Question

任务型阅读

请认真阅读下列短文，并根据所读内容在文章后表格中的空格里填入一个最恰当的单词。

注意：每个空格只填1个单词。请将答案写在答题卡上相应题号的横线上。

Child sponsorship moves beyond the basics

One of the most popular forms of charitable giving in use today is child sponsorship as witnessed by the fact that just one of the leading child sponsorship charities currently has over 1 million individual child sponsors worldwide. Despite this huge level of support, it is not generally understood exactly what child sponsorship actually involves.

Most people tend to assume that one’s chosen charity arranges for sponsors to be matched up with an underprivileged child in one of the poorer underdeveloped countries. The idea is that you essentially take a child under your wing and act almost like a fairy godmother or father until he or she attains adulthood and can stand on his or her own two feet.

To a large extent, this is a pretty accurate impression. New sponsors are matched with individual children and can typically choose which country, which sex and which age group they would prefer. They then exchange photos and letters on a regular basis. This obviously helps the sponsors to see at first-hand how their donations are benefiting the children.

The sponsorship itself costs approximately £15 per month and many donators choose to sponsor more than one child at once. One common wrong impression about these regular donations is that they go direct to the child’s parents or guardian in order to pay for essentials such as food or education. In reality, some of the longest established child sponsorship charities have found that this is largely ineffective and can cause anger among other children in the community who might not be so fortunate.

Instead, some of the largest charities prefer to pool total donations and carry out larger schemes to assist the whole community. Nor are all the funds diverted (分配使用) towards obvious short term relief like providing food, water and basic healthcare. There is a strong emphasis on self-help and personal development so that future generations will be self-sustaining and not so reliant on outside assistance.

To this end, sponsors will often find their donations finding their way into things like training courses to teach teenagers how to farm, small grants (补助金) for business start-ups and introducing the concept of village-based savings and loan organizations.

There is no doubt that the top sponsorship charities have been active for so long in many countries that they are now taking a leading role in aiding the overall welfare of children and ensuring that they are not exposed to discrimination and abuse.

Child sponsorship moves beyond the basics
Passage outline	Supporting details
Current 1.  of child sponsorship	◇Child sponsorship has enjoyed great popularity and huge support. ◇What it actually involves is not quite 2.  to the general public.
A usual practice of child sponsorship	◇Donators help them until they grow up and can 3.  themselves. ◇The charity4.  the underprivileged children with sponsors according to their preference. ◇Sponsors keep in5.  with the children to know what’s going on with the donation. ◇Donations go to the children’s parents or guardians to pay for essentials, which proves 6.  .
A new practice of child sponsorship	◇Charities 7.  larger schemes covering the whole community by gathering the individual donations. ◇The schemes include training teenagers, 8.  their business start-ups and developing their financial awareness. ◇It9. personal development and independence for future generations by focusing on larger schemes.
Conclusion	◇Thanks to the 10.  efforts of child sponsorship, the overall welfare and the rights of children are guaranteed.

Answer

1.situation(s)/ state(s)

2.clear/ familiar/ known

3.support

4.matches

5.contact/ touch

6.ineffective

7.undertake/ conduct/ perform

8.funding/ financing

9.emphasizes/ highlights/ underlines/ stresses

10.consistent/ continuous/ constant

【解析】

试题分析：本文介绍了儿童赞助的一些状况和偏离基本出发点的具体表现，以及各种组织所作出的不断努力，改变了原有状况。

1.situation(s)/ state(s) 考查总结能力，根据后面格子里的信息，可知是现在儿童赞助的现状、情形如何。

2.clear/ familiar/ known 考查句型转换，将it is not generally understood exactly换一种说法，这事被理解的不确切，也就是不为公众所知，所熟悉。

3.support 考查细节理解能力。由第二段最后一句 until he or she attains adulthood and can stand on his or her own two feet.可知，直到他成年，可以自食其力。也就是能自己养活自己。

4.matches 考查句型转换题。根据文中第四段New sponsors are matched with individual children and can typically choose which country, which sex and which age group they would prefer.可以看出，新的赞助者可以根据自己喜好选择他们想要帮助的孩子。

5.contact/ touch 考查细节理解题，从第五段They then exchange photos and letters on a regular basis.可见，赞助者和受赞助者之间通过交换照片和信件保持联系。

6.ineffective 考查细节理解题，从第六段some of the longest established child sponsorship charities have found that this is largely ineffective 可知，从有些长期赞助的情况来看，这种方式是没有效率的。

7.undertake/ conduct/ perform 考查同义词转换，从倒数第二段some of the largest charities prefer to pool total donations and carry out larger schemes to assist the whole community.可以看出，carry out 的同义词转化。

8.funding/ financing 考查细节理解题，从倒数第二段like training courses to teach teenagers how to farm, small grants (补助金) for business start-ups 可以看出。

9.emphasizes/ highlights/ underlines/ stresses 考查细节理解题，从倒数第三段最后一句 There is a strong emphasis on self-help and personal development so that future generations will be self-sustaining and not so reliant on outside assistance.可以看出，重点强调自助和个人发展，这样的话将来的一代代人将能够持续自我发展，而不是靠外界给予的帮助。

10.consistent/ continuous/ constant 考查细节理解题及同义词转换，从最后一段 the top sponsorship charities have been active for so long 可以看出，这些组织都一直不断的在努力。

考点：考查短文理解及语法的正确使用。

【名师点睛】

任务型阅读中的细节理解可以细化为：（1）一一对应型。答案与题目在表达形式和意义上直接吻合，一一对应，一目了然。属于浅层次的阅读试题，分数比例较少。如本题的74、76、79题。（2）语言转述型。这是一类间接事实细节题，答案与题目在意义上从分运用了词义之间的转述关系，即正确选项是原文有关词语和句子的另类表达。属于中档难度题，分数比例较大。如本题中的72、75题。（3）语意理解型。这是一类深层事实细节理解题，答案与题目之间存在着一定的逻辑联系，这种联系需要建立在事实的基础上通过上、下文来进行判断、分析、归纳和整合，才能得出正确答案。属于较高难度的事实细节题。