The temperature of the sun is over 5,000 degrees Fahrenheit at the surface, but it rises to perhaps more than 16 million degrees at the center. The sun is so much hotter than the earth that matter can exist only as a gas, except at the core(核心). In the core of the sun, the pressures are so great against the gases that, despite the high temperature, there may be a small solid core. However, no one really knows, since the center of the sun can never be directly observed.
Solar astronomers do know that the sun is divided into five layers or zones. Starting at the outside and going down into the sun, the zones are the corona, chromosphere, photosphere, convection zone and finally the core. The first three zones are regarded as the sun’s atmosphere. But since the sun has no solid surface, it is hard to tell where the atmosphere ends and the main body of the sun begins.
The sun’s outermost layer begins about 10,000 miles above the visible surface and goes outward for millions of miles. This is the only part of the sun that can be seen during an eclipse (日食) such as the one in February 1979. At any other time, the corona can be seen only when special instruments are used on cameras and telescopes to shut out the glare(刺眼的强光)of the sun’s rays.
The corona is a brilliant, pearly white, filmy light, about as bright as the full moon. Its beautiful rays are a sensational sight during an eclipse. The corona’s rays flash out in a brilliant fan that has wispy spikelike (一束束穗状) rays near the sun’s north and south poles. The corona is thickest at the sun’s equator.
The corona rays are made up of gases streaming outward at tremendous speeds and reaching a temperature of more than 2 million degrees Fahrenheit. The rays of gas thin out as they reach the space around the planets. By the time the sun’s corona rays reach the earth, they are weak and invisible.
1.Matter on the sun can exist only in the form of gas because of the sun’s ______.
A. size B. age
C. location D. temperature
2.With what topic is the second paragraph mainly concerned?
A. How the sun evolved.
B. The structure of the sun.
C. Why scientists study the sun.
D. The distance of the sun from the planets.
3.All of the following are parts of the sun’ s atmosphere EXCEPT the _______.
A. corona B. chromosphere
C. photosphere D. core
4.The paragraph following the passage most likely discusses which of the following?
A. The remaining layers of the sun.
B. The evolution of the sun to its present form.
C. The eclipse of February 1979.
D. Scientists will cost more money on researching the corona.
To master a language one must be able to speak and understand the spoken language as well as to read and write．Lenin and his wife Krupskaya translated a long English book into Russian．But when they went to England in 1980, English people couldn’t understand what was said to them．These days more foreigners are coming to China and more and more Chinese are going out to foreign countries to work or study．So the spoken language is becoming more and more important．
Speaking, of course, can’t go without listening．If you want to pronounce a word correctly, first you must hear it correctly．The sounds of the Chinese and English language are not exactly the same．If you don’t listen carefully, you’ll find it difficult or even impossible to understand the native speakers．
Well, what about writing? Like speaking, it’s to exchange ideas．People generally use shorter words and shorter sentences in their writing．The important thing is to make your idea in your head and then to write it in clear lively language．
Chinese students read far too slowly．If you read fast, you understand better．If you read too slowly, by the time you have reached the end of a page you have forgotten what the beginning is about．When you meet with new words, don’t look them up in the dictionary．Guess the meaning from the context(上下文)．You may not guess quite correctly the first time, but as new words come up again and again in different contexts, their meaning will become clearer and clearer．If you look up every word, you’ll never finish a book．
Students of a foreign language need a particular knowledge, the knowledge of the life, history and geography of the people whose language they’re studying．They should study these subjects in the foreign language, not only in translation．In this way one can kill two birds with one stone: learn a foreign language and get some knowledge of the foreign country at the same time．
1.In the first paragraph the writer tells us ．
A．how to speak English
B．how to read and write
C．why spoken English is important
D．why English people couldn’t understand Lenin
2.In his last point the writer advises us ．
A．to kill two birds with one stone
B．to learn two languages at a time
C．to study all the subjects in a foreign language
D．to get some knowledge of the foreign country whose language you are studying．
3.In the fourth paragraph the writer give some advice on ．
A．how to read faster
B．how to guess the meaning from the context
C．how to look up new words in the dictionary
D．how to grasp the general meaning of a passage
4.“To kill two birds with one stone” means ．
A．to get some particular knowledge
B．to get more than what one pays
C．the stone is too big
D．the birds are blind enough
Specialists say that it is not easy to get used to life in a new culture. “Culture shock” is the term these specialists use when talking about the feelings that people have in a new environment. There are three stages of culture shock, say the specialists. In the first stage, the newcomers like their new environment. Then, when the fresh experience dies, they begin to hate the city, the country, the people, and everything else. In the last stage, the newcomers begin to adjust to (适应) their surroundings and, as a result, enjoy their life more.
There are some obvious factors in culture shock. The weather may be unpleasant. The customs may be different. The public service systems—the telephone, post office, or transportation—may be difficult to work out. The simplest things seem to be big problems. The language may be difficult.
Who feels culture shock? Everyone does in this way or that. But culture shock surprises most people. Very often the people having the worst culture shock are those who never had any difficulties in their home countries and were successful in their community. Coming to a new country, these people find they do not have the same established positions. They find themselves without a role, almost without an identity. They have to build a new self-image.
Culture shock gives rise to a feeling of disorientation. This feeling may be homesickness. When homesick(想家), people feel like staying inside all the time. They want to protect themselves from the strange environment, and create an escape inside their room for a sense of security. This escape does solve the problem of culture shock for the short term, but it does nothing to make the person familiar with the culture. Getting to know the new environment and gaining experience—these are the long-term solutions to the problem of culture shock.
1.According to the passage, factors that give rise to culture shock include all of the following except _____.
A. language communication
B. weather conditions and customs
C. public service systems
D. homesickness
2.According to the passage, the more successful you are at home, __________.
A, the fewer difficulties you may have abroad
B. the more difficulties you may have abroad
C. the more money you will earn abroad
D. the less homesick you will feel abroad
3.The underlined word in the last paragraph mostly probably means ________.
A. being homesick B. being lost
C. protecting oneself D. gaining experience
4.What is the main idea of the last paragraph?
A. Escape unfamiliar environment
B. The feeling of homesickness.
C. Homesickness can solve the problem of culture shock.
D. The best way to overcome culture shock: get familiar with the new culture.
It feels like every time my mother and I start to have a conversation, it turns into an argument. We talk about something as simple as dinner plans and suddenly, my mother will push the conversation into World War 3. She’ll talk about my lack of bright future because I don’t plan to be a doctor. And much to her disappointment, I don’t want to do any job related to science, either. In fact, when I was pushed to say that I planned to major(主修) in English and communications, she nearly had a heart attack.
“Why can’t you be like my co-worker’s son?” she bemoans (哀叹) all the time. Her coworker’s son received a four-year scholarship and is now earning 70,000 dollars a year as an engineer. I don’t know what to answer except that I simply can’t be like Mr. Perfect as I’ve called the unnamed co-worker’s son. I can’t be like him. I am the type of the person who loved to help out in the community, write until the sun goes down, and most of all, wants to achieve a career because I love it, not because of a fame or salary.
I understand why my mother is worried about my future major. I’ve seen my mother struggle to raise me on her small salary and work long hours. She leaves the house around 6:30 am and usually comes home around 5 pm or even 6pm. However, I want her to know that by becoming a doctor, it doesn’t mean I’ll be successful. I’d rather follow my dreams and create my own future.
1.Which of the following topics do the writer and his mother often talk about?
A. the writer’s studies B. the writer’s future job
C. dinner plans D. wars around the world
2. We can infer from Paragraph 1 that the writer’s mother _____.
A. doesn’t want the writer to major English
B. doesn’t think the writer should be a doctor
C. gets along very well with the writer
D. doesn’t think working in the scientific field is a good idea
3.Which of the following statements is probably TRUE about the writer?
A. He wants to be like his mother’s co-worker’s son.
B. He wants to find a job in his community in the future.
C. He doesn’t think his mother’s co-worker’s son is perfect.
D. He wants to do something he really likes in the future.
书面表达
假设你是李华，你们班的英语老师要求每个同学在课堂上分享自己交友的经验。请你根据所给提示，用英语写一篇发言稿。
1. 你是如何看待友谊的；
2. 你是怎么选择朋友的；
3. 你是如何维持与朋友之间的友谊的。
注意: 1. 词数100左右；2. 可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
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短文改错
假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处，每处错误涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。
增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（∧），并在其下面写出该加的词。
删除：把多余的词用斜线（＼）划掉。
修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。
注意：1. 每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；
2. 只允许修改10处，多者（从第11处起）不计分。
Yesterday I was gone home by the bus and my father was going to pick me up at the station. On the bus, I see a young woman with several bags of heavier books get on. I wanted to offer her my seat, and I didn’t. In my surprise, she and I got off at the same stations later. After a short conversation, I learned she had to walk a long way home. So I offered give her a ride and she accepted. When thinking of this experience, I was sad that she didn’t do the right thing the first time on the bus. But I was very happy to have a second chance to doing it.
