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The emotional bond a child secures with its parents has a greater impact on its education than previously thought, a report suggests. The Sutton Trust study says children’s early attachment to parents has far-reaching consequences for their ability to speak, learn and think. Parents who are insecure themselves find it harder to provide children with security, it says. And the report calls for more help so parents can develop such crucial bonds. The study focuses on the application of the theory of attachment—a key theory in child developement and psychology. This says the degree to which children are secure and resilient as they grow up depends on their own early experiences with their mothers and fathers and how they have bonded.

The report from the Sutton Trust education charity, entitled Baby Bonds, makes the case that it has an important impact on children’s future educational chances as well as their emotional well-being. It is based on an analysis of more than 100 studies on the issue, including home visits and assessments and observations of children in a range of countries. The trust argues that although psychologists have been aware of attachment theory, it has not been seen by policy makers as a key influence on educational attainment. And it asks them to take this into account. The report says when babies and toddlers do not form these strong parental bonds—known as secure attachment—they are more likely to exhibit poor language and poor behavior before they reach school.

And it cites international studies which suggest this continues late into life, with insecure children more likely to leave school early or duck out of employment or training. They are also more likely to suffer from aggression, defiance and hyperactivity later in life.

The Sutton Trust says its analysis of the research suggests that about 40% of children in the UK lack a secure attachment with their parents. Lead author Sophie Moullin said that when her team looked at large scale representative studies in a number of countries they all found, from their observations, that between 38% and 42% of children suffered from poor attachment in all the different study locations. She added: “Secure attachment really helps children with emotional and social development and at school it really helps them to manage their behavior. Shouting, looking out of the window, hitting each other…These are the things that teachers will tell you that are stopping children from learning. It’s really only as we understand more about these behavior problems that we have decided that a lot of it goes back to this early bonding with parents.

Research director at the trust Conor Ryan said: “Better bonding between parents and babies could lead to more social mobility, as there is such a clear link to education, behavior and future employment. The educational divide emerges early in life, with a 19—month school readiness gap between the most and least advantaged children by the age of five.

This report clearly identifies the fundamental role secure attachment could have in narrowing that school readiness gap and improving children’s life chances. “More support from health visitors, children’s centers together with local authorities in helping parents improve how they bond with young children could play a role in narrowing the education gap.

The Sutton Trust study

Introduction

The study reveals children’s early attachment to parents 1._______ affects their ability to speak, learn and think.

Method of the study

Researchers2._______ more than 100 case studies on the issue through visiting homes, assessing children and 3.________children.

Statistics of the study

·In the UK, only about 60% of children have a secure attachment with their parents.

 

·In other countries where the studies were carried out, the numbers are quite4.________.

Negative effects of insecure 5._______

·A6.________ of secure parental bonding may lead to poor language and behavior for preschool children.

At the age of five, the7._______ school readiness gap between children can be 19 months.

 

·Without secure attachment, future life difficulties such as quitting school, 8._________ from work and other emotional issues would emerge.

 

The significance of parental attachment

Better bonding between parents and babies could lead to a change in people’s social 9.________ because it narrows children’s school readiness gap and it improves children’s life chances.

Suggestion

A10._____ effort is needed for strong parent-child bonding.

 

1.largely/greatly 2.analyzed 3.observing 4.close 5.attachment 6.lack 7.biggest 8.hiding/escaping 9.status 10.combined/joint 【解析】 试题分析:本文是一篇议论文。介绍了儿童早期与父母形成的纽带关系有助于孩子智力、情感的发育,他们可以学习更快,如果缺少这种纽带作用,孩子们容易形成厌学、暴力、蔑视、极度兴奋等不良行为,报道指出很多英国家庭都缺少这种纽带作用,专家呼吁父母和孩子要多培养感情。 1.largely/greatly 主旨大意题。由第一段第一句The emotional bond a child secures with its parents has a greater impact on its education than previously thought, a report suggests.知父母与孩子早期的情感交流对教育有着重大的影响。故填largely/greatly。 2.analyzed 细节理解题。由第二段第二句It is based on an analysis of more than 100 studies on the issue, including home visits and assessments and observations of children in a range of countries.知这项调查分析了100个案例,包括家访和全国范围内对孩子的评估和观察。故填analyzed。 3.observing 细节理解题。由第二段第二句It is based on an analysis of more than 100 studies on the issue, including home visits and assessments and observations of children in a range of countries.知这项调查分析了100个案例,包括家访和全国范围内对孩子的评估和观察。故填observing。 4.close 分析比较题。由第三段第二句. Lead author Sophie Moullin said that when her team looked at large scale representative studies in a number of countries they all found, from their observations, that between 38% and 42% of children suffered from poor attachment in all the different study locations知这位科学家的团队在大规模的分析案例,发现38%——42%的孩子学习表现差。这与英国40%的学习困难同学数据很接近。故填close。 5.attachment 细节理解题。由第四段倒数第二句Secure attachment really helps children with emotional and social development知情感交流可以真正帮助孩子情感和社交行为的发展,那么没有足够的情感交流则会带来负面影响。故填attachment。 6.lack 细节理解题。由第五段“Better bonding between parents and babies could lead to more social mobility,知良好的纽带关系可以形成更好的社会适应性,反之,缺乏则会导致很多不适应。故填lack。 7.biggest 细节理解题。由倒数第二段倒数第一句with a 19—month school readiness gap between the most and least advantaged children by the age of five.知在5岁时,学校的认知差距最明显。故填biggest。 8.hiding/escaping 细节理解题。由第三段倒数第二句with insecure children more likely to leave school early or duck out of employment or training.知没有安全感的孩子更有可能早期辍学、逃避工作和训练。故填hiding/escaping。 9.status 细节理解题。由倒数第一段第一句the fundamental role secure attachment could have in narrowing that school readiness gap and improving children’s life chances.知安全感可以减少学校认知差距,提高孩子未来生活质量。提升社会地位。故填status。 10. 归纳总结题。由最后一句话More support from health visitors, children’s centers together with local authorities in helping parents improve how they bond with young children could play a role in narrowing the education gap. 知我们需要健康中心、儿童中心、当地政府的合作,才能帮助父母与孩子建立感情联系,缩小教育差距。故填combined/joint。 考点:考查考生信息提取归纳、总结凝练能力
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ELMONT, N. Y. (AP)---Elmont High School senior Harold Ekeh had a planhe would apply to 13 colleges , including all eight Ivy League schools, figuring it would help his chances of getting into at least one great school.

It worked, And then some, The teenager from Long Island was accepted at all 13 schools, and now faces his next big test: deciding where to go.

I was stunned, I was really shocked, Ekeh told The Associated Press during an interview Tuesday at his home near the Belmont Park racetrack, his four younger brothers running around.

He found out last week he had been accepted to Princeton University. That made him eight for eight in the Ivy Leaguehe had already been accepted to Yale University , Brown University, Columbia University , Cornell University , Dartmouth College, Harvard University and University of Pennsylvania. His other acceptances came from Johns Hopkins University, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, New York University, Stony Brook University and Vanderbilt University.

We are so proud of him, said his mother , Roseline Ekeh.“Hard work, dedication, prayer brought him to where he is today.

Born in Nigeria, Harold was eight years old when his parents brought the family to the United States.

It was kind of difficult adjusting to the new environment and the new culture, he said. But he saw his parents working hard, “and I took their example and decides to apply myself

He referenced that effort in his college essay, writing, “Like a tree, uprooted and replanted, I could have withered in a new country surrounded by people and languages I did not understand. Yet, I witnessed my parents persevere despite the potential to give in. I faced my challenges with newfound zeal; I risked insults, spending my break talking to unfamiliar faces, ignoring their sarcastic remarks.

Harold is tremendously focused in everything he does. said John Capozzi, the schools principal, “Hes a great role model. All the students and faculty are so proud of him.

Harold is the second Long Island student in as many years to get into all eight Ivies. Last year, William Floyd High Schools Kwasi Enim chose to go to Yale.

Harold, who has a 100. 51 grade-point average and wants to be a neurosurgeon, said he was leaning toward Yale, and had heard from Enin, offering congratulations. Like Enin, hes likely to announce his college choice at a press conference later this month. The deadline to decide is May 1.

1.Which is closest in meaning to the underlined phrase“apply myself”?

A. Word hard.               B. Write to the college.

C. Make a formal request.   D. Make an adjustment.

2.Which of the following is true about Harold?

A. He was born into a Nigerian family in the US.

B. He planted a tree once he moved to the US,

C. He was always welcome and popular in his schools.

D. He paid a lot to make his way to offeres from all Ivies.

3.Harold is probably going to

A. Harvard   B. Princeton   C. Yale    D. MIT

4.What can we infer from this passage?

A. Too many cooks spoil the soup.

B. He who laughs last laughs best.

C. One can kill two birds with one stone.

D. Chance favors only the prepared mind.

 

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Knots are the kind of stuff that even myths are made of.In the Greek legend of the Gordian knot, for example, Alexander the Great used his sword to slice through a knot that had failed all previous attempts to unite it. Knots, enjoy a long history of tales and fanciful names such as “Englishman’s tie, ” “and “cat’s paw. ” Knots became the subject of serious scientific investigation when in the 1860s the English physicist William Thomson (known today as Lord Kelvin) proposed that atoms were in fact knotted tubes of ether(醚). In order to be able to develop the equivalent of a periodic table of the elements, Thomson had to be able to classify knots — find out which different knots were possible. This sparked a great interest in the mathematical theory of knots.

A mathematical knot looks very much like a familiar knot in a string, only with the string’s ends joined. In Thomson’s theory, knots could, in principle at least, model atoms of increasing complexity, such as the hydrogen, carbon, and oxygen atoms, respectively. For knots to be truly useful in a mathematical theory, however, mathematicians searched for some precise way of proving that what appeared to be different knots were really different the couldn’t be transformed one into the other by some simple manipulation(操作). Towards the end of the nineteenth century, the Scottish mathematician Peter Guthrie Tait and the University of Nebraska professor Charles Newton Little published complete tables of knots with up to ten crossings. Unfortunately, by the time that this heroic effort was completed, Kelvin’s theory had already been totally discarded as a model for atomic structure. Nevertheless, even without any other application in sight, the mathematical interest in knot theory continued at that point for its own sake. In fact, mathematical became even more fascinated by knots. The only difference was that, as the British mathematician Sir Michael Atiyah has put it, “the study of knots became a special branch of pure mathematics.

Two major breakthroughs in knot theory occurred in 1928 and in 1984. In 1928, the American mathematician James Waddell Alexander discovered an algebraic expression that uses the arrangement of crossings to label the knot. For example, t2-t+1 or t2-3t+1, or else. Decades of work in the theory of knots finally produced the second breakthrough in 1984. The New Zealander-American mathematician Vaughan Jones noticed an unexpected relation between knots and another abstract branch of mathematics, which led to the discovery of a more sensitive invariant known as the Jones polynomial.

1.What is surprising about knots?

A. They originated from ancient Greek legend.

B. The study of knots is a branch of mathematics.

C. Knots led to the discovery of atom structure.

D. Alexander the Great made knots well known.

2.What does the underlined word “that” in Paragraph 3 refer to?

A. No other application found except tables of knots.

B. The study of knots meeting a seemingly dead end.

C. Few scientist showing interest in knots.

D. The publication of complete tables of knots.

3.According to the passage, ______ shows the most updated study about knots.

A. t2-t+1                B. t2-3t+1

C. Alexander polynomial D. Jones polynomial

4.Which one would be the best title for this passage?

A. Mathematicians VS Physicians

B. To be or Knot to be

C. Knot or Atom

D. Knot VS Mathematics

 

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Obviously!

Until Descartes came along in the seventeenth century, everyone assumed that we exited. Obviously. The fact seemed so mind-blowing obvious that it wasnt really discussed. We could see ourselves in the mirror, we could feel pain and pleasure, we could think thoughts for ourselves and, more importantly, perhaps, all the worlds main religions assumed that we do exist. So we exist.

 

No you dont it!

You dont exist. Thats because its impossible to show once and for all that you do. Theres no proof. You might think you exist-that you are sitting at a table reading this book, for instance-but how could you show with 100 percent certainty that this is true? Theres no experiment that could prove it. Although Descartes said just you could prove your own existence by the fact that you are able to think, this isnt actually, according to the British philosopher A. J. Ayer. Just because we know that we are thinking, this doesnt mean that there is a you doing the thinking. It just shows that the thoughts are happening, not that anyone is having them. Thoughts exists, You dont.

_____________!

What a waste of time this question is. Although you can argue until the end of time whether you exist or not, it doesnt get you anywhere. Unless you forget about this unanswerable question, youll be stuck thinking about it forever, and that isnt of any use to anyone. Move on. Think about something more important! This very roughly, is the view of almost all philosophers, who prefer to answer other, apparently more useful, questions.

Yes, but

You exist, but not in the way you might think. According to the great French philosopher Ren Descartes, you cant show that anything existsapart from your own self. The existence of the entire world can be doubted in one way or another, but the facts youre having thoughts shows that there might be something (thats you) having them. This let Descartes to write the famous philosophical phrase, I think before I am.

1.Which of the following can be the missing heading?

A. Forget about it            B. What a ridiculous point

C. Think about it             D. What a pointless question

2.This passage is anything but a(n)___________.

A. comment   B. discussion

C. argument   D. debate

3.The famous answer to the question Do I exist? is ___________.

A. No, you dont exist.

B. I think, therefore, I am.

C. Yes, you do exist.

D. It wont get you anywhere

 

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Dear Applicant,                                                               A

We regret to inform you that your application to the stated establishment cannot be processed at this time due to the fact that it does not exist.

After consultation with out mythical advisors we have also determined that even if it didn’t exist, the course “wandology” would be highly in demand and hence require at least two As and a B in any of the following subjects:

Advanced Spellcrafting

Mystimatics

Defence Against The Dark Arts

History of the Occult

Shaft Design

Your hand written grade sheet claiming top marks in “waving a stick about”, waving a pointy hat” and “watching Paul Daniels TV specials” sadly is not suitable for submission, however by applying through clearing you may be suitable of Liberal Arts courses. Alternatively you may wish to resubmit next year by tying your letter to an owl and hoping for the best.

On behalf of UCAS I wish you every success.

 

Yours sincerely,

 

XXX

 

Dear Duke University Admissions,                                                B

Thank you for your rejection letter of March 26, 2015. After careful consideration, I regret to inform you that I am unable to accept your refusal to offer me admission into the Fall 2015 freshman class at Duke.

This year I have been fortunate enough to receive rejection letters from the best and the brightest universities in the country. With a pool of letters so diverse and accomplished I was unable to accept the rejection letters I would have been able to only several years ago. Therefore, I will be attending Duke University's 2015 Class. I look forward to seeing you then.

Best,

Siobhan O'Dell

 

 

Dear Siobhan,                                                               C

I understand how disappointed you are that we were unable to offer you a space in our incoming class, I want to be honest with you and let you know that it’s very rare that we learn something that leads us to change our decision, in the last ten years we’ve about 500 requests for a review… and changed the decision four times

Wish you all the best~

XXX

 

1.Of the three letters, which is in response to which?

A. A---B     B. C---B       C. C---A       D. B----C

2.Chances for Duke University to change its admission decision in history were_______.

A. none     B. big    C. slim    D. hard to tell

3.What makes it impossible for the applicant to resubmit an application next year?

A. Tying the letter to an owl and send it to UCAS

B. Printing out grade sheet

C. Applying for the Liberal Arts course as an option

D. Improving his scores

4.What can we infer form the letter about college application?

A. It is disappointing for sure.

B. Rejection letters are better written than offers.

C. It is no as fun as on imagines.

D. There could be extra work beyond normal procedure.

 

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阅读下面短文,从短文后各题的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中,选出最佳选项。并在答题纸上将该项涂黑。

The opening and closing of doors are the most significant actions of mans life. What a     lies in doors!

No man knows what awaits him when he opens a door.      the most familiar room, where the clock ticks and the hearth glows red at dusk may harbor         .The worker may actually have called and      the leaking pipe. The cook may have been ill and demanded her passport.

There are many kinds of doors. Revolving doors for hotels, shops and public buildings. There are many     the busy, bustling ways of modern life. Can you     William Shakespeare or Charles Dickens skipping through a     door? There are double doors, sliding doors, stage doors and glass doors. The     and mystery of a door lies in its quality of being hidden. A glass door is not a door at all, but a window. The meaning of a door is to     what lies inside; to keep the heart in suspense.

Also, there are many ways of opening doors. There is the cheery     of elbow with which the waiter opens the kitchen door. There is the sympathetic and awful     of the dentist’s maid who opens the door into the operating room and, without speaking,     that the doctor is ready for you.

The opening of doors has in it some flavor of the     , some sense of moving into a new moment. Even in     , the opening of a door may bring relief. But the closing of doors could be     , A door closed brings     to an end. And there are degrees of sadness in the closing of doors. A door slammed is a confession of weakness. A door     shut may often be the most tragic gesture in life.

The opening and closing of doors is a part of the serious fluency of life. Life will not stay         and let us alone. We are     opening doors with hope, closing them with despair. Life     not much longer than a pipe of tobacco, and destiny knocks us out like the ashes.

1.A. mystery      B. relief        C. scenery          D. pleasure

2.A. So           B. Still         C. Even             D. Also

3.A. wishes      B. puzzles       C. surprises       D. changes

4.A. checked      B. fixed         C. wrapped         D. removed

 

5.A. essential to B. different from C. consistent with  D. typical of

6.A. imagine      B. suggest        C. catch            D. notice

7.A. stage        B. sliding       C. glass            D. revolving

8.A. symbol      B. miracle       C. sign             D. mark

9.A. busy         B. hide           C. discover        D. exhibit

10.A. knock       B. bump          C. push             D. touch

11.A. silence     B. noise          C. voice            D. peace

12.A.announce    B. admits         C. implies        D. expects

13.A. darkness    B. certainty    C. possibility     D. unknown

14.A.vain         B. hope          C. sadness        D. happiness

15.A.easy         B. terrible     C. dull            D. interesting

16.A. nothing    B. everything     C. anything       D. something

17.A. heavily    B. hurriedly     C. gently          D. firmly

18.A.still       B. calm          C. silent          D. simple

19.A.naturally    B. continually    C. obviously     D. possibly

20.A.measures     B. matches        C. reaches        D. lasts

 

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