Question

完形填空

阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的四个选项（A, B, C和D）中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。

We all often deal with people who complain about the failures and troubles of their daily lives. Life   ________ to be one big problem for them. I would like to think it ________  unusual. If there were no problems in your job, then your ________ would hire a much less capable(有能力的)person than you to do the things that don’t ________  much thought. In the business world, those who are able to solve difficult problems are the ones who are the most   ________ to the employer.

Many times the problems or challenges we face   ________  us to grow and become more capable. The runner who ________ for the mile run in the Olympics by running downhill will have no chance of winning the medal   ________ . The runner who trains by running uphill is far more likely to ________ the speed and endurance needed to win the medal.

The ________ thing that ever happened to boxer Gene Tunney was that he ________  both hands in the ring. His manager felt that he could ________  again punch(重击) hard enough to be the heavyweight champion. Instead, Tunney ________  that he would become a scientific boxer and win the title as a boxer, not a slugger(重击手). ________   historians will tell you that he developed into one of the best boxers who ever fought. They will ________ tell you that as a puncher, he would not have had a chance________  Jack Dempsey, who was considered by many to be the hardest ________ in heavyweight history. Tunney would never have been champion ________ he had not had the problem of his broken hands.

________ time you meet with a difficult climb, obstacle, or problem, you should   ________  and say, “Here’s my chance to grow.”

1.A. seems         B. pretends         C. agrees      D. hopes

2.A. something      B. everything       C. nothing    D. anything

3.A. teacher        B. employer         C. father     D. doctor

4.A. give           B. receive         C. offer      D. need

5.A. famous         B. valuable        C. strange     D. difficult

6.A. allow         B. warn             C. force       D. order

7.A. trains        B. leaves          C. looks       D. waits

8.A. in all         B. after all       C. above all   D. at all

9.A. beat           B. stop             C. lose        D. develop

10.A. worst         B. best             C. easiest    D. fastest

11.A. held          B. raised           C. broke       D. touched

12.A. never       B. always           C. often       D. even

13.A. promised      B. explained       C. decided     D. answered

14.A. Swimming      B. Boxing          C. Running    D. Skating

15.A. still         B. already          C. hardly      D. also

16.A. against      B. for             C. on        D. with

17.A. worker        B. student          C. hitter      D. trainer

18.A. unless       B. if               C. because    D. so

19.A. First        B. Other            C. Last        D. Next

20.A. smile         B. stand            C. change     D. speak

Answer

1.A

2.C

3.B

4.D

5.B

6.C

7.A

8.D

9.D

10.B

11.C

12.A

13.C

14.B

15.D

16.A

17.C

18.B

19.D

20.A

【解析】

试题分析：本文属于夹叙夹议类短文，生活中我们会遇见困难，但是这些困难是我们成长和进步的机会。文章之后用拳手Tunney的故事告诉我们要笑对困难。

1.A 考查动词辨析。动词seem似乎；pretend假装；agree同意；hope希望；第一句告诉我们总是遇见很多人抱怨生活中的麻烦和失败，对他们来说生活似乎是一个大问题，总是有数不清的麻烦。故A正确。

2.C 考查上下文串联。根据横线后两句可知作者认为生活中遇见问题是很正常的事情，使用nothing unusual，故C正确。

3.B 考查常识。如果你在工作中没有遇见任何难题，那么老板就不必要雇佣你来做这份工作，因为这份工作对你来说太容易了，他就可以雇佣能力不如你的人来做了。而且和本段45空后的employer形成呼应。故B项employer正确。

4.D 考查动词辨析。动词give给与；receive接受；offer提供；need需要；因为这份工作很容易，所以不需要太多的思考就可以完成了。故D项正确。

5.B 考查形容词辨析。形容词famous著名的；valuable珍贵的，有价值的；strange奇怪的；difficult困难的；能够解决困难的问题的人才是老板最珍贵的员工。故B正确。

6.C 考查动词辨析。动词allow允许；warn警告；force强迫；order命令；很多次我们面临的问题和挑战迫使我们成长并让我们更有能力。我们遇见问题并解决问题，在解决问题的过程中提高了能力。故C正确。

7.A 考查上下文串联。根据48空后The runner who trains by running uphill...可知这两句是并列关系，所以也应该使用动词train，句意：通过向山下跑来训练跑步的运动员不可能赢得金牌。故A正确。

8.D 考查固定搭配。本句中否定词no和at all连用，表示“一点也不...”，在平时的训练中，向山下跑进行训练的运动员是不可能赢得金牌的。所以本句中no和at all连用表示加强的否定语气。故D正确。

9.D 考查动词辨析。动词beat打败；stop停止；lose失去；develop发展，形成；那些向山上跑训练跑步的人更可能形成赢得金牌的速度和耐力。ABC三项与上下文不搭配。

10.B 考查上下文串联。在文章第一段可知生活中的困难对我们来说往往是好事，所以Tunney手破了对他来说是好事情，所以使用best加强语气。故B正确。

11.C 考查动词辨析。动词hold举起，维持；raise抚养，提高；break打破，折断；touch感动；他的双手都破了，这对作为拳击手的他来说很麻烦的事情，但是他把这转换成好事情。故C正确。

12.A 考查上下文串联。他的手出了问题，所以不可能在去重击对方而成为一个重量级的拳手。所以使用否定词never。故A正确。

13.C 考查动词辨析。动词promise允诺；explain解释；decide决定；answer回答；尽管遇见了这样的困难，但是他还是决定要成为一个“科学的”拳手，并赢得冠军称号。这是他的决定。故C正确。

14.B 考查上下文串联。根据50空The thing that ever happened to boxer Gene Tunney可知他是一名拳手，那么只有拳击方面的专家才知道他后来成为了一名非常著名的拳击运动员。故B正确。

15.D 考查上下文串联。拳击专家不仅会告诉你他是一名好拳手，还会告诉你如果不是因为手坏了，他不可能有机会和Jack Dempsey进行比赛，他也不可能成为一名拳击冠军的。故D正确。

16.A 考查考查介词用法。介词against可以表示“对抗，与...斗争”，如果不是手坏了以后，他更加努力，他是不会有机会和重拳手Jack Dempsey进行比赛的。故A正确。

17.C 考查上下文串联。Tunney是一名拳手，所以他应该和拳手进行比赛，与工人、学生和训练师无关。故C正确。

18.B 考查语法。本句是if引导的条件状语从句的虚拟语气，如果不是手坏了，他是不会成为冠军的。正是因为遇见了生活中的麻烦，才让他更加努力最后取得了成功。故B正确。

19.D 考查语法。连词短语next time下次...的时候，该短语引导时间状语从句。下次你遇见困难的时候，微笑着说，这是我成长的机会。故D正确。

20.

【名师点睛】

在完成完形填空时，我们要注意从语篇的角度分析全文。一个完整的语篇，一篇内容充实、结构合理、行文流畅的短文所依赖的不只是词汇和语法，更多的是篇章结构技巧。

1．复现

“词汇的复现”是指某一词以原词、同义词/近义词、反义词、同源词、概括词（总分关系）以及其他形式重复出现在语篇之中。词汇复现的语用意义是使得语篇中的句子相互衔接和连贯，从而构成一个完整和有机的意义整体。大体上说，词汇的复现包括：原词复现、同义词/近义词复现、反义词、同源词复现、概括词复现和注释性复现（其中一种表达是对另一种的解释）。具体指某一词以原词，指代词，同义词，反义词、同源词、概括词等重新出现在整个文章的前后，并起到了衔接全文的作用。

（5）First of all, he was a window-cleaner and in his first week he managed to_____ six windows.

A. rub B. drop C. break D. clean

析：【D】同源词复现，由window-cleaner可知为clean the window

2. 同现

同现指意义上相互联系的单词同时出现在同一语篇中。一个语篇，一个话题，要求有与之相连的词汇（篇章中的词汇链）。

1) 名词同现：与一个话题或一个名词出现在同一个语境的另一个名词。如：

school---primary school—middle school—college—university

students—pupils—graduates—postgraduates

2) 动词同现：与一个话题或一个名词出现在同一个语境的另一个动词。如：

school—teach—learn—attend—found—drop out—graduate—be dismissed

3)形容词同现

就某一语境而言所能出现的形容词也是有规律的。如：在学校这个语境中：（key）school—（optional）course—（compulsory）course

4) 结构同现

结构同现批搭配之类的句型和成对出现的短语。如： some„,others; on one hand„,on the other hand; former„,latter; so„that; not only„but also; hardly/scarcely„when„; no sooner„than„; be about to do /be doing /had done /be on the point of doing/be to do/be ready to do/be on the way „ when„;

（6）I put my head in, expecting the (worst). But to my (surprise), the room wasn’t empty at all. It had furniture, curtains, a TV, and even paintings on the wall. And then on the well-made bed sat Amy, my new ____, dressed neatly.

A. roommate B. classmate C. neighbor D. companion

析：【A】名词同现，从room, furniture,等同现信息可知。 （7）We were ______ to go back for class again when the headmaster called us ( together) and said, „42. A. about B. able C. sorry D. sure

析：【A】结构同现，be about to do „when„

3．逻辑关系

一个完整的语篇应该是符合逻辑的，文章逻辑关系的取得主要靠过渡词的使用。作者利用转承语保证文章的逻辑，学生在做完形填空时应通过自己对上下文的理解，找到适当的逻辑关系，然后选择正确的过渡词。学生必掌握常见的过渡词：

1.递进

in addition, furthermore, again, also, besides, moreover, what’s more, what’s worse, to make matters worse , to make things worse , worse still

2.比较

in the same way, as with, similarly, equally, in comparison, just as

3.对照

in contrast, on the other hand, instead, however, nevertheless, unlike, on the contrary, while

4.因果

because, because of, for, since, due to, owing to, thanks to, as a result (of), so, thus

5.强调

certainly, above all, indeed, of course, surely, actually, as a matter of fact, especially

in particular, absolutely,

6.让步

although, though, after all, in spite of

7.举例 for example, for instance, that is, namely, such as, in other words, in this case, by way of illustration.

8. 时间和空间 afterward, after, first, later, then, soon, finally, at last

outside, near, beyond, above, below, on the right(left), in the middle, opposite, in front of

9. 总结 to sum up, to conclude, in a word, in short, in brief, all in all, in all, in summary

考点：考查夹叙夹议类阅读