
3.What is the passage mainly about?
A. Forests and savannas as habitats for African elephants.
B. The eating habit of African elephants.
C. Disappearance of African elephants.
D. The effect of African elephants’ search for food.
4.What do we know about the open spaces in the passage?
A. They are home to many endangered animals.
B. They result from the destruction of rain forests.
C. They are attractive to plant-eating animals of different kinds.
D. They provide food mainly for African elephants.
单句翻译
1.正是人类的活动导致全球变暖。(强调句型)
_________________________________________________________________________________
2.没有警察的允许，谁也不许离开这栋楼。(be + to do)
_________________________________________________________________________________
3.我只有找到工作才能弄到足够的钱继续大学学业。(倒装)
_________________________________________________________________________________
4.简一进来， 就大哭起来。(the instant)
_________________________________________________________________________________
5.今晚他们很有可能在外露营了。(it is likely that)
_________________________________________________________________________________
6.只要你在使用电灯，你就可以开着它。 (so long as)
_________________________________________________________________________________
7.如果我会画画，我会画一张画给你。(虚拟语气)
_________________________________________________________________________________
8.学了这么多年的汉语，我依然认为它很美。（v-ing作状语）
_________________________________________________________________________________
9.与工厂里其他工人相比，他是幸运的。(过去分词作状语)
_________________________________________________________________________________
10.他发现忍受噪音很困难。(it作形式宾语)
_________________________________________________________________________________
篇章语法填空
阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（只填1词）或括号内单词的正确形式。
One day a rich man took his son on a trip to the country so he could have his son see how poor country people were.
They stayed one day and one night in the farm-house of 1. very poor farm. 2. the way back home at the end of the trip the father asked the son, “ 3. did you think of the trip?”
The son 4. (reply), “Very nice, Dad.”
The father then asked, “Did you notice how poor they were?”
The son said, “Yes, I guess so.”
The father then added, “What did you learn?”
To 5. question, the son thought for a moment and answered 6. (slow), “I learned that we have one dog and they have four. We have a fountain in the garden and they have a small river7. has no end. We have brightly colored 8. (lantern) in our garden, while they have the stars. Our garden 9. (go) to the edge of our yard, but for their back yard they have the whole horizon.”
At the son’s reply, the rich father was speechless (无语的). His son then said, “Thanks, Dad, for10. (show) me how poor we really are.”
单句填空
阅读下面句子并根据句意或结构完成每个句子，并将答案写在答题纸上。
1.You should be ___________ (感到羞耻) of your bad manners.
2.If you really need something to believe in, then believe in your own ___________ (潜能)
3.Don’t be too ___________ (乐观) about your success. More hard work is needed.
4.Tom was ___________ (任命) to be manager of the department for he was fit for the job.
5.We waited with ___________ (焦虑) for the news of her safe arrival.
6.What is his first i___________ on you? Is he the right person for the position?
7.From the survey they c___________ that too much exercise does harm to health.
8.The parents treated the boy very well though he was their a___________ son.
9.Who could p___________ exactly what would happen in the future? There is too much uncertainty.
10.You will solve the problem if you c___________ your attention on it.
选词填空
从下列方框中所给的词和短语中选出适当的词或短语，并用其适当形式填空。
appeal to let out be opposed to in place leave out be addicted to subscribe to be exposed to flexible range attempt typical |
1.Once you ___________ smoking, it is hard to break the habit.
2.He chose those books that ___________ him.
3.I like to have everything ___________, so I can find them easily.
4.It is nothing unusual. It is ___________ of him to be late for work.
5.What if we were more ___________ with what we could do with our time?
6.To learn English well, I have to ___________ some magazines.
7.If the film ___________ to light, the photo can not develop.
8.They failed in all their ___________ to climb the mountain.
9.Mary accidentally ___________ secret that her mother had telephoned.
10.He is a good physician and leader. He must ___________ drug abuse.
完形填空
阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
One day, a poor boy, who was selling goods from door to door to pay his way through school, found he had only one thin dime (一角硬币) left, and he was hungry. He decided he would ask for a ________ at the next house. However, he lost his ________ when a lovely young woman opened ________ door. Instead of a meal he asked for a drink of water. She thought he looked ________ so she brought him a large glass of ________ . He drank it slowly, and then asked, “How much do I owe you?” “You don’t owe me anything,” she replied. “Mother has taught us never to accept pay for a ________.” He said, “Then I ________ you from my heart.”
As Howard Kelly left that house, he not only felt ________ physically, but his faith ________ God and man was stronger also.
Many years later that same young woman became seriously ill. The ________ doctors sent her to the big city, where they ________ specialists to study her rare ________ and there came Dr. Howard Kelly. He________her at once. He determined to do his best to ________ her life.
After a long struggle, the ________ was won.
Dr. Kelly requested the business office to pass the ________ bill to him for approval. He looked at it, then wrote something on the edge and the bill was sent to her room. She feared to open it, ________ she was sure it would ________ the rest of her life to pay for it all. Finally she looked, and something________ her attention on the side of the bill. She read these words: “________ in full with one glass of milk. Dr. Howard Kelly. ”
1.A. breakfast B. lunch C. dinner D. meal
2.A. face B. way C. courage D. sight
3.A. a B. the C. one D. each
4.A. young B. small C. poor D. hungry
5.A. water B. milk C. juice D. coffee
6.A. kindness B. meal C. drink D. smile
7.A. remember B. know C. thank D. love
8.A. stronger B. warmer C. fuller D. taller
9.A. on B. in C. of D. with
10.A. village B. community C. local D. town
11.A. called in B. sent out C. dropped on D. looked into
12.A. appearance B. health C. body D. disease
13.A. cured B. greeted C. recognized D. accepted
14.A. save B. devote C. attend D. care
15.A. doctor B. woman C. illness D. battle
16.A. long B. thick C. final D. great
17.A. if B. for C. when D. though
18.A. spend B. take C. need D. demand
19.A. push B. paid C. put D. caught
20.A. Paid B. Borrowed C. Brought D. Owned
