B Edinburgh is the capital city of Scotland, and has long been a favorite destination of tourists from all over the world, as well as an important cultural and political center．
With its museums, shops, wonderful historic castle, and many pubs and restaurants, there are many things for visitors to enjoy all year round．And of course, as it is in Scotland, there are a wide range of whiskies to try!
However, there is more to Edinburgh than historic monuments and tourism．Each year, the Edinburgh Festival takes place in the city．In late summer, for three weeks, the festival presents classical music, theater, opera and dance at six major theaters and concert halls—and several smaller ones—throughout the city．Whatever your cultural tastes, you are sure to find something to enjoy．、
Local talent is always represented at the Edinburgh Festival giving Scottish composers and playwrights the opportunity to showcase their work and gain recognition from a wider audience．
In addition, orchestras (管弦乐队) and theater companies come from all over the world to perform at the prestigious (有名望的) festival．Last year saw the arrival of orchestras from the United States and Germany．
The festival has now become an important part of Scotland’s economy as well as its culture．Last year’s festival generated over ￡130 million expenditure in Edinburgh alone, and across Scotland nearly 2,900 jobs exist as a direct result of the festival．
The festival is so popular that it has become, in some ways, a victim of its own success．The huge interest in performing there led to the setting up of a rival (竞争的) festival, the Edinburgh Fringe Festival．Fortunately, demand for live entertainment during the summer is so great that both festivals continue to thrive (兴旺)．
The Fringe tends to feature mostly comedy and experimental works．Yet it can lead to great things ---- many famous and successful comedians and artists, such as Rowan Atkinson, better known as TV’s Mr．Bean, started their careers in small venues at the Fringe．
1.Which of the following statements is NOT true according to the passage?
A．The festival is economically important for Scotland．
B．Many people in Scotland rely on the festival for their jobs．
C．Local performers challenge bands from all over the world．
D．One is sure to find something to enjoy during the festival．
2.What does the underlined part “a victim of its own success” most probably mean?
A．A prestigious band for its successful performance．
B．An unsuccessful performance without good preparation．
C．An orchestra from another country performing in Edinburgh．
D．A festival that causes trouble for itself because of great success．
3.What we can learn from the passage is that ________．
A．the Edinburgh Festival attracts audience across the world
B．both festivals win good recognition from a wide audience
C．the Fringe was set up in the hope of accepting the challenge
D．many comedians and artists took off overnight at the Fringe
4.Which of the following can be the best title for this passage?
A．Edinburgh ------ A City of Culture
B．Edinburgh ------ A Tourist Attraction
C．Edinburgh ------ A Political Center
D．Edinburgh ------ A Place to Try Whiskies
A
The National Gallery
Description:
The National Gallery is the British national art museum built on the north side of Trafalgar Square in London．It houses a diverse collection of more than 2,300 examples of European art ranging from 13th-century religious paintings to more modern ones by Renoir and Van Gogh．The older collections of the gallery are reached through the main entrance while the more modern works in the East Wing are most easily reached from Trafalgar Square by a ground floor entrance
Layout:
The modern Sainsbury Wing on the western side of the building houses 13th- to 15th-century paintings, and artists include Duccio, Uccello, Van Eyck, Lippi, Mantegna, Botticelli and Memling．
The main West Wing houses 16th-century paintings, and artists include Leonardo da Vinci, Cranach, Michelangelo, Raphael, Bruegel, Bronzino, Titan and Veronese．
The North Wing houses 17th-century paintings, and artists include Caravaggio, Rubens, Poussin, Van Dyck, Velazquez, Claude and Vermeer．
The East Wing houses 18th- to early 20th-century paintings, and artists include Canaletto, Goya, Turner, Constable, Renoir and Van Gogh．
Opening Hours:
The Gallery is open every day from 10am to 6pm (Fridays 10am to 9pm) and is free, but charges apply to some special exhibitions．
Getting There:
Nearest underground stations: Charing Cross (2-minute walk), Leicester Square (3-minute walk), Embankment (7-minute walk), and Piccadilly Circus (8-minute walk)．
1.In which century’s collection can you see religious paintings?
A．The 13th．
B．The 17th．
C．The 18th．
D．The 20th．
2.Where are Leonardo da Vinci’s works shown?
A．In the East Wing．
B．In the main West Wing．
C．In the Sainsbury Wing．
D．In the North Wing．
3.Which underground station is closest to the National Gallery?
A．Piccadilly Circus．
B．Leicester Square．
C．Embankment．
D．Charing Cross．
短文写作
假如你是李华，你的外国朋友Jim问你什么是“广场舞”。请写一封回信介绍：
1. 什么是广场舞；
2. 广场舞的利与弊；
3. 你认为该如何协调老年人健身的需求与其他人休息的需要。
注意：
1. 词数100左右；
2. 可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；
3. 开头与结语已给出，不算入字数。
Dear Jim,
I’ve received your letter inquiring square dancing.
___________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________
Sincerely yours,
Li Hua
完成句子
请根据单词的首字母或括号里的提示完成下列句子，每空只填一个单词。
1.She was rewarded for her 40 years’ f_________ service with the company.
2.The way in which we work has undergone a complete _________ (a total change in something, a revolution)in the past decade.
3.He strongly believes that there must be a physical explanation for these strange _________(现象).
4.My eyes slowly grew _________(familiar with something and accepting it as normal or usual) to the dark.
5.The police said that the accident deserved further investigation as the c_________ surrounding it were incredibly strange.
6.There is w__________ and growing acceptance that women should be equal to men at work.
7.We cannot _________ (to promise something will happen) our flights will never be delayed.
8.Our research attempts to ________ (assess) the effectiveness of the different drugs.
9.As a patriot, she is bitterly o_________ to the idea of moving abroad.
10.It was so _________(令人难为情) having to sing in public.
11.The prisoners made an a_________ to escape, but failed.
12.There is convincing _________(证据) of a link between exposure to sun and skin cancer.
13.Our school is e_________ with some teaching facilities.
14.She made an _________(预约) for her son to see the doctor.
15.Her position in the party has _________(to become stronger) in recent weeks.
16.Nowadays many companies adopt the approach of f_________ working hours so that the workers can manage their own time more effectively.
17.Colors like red c_________ a sense of energy and strength.
18.They are trying to keep the costs to a _________(最低限度).
19.Breathing is an _________ (done or happening without thinking) function of the body.
20.It was a c_________ that he was born on his mother’s birthday.
语法填空
阅读下面短文，按照句子结构的语法性和上下文连贯的要求，在空格处填入一个适当的词或使用括号中词语的正确形式填空，并将答案填写在答题卡标号为
It was January 1st, the first day of the year and a holiday for me. I started by thinking of getting the bank work done. The bank clerk, 1. elderly gentleman with a white beard, 2. (nod) and I sat in front of him. He filled in my details letter by letter.
Minutes passed and nothing happened. I started wondering 3. we had computerized banking if we were still filling in forms. After waiting for ten more minutes 4. (patience), I eagerly asked him if my work was done. He shouted, “Nothing is done. It will take time!”
Suddenly I felt 5. of us sailing in the same boat. I felt that he was also missing the small things in life like a hot cup of tea or 6. (lie) in a warm bed like me. Two minutes 7. (late), I told him, “Sir, take your time. I am not in a hurry.”
This man suddenly gave me a rare smile and said, “You are not in a hurry but somebody else will come who will be in a hurry.”
He really touched my heart with his wise words. All this time I thought of him 8. a robot, someone who was there for my convenience, 9. today I suddenly felt a strange communion (共鸣) with him. I decided to be more friendly with people 10. help me with my work.
完形填空
阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
Everyone in business has been told that success is all about attracting and retaining (留住) customers. It sounds simple and achievable. But, , words of wisdom are soon forgotten. Once companies have attracted customers they often the second half of the story. In the of beating off the competition, negotiating prices, securing orders, and delivering the product, managers tend to become carried away. They forget what they regard as the boring side of business—________ that the customer remains a customer.
to concentrate on retaining as well as attracting customers costs business huge amounts of money annually. It has been estimated that the average company loses between 10 and 30 percent of its every years. In constantly changing , this is not surprising. What is surprising is the fact that few companies have any idea how many customers they have lost.
Only now are organizations beginning to ________ those lost opportunities and calculate the ________ implications. Cutting down the number of customers a company loses can make a big ________ in its performance. Research in the US found that a five percent decrease in the number of defecting (流失的) customers led to ________ increases of between 25 and 85 percent.
In the US, Domino’s Pizza estimates that a regular customer is worth more than $5,000 over ten years. A customer who receives a poor quality product or service on their first visit and ________ never returns, is losing the company thousands of dollars in ________ profits (more if you consider how many people they are likely to tell about their bad experience).
The logic behind cultivating customer________ is impossible to deny. “In practice most companies’ marketing effort is focused on getting customers, with little attention paid to ________ them”, says Adrian Payne of Cornfield University’ School of Management. “Research suggests that there is a close relationship between ________ customers and making profits. ________ customers tend to buy more, are predictable and usually cost less to service than new customers. Furthermore, they tend to be less price ________, and may provide free word-of-mouth advertising. Retaining customers also makes it ________ for competitors to enter a market or increase their________ of a market.
1.A. in particular B. in reality C. at least D. first of all
2.A. emphasize B. doubt C. overlook D. believe
3.A. excitement B. sorrow C. decision D. performance
4.A. denying B. ensuring C. arguing D. proving
5.A. Moving B. Hoping C. Starting D. Failing
6.A. shops B. guests C. opportunities D. customers
7.A. markets B. tastes C. prices D. expenses
8.A. look forward to B. gave in to C. devote to D. wake up to
9.A. Cultural B. social C. financial D. economical
10.A. promise B. plan C. mistake D. difference
11.A. cost B. opportunity C. profit D. budget
12.A. as a result B. on the whole C. in conclusion D. on the contrary
13.A. huge B. potential C. extra D. reasonable
14.A. beliefs B. loyalty C. habits D. interest
15.A. affecting B. understanding C. keeping D. attracting
16.A. introducing B. analyzing C. searching D. retaining
17.A. Assumed B. Respected C. Established D. Unexpected
18.A. agreeable B. flexible C. friendly D. sensitive
19.A. unfair B. difficult C. essential D. convenient
20.A. share B. goods C. stresses D. progress
