Question

阅读下面短文，从各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。

Scientists have learned a great deal in the last thirty years by studying people as they sleep. They study the bodily characteristics that change during sleep. They have learned that there is one kind of sleep which causes rapid eye movement ( REM ) and another kind with no rapid eye movement (NREM).

Sleep is divided into three stages. In stage one, when you start to go to sleep, you have a pleasant floating feeling. In stage two, you sleep more deeply, and a noise will probably not wake you up. In stage three, the brain waves are less active.  This third stage is when you dream, REM tends to signal that we are dreaming. For the rest of the night, you alternate between REM and NREM sleep.

Sleep is a biological need, but your brain never really sleeps. The things that are on your mind during the day are still there at night. They appear as dreams. Researchers say that normal people may have four or five REM periods of dreaming each night. The first one may begin only a half hour after they fall asleep, and the final one may last up to an hour. Nightmares (a frightening dream) usually happen toward the early morning.

Besides dreaming, snoring is also common in one's sleep. People snore because they have trouble breathing while they are asleep. Some snorers have a condition called apnea. They stop breathing up to thirty or forty times an hour because the throat muscles relax too much and block the airway. After a period of time, the brain will signal the person to start breathing again.  During this time a person will snore. This is a dangerous condition, because once the brain is without oxygen for four minutes there could be serious brain damage. Sleep apnea can also cause irregular heartbeats, high blood pressure, and a general lack of energy.

What should you do if you have trouble sleeping? Lots of people take sleeping pills, but these are dangerous because they can be addictive. Doctors say the best thing is to try to relax and to avoid bad habits.

Sleep is important to humans. In an average lifetime, 220, 000 hours are spent sleeping, so we need to understand everything we can about sleep. Sweet dreams!

1.Sleep is a(an) ________ need for humans.

A. emotional         B. mental

C. biological      D. psychological

2.Which of the following conditions is NOT caused by sleep apnea?

A. A heart attack.

B. A lack of energy.

C. Irregular heartbeats.

D. High blood pressure.

3.We can learn from the article that ____________.

A. our brains can get a good rest when we are asleep

B. it's impossible to stop the habit of taking sleeping pills

C. REM and NREM are ways to see if people are in a deep sleep.

D. in stage two people will probably not wake up if they hear a noise.

4.Where is the article probably from?

A. A sports guidebook.

B. A health magazine.

C. A fashion website.

D. A news report.

Answer

1.C

2.A

3.D

4.B

【解析】

试题分析：本文属于科普说明文，主要介绍人类的睡眠分为三个阶段以及这三个不同的阶段的特点。

1.C 细节理解题。根据第三段第一句Sleep is a biological need, but your brain never really sleeps.可知睡眠是一种生理需要。故C正确。

2.A 细节理解题。根据第四段最后一句Sleep apnea can also cause irregular heartbeats, high blood pressure, and a general lack of energy.可知呼吸暂停会导致心律不齐，高血压和精力不足。A项并没有提及。故A正确。

3.D 细节理解题。根据第二段第三句In stage two, you sleep more deeply, and a noise will probably not wake you up.可知在睡眠的第二阶段，你睡得更深。噪音也无法把你吵醒。故D项说法正确。

4.

【名师点睛】

本文主要考查细节理解题。细节题也是高考阅读理解中主要的考查题型，要想处理好这一题型，一定要了解干扰项的设置方法。一般说来，阅读理解中细节理解题的干扰项的设置手法体现在下列几个原则：

1．包含项原则

在答案选项分析中，假如对A选项的理解概括了对其它三项 (或其中某一项)的理、解，那么我们就说选项A与其他三项是包含或概括关系，包含项A往往就是正确答案。如在“花”与“玫瑰”两选项中，正确答案肯定是“花”，花包含了玫瑰,因为玫瑰肯定是花，但花并不一定是玫瑰。

2．正反项原则

所谓正反项，是指两选项陈述的命题完全相矛盾。根据形式逻辑排中律知识：两个相互矛盾的判断不能都是假的，其中必有一真。所以在阅读理解中，假如四选项中A、B互为正反项，那我们通常先排除C、D项，正确答案一般在A、B项当中取其一。

3．委婉项原则

所谓委婉，这里是指说话不能说死，要留有余地。阅读理解选项中语气平和、委婉的往往是正确答案。这些选项一般含有不十分肯定或试探性语气的表达，如：probably, possibly, may, usually, might, most of, more or less,relatively, be likely to, not necessary, although,

yet, in addition，tend to，be liable to等等，而含有绝对语气的表达往往不是正确答案，如：must, always, never, the most,all, every, any, merely, only, completely, none, hardly, already等等。

考点：考查科普类阅读