Last night’s meteor(流星)shower left many people in the community dissatisfied and demanding answers．According to Gabe Rothschild，Emerald Valley’s mayor，people gathered in the suburbs of the city，carrying heavy telescopes，expecting to watch the brightly burning meteors passing through the sky．What they found instead was a sky so brightened by the city’s lights that it darkened the light of the meteors passing overhead．
“My family was so frustrated，”admitted town resident Duane Cosby．“We wanted to make this an unforgettable family outing，but it turned out to be a huge disappointment．”
Astronomers—scientists who study stars and planets—have been complaining about this problem for decades．They say that light pollution prevents them from seeing objects in the sky that they could see quite easily in the past．They call on people and the government to take measures to fight against it．
There is yet a population besides professional and amateur star observers that suffers even more from light pollution．This population consists of birds，bats，frogs，snakes，etc．For example，outdoor lighting severely affects migrating birds．According to the International Dark-Sky Association．“100 million birds a year throughout North America die in crashes with lighted buildings and towers．”
Countless more animal casualties(伤亡)result from the use of artificial lighting．Clearly，people enjoy the benefits of lighting their evenings，but some scientists think it can be harmful for humans，too．They worry that exposure to light while sleeping can increase a person’s chances of getting cancer．
Emerald Valley is only one community that is becoming aware of the negative effects of light pollution．For years，Flagstaff，Arizona，has enforced lighting regulations in its city in order to assist astronomers at the Lowell Observatory．Similar efforts have been made worldwide，and a movement is underway to remind us to turn off lights when we are not using them，so that other creatures can share the night．
1.It happened last night that ．
A．the city’s lights affected the meteor watching
B．the meteors flew past before being noticed
C．the city light show attracted many people
D．the meteor watching ended up a social outing
2.What do the astronomers complain about?
A．Meteor showers occur less often than before．
B．Their observation equipment is in poor repair．
C．Light pollution has remained unsolved for years．
D．Their eyesight is falling due to artificial lighting．
3.What is the author concerned about according to Paragraph 4?
A．Birds may take other migration paths．
B．Animals’ living habits may change suddenly．
C．Varieties of animals will become sharply reduced．
D．Animals’ survival is threatened by outdoor lighting．
4.What message does the author most want to give us?
A．Saving wildlife is saving ourselves．
B．Great efforts should be made to save energy．
C．Human activities should be environmentally friendly．
D．New equipment should be introduced for space study．
Guide to Stockholm University Library
Our library offers different types of studying places and provides a good studying environment．
Zones
The library is divided into different zones．The upper floor is a quiet zone with over a thousand places for silent reading，and places where you can sit and work with your own computer．The reading places consist mostly of tables and chairs．The ground floor is the zone where you can talk．Here you can find sofas and armchairs for group work．
Computers
You can use your own computer to connect to the wi-fi specially prepared for notebook computers; you can also use library computers，which contain the most commonly used applications，such as Microsoft Office．They are situated in the area known as the Experimental Field on the ground floor．
Group-study Places
If you want to discuss freely without disturbing others，you can book a study room or sit at a table on the ground floor．Some study rooms are for 2-3 people and others can hold up to 6-8 people．All rooms are marked on the library maps．
There are 40 group-study rooms that must be booked via the website．To book，you need an active University account and a valid University card．You can use a room three hours per day，nine hours at most per week．
Storage of Study Material
The library has lockers for students to store course literature．When you have obtained at least 40 credits，you may rent a locker and pay 400 SEK for a year’s rental period．
Rules to be Followed
Mobile phone conversations are not permitted anywhere in the library．Keep your phone on silent as if you were in a lecture and exit the library if you need to receive calls．
Please note that food and fruit are forbidden in the library，but you are allowed to have drinks and sweets with you．
1.Library computers on the ground floor ．
A．help students with their field experiments
B．contain software essential for schoolwork
C．are for those who want to access the wi-fi
D．are mostly used for filling out application forms
2.A student can rent a locker in the library if he ．
A．can afford the rental fee
B．attends certain courses
C．has nowhere to put his books
D．has earned the required credits
3.What should NOT be brought into the library?
A．Mobile phones．
B．Orange juice．
C．Candy．
D．Sandwiches．
George Gershwin，born in 1898，was one of America’s greatest composers．He published his first song when he was eighteen years old．During the next twenty years he wrote more than five hundred songs．
Many of Gershwin’s songs were first written for musical plays performed in theatres in New York City．These plays were a popular form of entertainment in the 1920s and 1930s．Many of his songs have remained popular as ever．Over the years they have been sung and played in every possible way—from jazz to country．
In the 1920s there was a debate in the United States about jazz music．Could jazz，some people asked，be considered serious music? In 1924 jazz musician and orchestra leader Paul Whiteman decided to organize a special concert to show that jazz was serious music．Gershwin agreed to compose something for the concert before he realized he had just a few weeks to do it．And in that short time，he composed a piece for piano and orchestra which he called Rhapsody in Blue．Gershwin himself played the piano at the concert．The audience were thrilled when they heard his music． It made him world-famous and showed that jazz music could be both serious and popular．
In 1928，Gershwin went to Paris．He applied to study composition(作曲)with the well-known musician Nadia Boulanger，but she rejected him．She was afraid that classical study would ruin his jazz-influenced style．While there，Gershwin wrote An American in Paris．When it was first performed，critics(评论家)were divided over the music．Some called it happy and full of life，to others it was silly and boring． But it quickly became popular in Europe and the United States．It still remains one of his most famous works．
George Gershwin died in 1937，just days after doctors learned he had brain cancer．He was only thirty-nine years old．Newspapers all over the world reported his death on their front pages．People mourned the loss of the man and all the music he might have still written．
1.Many of Gershwin’s musical works were ．
A．written about New Yorkers
B．composed for Paul Whiteman
C．played mainly in the countryside
D．performed in various ways
2.What did Gershwin do during his stay in Paris?
A．He created one of his best works．
B．He studied with Nadia Boulanger．
C．He argued with French critics．
D．He changed his music style．
3.What do we learn from the last paragraph?
A．Many of Gershwin’s works were lost．
B．The death of Gershwin was widely reported．
C．A concert was held in memory of Gershwin．
D．Brain cancer research started after Gershwin’s death．
4.Which of the following best describes Gershwin?
A．Talented and productive．
B．Serious and boring．
C．Popular and unhappy．
D．Friendly and honest．
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中，选出最佳选项。
Our oldest daughter is having trouble letting go of an old red sofa．
It’s not the sofa she’s having trouble letting go of as much as the memories．It was their first sofa．It has been loaded and unloaded onto moving trucks seven times．Three kids have eaten on it，dripped on it，and jumped on it．
Yet she’s having a hard time letting go and asked if I thought that was strange．
“Completely，” I said．“You get it from me．”
When we were ready to get rid of our baby things，I sold our crib (婴儿床) at the neighborhood garage sale．I had pieces of it in the garage and the other pieces of it still in the house．A young woman said she wanted to buy it．
My throat tightened and the tears began to well．She pulled out cash and I cheered up．
But by the time I returned with the other pieces to the crib，I was all sobbing．“Have you considered that maybe you’re not ready to sell it?” the woman asked．
“No-o-o-o，” I cried．“It’s fine，really，” I said．“Take it．”
Our attachment to stuff grows in direct relationship to the amount of time it has sat in one place．The longer it sits，the harder it is to get rid of it．You think: “Hey，we’ve hung onto it this long – it must be valuable!” As though yellowing and a layer of dust increase value．
People who find it extremely hard to part with things have been made into entertainment in a television show called Hoarders．If an episode (集) of that isn’t depressing enough for you，producers now offer Extreme Hoarders．Both of which are not to be outdone by Storage Wars，a show about aggressive people who bid on other people’s storage units．
Let the sofa go，I told my daughter．It served its purpose．You can get a new one．Give the kids some crackers (饼干) and juice and it will be like the old one in six weeks．
1.What does the author mean by saying the underlined sentence “You get it from me”?
A．“You can get another sofa from me．”
B．“You can get mental support from me．”
C．“You behave just the same way I do．”
D．“You are asking the right person to help you．”
2.When the writer was selling the crib，_____．
A．she felt relieved that there was someone willing to buy it
B．she showed a strong attachment to the old item
C．she couldn’t decide whether or not to sell it in the end
D．she changed her mind in hopes of keeping it and increasing its value
3.The writer refers to the television shows to _____．
A．prove that it’s depressing to get attached to old stuff
B．explain what contributes to people’s attachment to old stuff
C．show that people in TV shows live the same lives as ordinary people do
D．prove that it’s actually common for people to find it hard to get rid of old stuff
4.Which opinion might the writer agree with according to the article?
A．If you give away old stuff regularly，you are wasteful．
B．If the old stuff has done what it was supposed to，then let it go．
C．Nothing is more valuable than your love for your old stuff．
D．The older your stuff is，the less trouble you have getting rid of it．
请阅读下面文字,并按照要求用英语写一篇150 词左右的文章。
A netizen wrote on Weibo on Sept 11 regarding a couple’s shameful behavior of carving their names on a 300-year-old vat at the Palace Museum and called for the museum to report the case to the police．
The post caused a heated discussion online．Some criticized the offending behavior, saying, “I don’t want to visit the Palace Museum only to find relics being carved by immoral tourists．” Others said it is common that ancient relics in Palace Museum are being damaged and laws should be introduced．
Apart from random carvings, the Palace Museum has met several cases of shameful behaviors this year．In March open-air relics were trampled(踩踏) and in May unclothed models were photographed riding on ancient relics in the museum’s courtyard．
Similar incidents take place every year．In 2013, a visitor named Liang Qiqi cut “Liang Qiqi has come here” on a vat in the tourist attraction, causing a mass internet hunting．Worse still, in 2013, a Chinese boy carved his name on a stone sculpture at an ancient temple in Egypt and produced widespread reaction worldwide．
写作内容:
1．用约30个单词概述上述信息的主要内容；
2．结合上述信息，简要分析这种行为的不良影响；
3．从社会和个人两方面谈谈如何提升国民素质(不少于两点)。
写作要求:
1．写作过程中不能直接引用原文语句；
2．作文中不能出现真实姓名和学校名称；
3．不必写标题。
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请认真阅读下列短文，并根据短文的内容要点完成文章后的表格列单。
注意：补全填空应符合语法和搭配要求，每空只填一个单词。请将答案写在答题卡上相应题号的横线上。
Friends in your life are like pillars on your porch．Sometimes they hold you up and sometimes they lean on you．Sometimes it's just enough to know they're standing by．Friendship doubles your joy and divides your grief．A friendship is priceless and should be cultivated．
●Remembering the golden rule
Without a doubt, the greatest human relations principle is to treat other people like you want to be treated． When you show respect for your friends and gratitude for their friendship, you'll be blessed in untold ways．
You can't know what has gone on in the rude person's life that day, but you can assume that his or her day hasn't gone well．Maybe a loved one lost his job, her boss reprimanded her unjustly, he's coming down with the flu, or she just found out that her teenager is taking drugs．
Whatever the cause of the rudeness, you don't have to accentuate(突出) the problem．A kind word or a gentle, understanding smile may help the person more than returned rudeness would．
● Considering foes as friends
A friend looks after your own good． On the other hand, a foe is someone who isn't interested in your well-being．
Yet some students view their teachers as enemies．However, a student's success in school partly depends on the teacher's effectiveness in the classroom．Instead of being an enemy, a teacher who corrects you and helps you to achieve can be the best friend you ever had．
This kind of thinking, along with a little attitude adjustment, helps you to convert foes to friends, and both of you are better off．
● Making friends by being an optimist
Do you enjoy being around a pessimist, someone who is generally described as being able to brighten up a room just by leaving it? The answer is obvious．Most people prefer to be around people who believe that tomorrow is going to be better than today, rather than people who believe that today is even worse than yesterday．
● Capturing the pleasing personality
How do you develop a pleasing personality? Here are some steps you can take:
Smile when you see someone．You don't have to give a wide grin — just a pleasant, friendly smile．
Speak in a pleasant, upbeat tone of voice．Talk to people as if they are good friends, even if they don't really fall into that category yet．
Take a course in public speaking．The ability to express yourself attracts favorable attention from many sources．
Develop a sense of humor．Pick up a couple of joke books．This makes you a little more outgoing and friendly．
● Don't criticize unjustly
Instead of being eager to dish out criticism all the time, take the humane and sensible approach．Look for the good in others．Encourage them．Build them up．
Most people seldom think through each situation completely and consider the other person's point of view．If you take the time and effort to do this, you'll end up befriending more people．
Title:Five ways to cultivate friendship
Passage outline | Supporting details |
Introduction to friendship | Friends in your life are like pillars on your porch.Sometimes friends share each other’s 1.and sorrow. |
2.Of cultivating friendship | Remembering the gold rule Treat others like you want to be treated.Don’t have to accentuate the problem even though they are 3.to you,because sometimes a gentle understanding 4.is better than a rude behavior. |
Considering foes as friends5.on foes as friends makes you and your friends better off. | |
Making friends by being an optimist. Most people have the 6.for being around the ones who are optimistic. | |
Capturing the pleasing personality Give a 7.and friendly smile. Speak in a pleasant, upbeat tone of voice. Take a course about speaking 8.. Develop a sense of humor. | |
Don’t criticize unjustly 9.criticizing others Look for the good in others. | |
Conclusion | Make an effort to do this and you’ll 10.more friends in the end. |
