Question

When other nine-year-old kids were playing games, she was working at a petrol station . When other teens were studying or going out, she struggled to find a place to sleep on the street. But she overcame these terrible setbacks to win a highly competitive scholarship and gain entry to Harvard University. And her amazing story has inspired a movie, “ Homeless to Harvard: The Liz Murray Story”, shown in late April.

Liz Murray，a 22-year-old American girl, has been writing a real-life story of willpower and determination. Liz grew up in the shadow of two drug-addicted parents. There was never enough food or warm clothes in the house. Liz was the only member who had a job. Her mother had AIDS and died when Liz was just 15 years old. The effect of that loss became a turning point in her life. Connecting the environment in which she had grown up with how her mother had died, she decided to do something about it.

Liz went back to school. She threw herself into her studies, never telling her teachers that she was homeless. At night, she lived on the streets. “ What drove me to live on had something to do with understanding, by understanding that there was a whole other way of being. I had only experienced a small part of the society,” she wrote in her book Breaking Night.

She admitted that she used envy to drive herself on. She used the benefits that come easily to others such as a safe living environment, to encourage herself  that “next to nothing could hold me down”. She finished high school in just two years and won a full scholarship to study at Harvard University. But Liz decided to leave her top university a couple of months earlier this year in order to take care of her father, who has also developed AIDS. “I love my parents so much. They are drug addicts. But I never forget that they loved me all the time.”

Liz wants moviegoers to come away with the idea that changing your life is “as simple as making a decision”.

1.The main idea of the passage is __________ .

A. how Liz managed to enter Harvard University

B. What a hard time Liz had in her childhood

C. why Liz loved her parents so much

D. how Liz struggled to change her life

2.In which order did the following things happen to Liz ?

a. Her mother died of AIDS.

b. She worked at a petrol station.

c. She got admission into Harvard University.

d. The movie about her life was put on.

e. She had trouble about finding a place to sleep.

A. b, a , e , c, d    B. a , b , c , e , d

C. e , d, b , a , c     D. b , e , a , d , c

3.What actually made her go towards her goal ?

A. Envy and encouragement.

B. Willpower and determination .

C. Decisions and understanding.

D. Love and respect for her parents.

4.When she wrote “What drove me to live on … I had only experienced a small part of the society”, she meant that __________ .

A. she had little experience of social life.

B. she could hardly understand the society.

C. she would do something for her own life.

D. she needed to travel more around the world.

Answer

1.D

2.A

3.B

4.C

【解析】

试题分析：本文讲述了美国的一个女孩靠自己的意志力和决心，克服了种种困难，考取了哈佛大学的故事。

1.D 主旨大意题。根据文章首尾段And her amazing story has inspired a movie, “ Homeless to Harvard: The Liz Murray Story”, shown in late April.和 Liz wants moviegoers to come away with the idea that changing your life is “as simple as making a decision”可知本文主要是关于Liz是如何通过坚强的意志力和努力来改变自己的人生的故事，在中间两段中介绍了具体的信息。故D正确。

2.A 细节排序题。本题可以使用排除法。根据第二段第四句Liz was the only member who had a job.可知他是家里唯一的工作的人，所以b项第一；根据第四句Her mother had AIDS and died when Liz was just 15 years old.可知a项第二；根据第三段第一句Liz went back to school.妈妈去世以后，她重新回到学校，结合第一段第二句When other teens were studying or going out, she struggled to find a place to sleep on the street.可知e项第三；后来她被哈佛录取，说明c项第四；最后关于她的电影上演,d项最后。故A项顺序正确。

3.B. 推理判断题。根据第一段第三句But she overcame these terrible setbacks to win a highly competitive scholarship and gain entry to Harvard University.和第三段第一句She admitted that she used envy to drive herself on. She used the benefits that come easily to others such as a safe living environment, to encourage herself that “next to nothing could hold me down”. 可知真正让她克服困难并被哈佛录取的是她的意志力和决心，嫉妒和羡慕最后还是要归为决心。故B正确。

4.C 推理判断题。根据本句“ What drove me to live on had something to do with understanding, by understanding that there was a whole other way of being. I had only experienced a small part of the society,”驱使她前进的与她的理解有关，她知道还有另外一种存在的方式，这种存在方式和她之前的生活方式完全不一样，也就是说她要为自己的新生活做些改变。故C项正确。

【名师点睛】

本文5.

1、把握文章逻辑结构：把握文章逻辑结构对于做主旨题很有帮助，因为文章主题出现的位置对应于文章逻辑结构中的一个部分。高考阅读理解文章的主要逻辑结构有：

1). 时间顺序。按时间先后说明某一理论的发展，或某一研究成果由过去至现在的情况。属于这种结构的主题通常在首段或末段。

2). 文章按照“总括，一般”的逻辑结构布局。首段做总的说明，其他段落分别说明或具体论述首段的观点。属于这种结构的文章主题在首段。

3). 文章按照“一般，总括”的逻辑结构布局。前面几段分别说明，末段总结。主题在末段。 4). 文章按照“对比”的逻辑结构布局。进行对比的各事物之间的基本共同点或差异为主题。 5). 文章按照“分类”的逻辑结构布局。分类说明的各层次，各层次相加为主题。

2、抓主题句: 主题句表达文章的中心思想，其它句子均围绕它进行说明或议论。它在文章中的通常位置为第一段首句、第一段末句和全文末句等地方。所以阅读时对这些地方要特别关注。

3、概括段落大意： 往往段落大意的合并就是文章的主题句。

4、根据论述详略确定：通常与主题有关的部分有较详尽的论述，而与主题关系不够密切的部分论述较简略。

5、寻找关键词：有些段落大意就散落在关键词上。 阅读理解的问题也以如下形式出现：

1. What is the best title for/of the passage?

2. What can be inferred from the passage?

3. What does the author mainly tell us about in the text？

4. What is mainly discussed in the article/passage/text?

做答这类问题时，将阅读重点放在首尾部分，抓首段和其余各段的第一句话，把其意思连接成一个整体。要注意总结性的提示词和转折词，特别要注意中心句。（自然段少的文章中心句不很明显。自然段多的文章，主旨大意类题比较好联系中心句，找一个和中心句最贴近的选项），文章段落的中间部分则可采用略读或扫读的方式，一则省时间，二则目标明确，正确率自然也相应提高了。掌握了找主题句或中心句的方法，就可以依据主题句或中心句归纳主题。

在做此类阅读理解题时，考生要特别注意：

1．首段陷阱。即首段虽然貌似主题句或中心句，但却没有完整概括文章全意，或只片面地说到文章的某一个层次，或者是作者设置的几个需要读者判定的文意。这样的信息用来做主题句或中心句就会落入陷阱。

2. 以偏概全：这就是说此类题型的选项中往往出现这些干扰项目：

⑴．局部信息，即选项的内容小于文章的内容。考生认为此选项有含中心句的成分，就认为可以作为中心句，就犯了以点概面、以偏概全的错误。

⑵．范围过宽，即选项的内容大于文章的内容。考生认为中心句的内容全涵盖在此选项里，就认为此选项正确，就犯了外延大而内涵小的错误。

3. 过于笼统。即选项中归纳的主题太泛，与细节脱节或是没有对细节加以充分论证。这样的选项貌似与主题句接近，实则经不起推敲，不应该扰乱考生的判断。

4. 把观点强加给作者。考生往往根据自己对文章的判断而选择了与自己观点相接近的选项，而忽视了文章中客观的作者见解。

考点：考查记叙文阅读