Can you imagine a world without chocolate? It's not something I'd 1ike to do．so I was relieved to read that there’s a university with a program me to safeguard the future of chocolate!
The University of Reading，in England，has just opened a new clearing house for all the world’s new cocoa varieties．They must be quarantined(隔离检疫)before they can be grown．Why? Cocoa production hit a record high of 4．4 million tons last year but about 30％of the precious crop is regularly lost to pests and diseases．Now we don’t want that，do we?
Demand for chocolate has been increasing faster than the world supply of cocoa and researchers think that new varieties are key to solving this problem．
The University of Reading has been protecting the quality of the new crops since 1985，after it took over the task from the Royal Botanical Gardens in Kew，London．And it has improved its facilities．The leader of the institution’s cocoa project，Professor Paul Hadley，says，“One of the main issues concerning cocoa improvement is the supply of reliably clean，healthy，interesting cocoa material．”
The cocoa centre has a collection of 400 plant varieties and their greenhouse uses a lot of energy to keep them in tropical conditions．After up to two years in quarantine，clean and safe seeds are sent to some 20 countries，including several in West Africa．That’s where 75％of the cocoa used for chocolate worldwide comes from．The crop is extremely important for the local economy：it employs about two million people.
Professor Hadley says he works with a small team of skilled technicians who look after the collection．And more of us seem to count on them now．
The scientist says，“there is some concern within the industry that demand is increasing constantly，particularly in countries like China，where the standard of living is increasing and people are getting a taste for different chocolates．”
1.What is the text mainly about?
A．Safeguarding cocoa seeds．
B．Planting cocoa worldwide．
C．Keeping cocoa in greenhouse．
D．Finding the new market for cocoa．
2.The institution’s cocoa project is to_______．
A．have cocoa skin removed
B．offer more jobs to people
C．ensure the quality of cocoa
D．supply cocoa for two million people
3.What does the last paragraph tell us?
A．The taste of chocolates is changing．
B．Demand for cocoa is increasing fast．
C．People are concerned about cocoa varieties．
D．Chinese have a long history of eating chocolates．
4.What’s the purpose of the text?
A．To educate． B．To advertise．
C．To warn． D．To inform．
For decades，the San Francisco Bay area has been the heart of the computer technology industry．Many of the biggest technology companies have their headquarters in the area called Silicon Valley．But the area has not always been associated with charity(慈善)．
Now，a new generation of entrepreneurs(企业家)appears to be changing Silicon Valley．One example is Marc Benioff，a donor(捐赠者)，who has called on wealthy donors to give more to their communities．He also is the founder of Salesforce．com，a computer services company in San Francisco who has helped build a children’s hospital and given millions of dollars to non-profit organizations in the city．
Money from the technology industry has also started to change the face of charity．Benjamin Soskis writes about the history and ideas behind charity in America．His articles have appeared in The Atlantic magazine and a number of major publications．He says，traditionally，donors have given after they spent much of their lives building up wealth．Usually donors are in their 70s．But an increasing number of people appearing on the list of top donors are younger than 40 years of age．Benjamin Soskis says that is something new．“There’s a whole new model that’s appearing in which people give and accumulate at the same time．”
Some of the young donors on this year's top 50 list have started to change in the way people see charity．That is especially the case in the San Francisco area，where giving money and making money appear to be coming together．“I think it's fair to say that charity is now a part of the Silicon Valley identity．”
1.What is true of Marc Benioff?
A．He joined a non-profit organization．
B．He advised donors to build hospitals．
C．He made San Francisco a city of charity．
D．He set up the company of Salesforce．com．
2.What is special about the donors of Silicon Valley?
A．They prefer to give rather than make money．
B．They give after accumulating a lot of wealth．
C．They are much younger than the usual donors．
D．They donate more money to their communities．
3.Which of the following can be the best title for the text?
A．The age of charity
B．The changing faces of charity
C．In search of new faces
D．From computer base to charity centre
Shake Shack is a new kind of restaurant becoming more popular in the U S．The restaurants are not“fast food．”They are known as“fast casual．”
Observers say Americans want more choices and fresh food when choosing where and what to eat．This trend is one reason why the fast food restaurant McDonald’s has struggled financially．In the last quarter of 2014，McDonald’s net income dropped by about$300 million．The January earnings report brought more bad news．Worldwide sales dropped for the eighth month in a row and even more than expected．While McDonald’s is struggling to get their customers back，Shake Shack，is doing well in making money．The New York-based burger chain had a very successful IPO，or initial public offering，of shares at the end of January．On its first day of trading，Shake Shack went from$21 a share to just under$46 a share．Being part of the“fast casual”trend has helped Shake Shack．Other fast casual restaurants in the U．S．include Chipotle and Panera．
Bonnie Riggs，a restaurant expert with NPD has studied Americans’restaurant habits for almost 30 years．She says one reason why Americans like fast casual food is that it’s new．It is creative，it is something different and people like to try new things．Her study shows Americans made 61 billion visits to restaurants last year．Three out of four visits were to fast food restaurants，like McDonald’s．Fast casual is still a small percentage of restaurant visits，but it has developed fast．Just as Ms．Riggs says，“It’s growing by leaps and bounds，because they meet consumers’needs．They know it's being prepared while they wait，it’s fresh，quality food，good tasting food at what they say are reasonable and affordable prices．”
Many Americans still like their fast food．They just are not going as often．They are finding other ways to have a meal．
1.What is the trouble with McDonald’s?
A．Its share goes down to$21．
B．Shake Shack has taken its place．
C．It’s not popular with Americans．
D．Its sales and income have dropped．
2.We can learn from Bonnie Riggs that Americans____________．
A．1ike to try something new
B．care only about the quality
C．don’t like fast food any more
D．pay more restaurant visits to fast casual
3.What does the underlined phrase“by leaps and bounds”in Paragraph 3 mean?
A．Steadily． B．Rapidly．
C．Slowly． D．Normally．
4.Which of the following best describes fast casual?
A．Fresh-made and tasty．
B．High-quality and expensive．
C．Farm-to-table and traditional．
D．Time-consuming and special．
书面表达
为了减少食物浪费 ，中国最近开展了“光盘行动”。假如你是某校的学生李华，请以“Against Food Waste”为问题，写一篇120字左右短文，拟发表在学校网站英文版上。内容包括如下 ：
1．就餐浪费现象描述：据报道，每年全国在餐馆被倒掉的食物估计可养活2亿人
2．就餐浪费的原因
3．提出你的倡议
注意：陈述要点，可适当发挥，不要简单翻译。
短文改错
假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两赴，每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。
增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（八），并在其下面写出该加的词。
删除：把多余的词用斜线（＼）划掉。
修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。
注意：1．每处错误及其修改均限一词。
2．只允许修改10处，多者（从第11处起）不计分。
When I was a child, I spent more than ten years learn the violin．Therefore, I couldn't understand "real music"．After I graduated at high school, a friend of mine suggested that we started to learn the guitar because we all thought it was cool．l will never forget the day on that we went to buy guitars in the guitar store． There I saw a guitar player playing the guitar, which I really enjoyed．He became my the first guitar teacher．It took me such a long time choose a guitar among several wonderful model．Now the guitar is the most importantly part of my life and I practice it every day.
Minimalism （简约主义） is a term that describes movements in various forms of art and design, especially visual art and music, where the work is reduced to its most basic features．
As for me, minimalism functions well not in art or design, but in my daily life．
When I was packing for university, I found it extremely difficult to let go of some of the things I owned． I knew I couldn’t take everything with me, but I kept asking myself “how could I possibly throw this away?”, “what if I need it one day?”, and “what about all of the memories?” Now that I’ve moved, and left that stuff behind, I don’t even miss it． Whether or not I got rid of it, it barely makes a bit of difference to me now．
I’ve learned that over time people forget, or their need for a particular object eventually disappears． Either they store it away or they get rid of it．
You might think nostalgically（怀旧的） about the toys you cared about when you were a child, but what is making you smile now is not the thing itself but the memory of it． I’ve heard it a hundred times, “you don’t need things to make you happy．” It takes something life-changing like moving across the country to realize how true this is．
Speaking of which, for a lot of people, minimalism is about able to move． It’s about being able to go almost anywhere at any time because you don’t have many possessions to carry． When you keep things you don’t need they become a burden that ties you to a place． Moving to university was a good time to let go of a lot of stuff． And when I visit for the holidays, I’ll probably get rid of even more, to lighten the burden．
Of course there are exceptions． There are some things that are irreplaceable, very rare or expensive or we simply love and cherish for some reason or another, since we are humans． But after we keep those, how much is left that we don’t really need?
Hence, minimalism． And why does minimalism bring happiness? That was a bit of a roundabout way of saying that, it’s because what really makes me happy is freedom． And the key to freedom is minimalism because minimalism reduces our attachment to things．
Attachment to too many objects creates a great mess and can severely hold back our freedom to do whatever we want, while minimalism helps us start new projects, move, travel, learn new things, work, expand, be debt-free, be healthy – really living life to our full potential．
I left the nest to fly onwards and upwards, I can’t do it with old things weighing me down． And that is why I have adopted minimalism with open arms．
1.In paragraph l, the writer gives the definition of minimalism to ．
A．introduce a topic B．present his own idea
C．describe a scene D．offer an argument
2.Many people don’t want to let go of some of their belongings because ．
A．they haven’t had any life-changing experiences
B．they fear their memories will be gone with the thrown-away stuff
C．they hope to live life to their full potential by storing things away
D．they may have to change their lifestyle because of the loss of them
3.Which of the following is NOT the reason why the writer favors “minimalism” in life?
A．It takes the burden off her while she is moving．
B．It reduces her attachment to her personal things．
C．It enables her to gain the freedom that she desires．
D．It helps her to realize how true life is．
4.By saying “there are exceptions”, the writer means
A．little is left if we keep what we cherish most in our life
B．minimalism should be practised accordingly in different situations
C．minimalism is a method difficult to employ in reality
D．life is full of exceptions so it’s difficult to preserve what we value
5.What’s the main idea of the passage?
A．Minimalism brings happiness．
B．Minimalism is applied in many fields．
C．Minimalism makes people think nostalgically．
D．Minimalism is about able to move．
