D
【解析】
试题分析:考查情态动词。“情态动词+have done”既可以表示对过去情况的推测,也可以表示虚拟语气。如must have done过去肯定做了某事。should have done 本应该做而实际未做。 can’t have done 过去不可能做了某事;shouldn’t have done 本不应该做而实际做了。 need have done 本有必要做某事;needn’t have done 本没有必要做某事;注意没有 mustn’t have done的形式。句意:—猜猜怎么了!在演讲比赛中,我得了第一名。—祝贺你啊!你一定做了很多工作吧!根据句意可知是对过去发生事情的肯定推测。故D正确。
【名师点睛】
情态动词+have+done是历年高考的重点和难点之一,现将其用法总结归纳如下:
一、 “must+have+done”表示对过去事情的肯定推测,译成“一定做过某事”,该结构只用于肯定句。
1. It must have rained last night, for the ground is wet. 昨晚一定下雨了,因为地面还是湿的。
2. You must have been mad to speak to the servant. 你和仆人说话,一定是发疯了。
二、 “can't+have+done”表示对过去事情的否定推测,译成“不可能做过某事”。
1. Mr. Smith can't have gone to Beijing, for I saw him in the library just now. 史密斯先生不可能去北京了,我刚才还在图书馆见过他。
2. Mary can't have stolen your money. She has gone home. 玛丽不可能偷你的钱,她回家去了。
三、 “can+have+done”表示对过去行为的怀疑,用于疑问句,译成“可能做过……吗?”。 1. There is no light in the room. Can they have gone out? 屋里没有灯,他们可能出去了吗?
2. There is nowhere to find them. Where can they have gone? 到处找不到他们,他们可能到什么地方去呢?
四、 “could+have+done”是虚拟语气,表示对过去事情的假设,意思是本来能够做某事而没有做。 He could have passed the exam, but he was too careless. 本来他能够通过考试,但是他太粗心。
五、 “may+have+done”表示对发生的事情的推测,意思是“可能已经”或“也许已经”,用于肯定句中。
—What has happened to George? —I don't know. He may have got lost.
—乔治发生了什么事? ——我不知道,他可能迷路了。
六、 “might+have+done”表示对过去事情的推测,might与may意思相同,但可能性更小。多用于虚拟语气结构中。
1. He might have given you more help, even though he was busy. (MET90)
他或许会多给你一些帮助,即使他很忙。
2. She might have achieved greater progress, if you had given her more chances.
如果你多给她点机会,她可能已经取得更大的成绩。
七、 “would+have+done”虚拟语气,表示对过去事情的假设,意思是“本来会做”。
1. I would have told you all about the boy's story, but you didn't ask me.
我本来会告诉你这个小男孩的故事,但是你没有问我。
2. Without your help, I wouldn't have achieved so much. 没有你的帮助,我是不会取得如此大的成绩。
八、 “should+have+done”意思是“本来应该做某事,而实际没做。” “shouldn't+have+done”表示本来不应该做某事,而实际做了。含有指责对方或自责的含意。
1. Tom, you are too lazy. The work should have been finished yesterday.
汤姆,你太懒惰了,这项工作本来应该昨天就做完的。
2. Look, Tom is crying. I shouldn't have been so harsh on him.
看,汤姆哭了,我本来不应该对他如此严厉。
九、 “ought to+have+done”表示过去应该做而实际并没有做,译成“理应做……”,往往表示遗憾。与“should+have+done”用法基本一样。
I ought to have gone home last Sunday. 我理应上星期日回家。
You ought not to have given him more help. 你不应该帮助他那么多。
十、 “need+have+done”表示本来需要做某事而没有做。“needn't+have+done”则表示“本来不需要做某事而做了”。
I needn't have bought so much wine—only five people came. 我本来没有必要买这么多酒,只来了五个人。
He need have hurried to the station. In that case, be wouldn't have missed the train.
他本来需要快点去车站,那样的话,他就不会误了火车。
【举一反三】
【2011江苏卷,34】——I left my handbag on the train, but luckily someone gave it to a railway official.
——How unbelievable to get it back! I mean, someone ______ it.
A. will have stolen B. might have stolen
C. should have stolen D. must have stolen
〖答案〗B
〖考点〗考查虚拟语气的用法。
〖解析〗句意为“——我把我的手提包落在火车上了。但幸运的是,有人拾到交给了铁路部门。——失而复得,简直难以置信!我是说,本来可能有人会偷了去。”will have done将来可以完成,must have done一定做过某事,表示对过去事情的肯定推测,都与题意不符。should have done本来应该做某事,而实际没做,这就意味着希望有人偷包。might have stolen 过去可能做过,语气比较婉转或不肯定,根据句意选B。
考点:考查情态动词用法