Question

任务型阅读,请认真阅读下列短文，并根据所读内容在文章后表格中的空格里填入最恰当的单词。

注意：每空格只填1个单词。请将答案写在答题卡上相应题号的横线上。

Everybody loves self-improvement. That’s why we’re such enthusiastic consumers of “top 10” lists of things to do to be a more productive, promotable, mindful— you name it—leader. But these lists seldom work. What if we didn’t think of self-improvement as work? What if we thought of it as play—specifically, as playing with our sense of self?

Traditionally, people work on themselves, committed to doing everything in their power to change their leadership style. You set your goals and objectives, you are mindful of your time, and seek efficient solutions. You’re not going to deviate(偏离) from the straight and narrow. You focus on what you should do, especially as others see it, as opposed to what you want to do. It’s all very serious and not whole of fun. There is one right answer. Success or failure is the outcome. We judge ourselves.

In contrast, no matter what you’re up to, when you’re in “play” mode, your primary drivers are enjoyment and discovery instead of goals and objectives. You’re curious. You lose track of time. Like in all forms if play, the journey becomes more important than a pre-set destination.

Much research shows how play develops creativity and innovation. Play with your own idea of yourself is similar to playing with future possibilities. So, we stop evaluating today’s self against unachievable ideal of leadership that doesn’t really exist. We also stop trying to will ourselves to “commit” to becoming something we are not even sure we want to be—what we call the “feared self”, which is composed of images negative role models. And, we shift direction from submitting to what other people want us to be to becoming more self-authoring. As a result, when you play, you’re more creative and more open to what you might learn about yourself.

Unfortunately, we don’t often get —or give ourselves—permission to play with our sense of self. In life, we equate playfulness with the person who dips into a great variety of possibilities, never committing to any. We find inconsistency distasteful, so we exclude options that seem too far off from today’s “authentic self”, without ever giving them a try. This kills the discontinuous growth that only comes when we surprise ourselves.

Psychoanalyst Adam Phillips once said, “people tend to play only with serious things—madness, disaster, other people.” Playing with your self is a serious effort because who we might become is not knowable or predictable at the start. That’s why it’s as dangerous as it is necessary for growth.

Lead-in	●People want to improve their 1.          . ●People can apply work mode or play mode.
2.between the two mode	In work mode ●one is 3.            and sticks to his route ●one cares about others’ 4.           of his performance. ●one judges himself with one standard— success or failure
In play method ●the 5.         outweighs the outcome; ●playfulness allows people to6.            with various approaches; ●playfulness helps people obtain 7.           results.
The 8.    with application of play mode	We usually regard playfulness as equal to non-professional.
9.	10.          danger, playfulness is a must for our self-growth.

Answer

1.leadership

2.Comparison(s)/Differences

3.purposeful

4.expectation(s)

5.process

6.experiment

7.surprising/unexpected

8.problem/trouble/difficulty

9.Conclusion

10.Despite

【解析】

试题分析：人人都想成长和发展，文章中给出了两者个人成长和发展的方式：在工作中成长和在玩耍中成长。并分别介绍了这两种模式的优劣。

1.leadership 原词再现。根据第二段第一句Traditionally, people work on themselves, committed to doing everything in their power to change their leadership style.可知人们努力提高自我的目的在于提高他们的领导能力。

2.Comparison(s)/Differences 归纳总结。根据表格右边内容，可知作者把工作模式和玩耍模式进行了比较。要找出这两种模式之间的差异。所以使用名词Comparison(s)/Differences。

3.purposeful 同义句转换。根据第二段第二句You set your goals and objectives, you are mindful of your time, and seek efficient solutions.可知在工作模式中，你设立目标，心无旁骛地追求有效的解决方法。这是带有目的的，所以使用形容词purposeful。

4.expectation(s) 同义句转换。根据第二段第四句You focus on what you should do, especially as others see it, as opposed to what you want to do.可知你很在于其他人对你所做的事情的看法。所以使用expectation。

5.】process 同义句转换。根据第三段最后一句Like in all forms if play, the journey becomes more important than a pre-set destination.当在玩耍模式中的时候，过程要比之前设立的结果更重要。

6.experiment 同义句转换。根据第四段前两句Much research shows how play develops creativity and innovation. Play with your own idea of yourself is similar to playing with future possibilities.可知实验你自己的想法和实验未来的可能性是很相似的。也就是说玩耍模式让人们试验各种方法。

7.surprising/unexpected 同义句转换。根据第四段第四句We also stop trying to will ourselves to “commit” to becoming something we are not even sure we want to be—what we call the “feared self”,可知玩的时候可以让我们去做我们自己没有想到的时候。因为playfulness有创新性。所以使用形容词surprising/unexpected 修饰results。

8.】problem/trouble/difficulty 同义句转换。根据第五段第一句Unfortunately, we don’t often get —or give ourselves—permission to play with our sense of self.可知在自我提高的过程中我们经常会遇见一些问题或困难。

9.】Conclusion 总结归纳题。根据文章最后一句That’s why it’s as dangerous as it is necessary for growth.可知这是最终得出的结论。

10.

【名师点睛】

在完成任务型阅读时候，我们需要对信息进行有效处理，主要包括：

（一）捕捉信息的技巧

1．确定文章与表格之间的对应关系。

先略读短文，然后速览表格，借助所给图表结构抓住文章中心大意以及文章的脉络。并确定表格中某一行或某一列与文章中某一段落之间的对应关系。 2．确定文章中相应的句子。

在文章中标出与表格中空格前后给出的关键词句相符合或一致的句子。注意，有时表格中的语境悄悄发生了变化，有的是在空格前后“多一词”，有的”是“少一词”，还有的是“换一词”。考生如果稍不留神就会犯错。

（二）变通信息的技巧。

有许多答案是不能直接在文章中找到原句或原词的，这需要我们对文章进行加工或变通。这些变通大多与语法知识有关，也有些与短语和句型有关。

1．间接法---即基于原文某个词语的语法变形，如，主动与被动，谓语动词与非谓语动词，动词原形与动词第三人称单数形式，动词与名词，名词与形容词，形容词、副词的比较级与最高级，名词单复数等。

2．意译法---即对原文中的某句话在保持意思不变的前提下，变换一种说法。这种变换有一定的难度，要求你吃透原句意思，然后进行转换或解释。答案的来 源往往有三个方面。

（1）根据关键词的导航，在文中捕捉原始信息。

（2）根据空格前后变化了的新语境，从语法和搭配的角度对原始信息进行加工。

（3）根据单元格本身的行文规律，遵循同一栏在表达上的一致性原则，从周围单元格中确定信息最终的输出形式。

（三）概括信息的技巧

不会概括归纳的原因有两个：一是没有看懂表格里横向单元格和纵向单元格之间的逻辑关系；二是没有掌握常见的表示归纳概括的词语。

1．看懂表格。归纳概括词语往往位于表格上面的第一行或表格左边的第一列。方法通常是：看下面的单元格向上概括：看右边的单元格向左归纳。大多是归纳某一段落的大意，有时是概括全文的主旨。

归纳概括的注意事项有：

（1）大小写 （2）单复数 （3）搭配

2．掌握常见的归纳概括词语。

（1）赞成和反对的理由pros and cons （2) 优劣 advantages, disadvantages

(3) 异同 similarities, differences (4) 建议 suggestions, tips, advice

(5) 态度、观点 attitudes to/towards, opinion of

(6) 简介某个现象或问题 brief/general introduction, phenomenon(phenomena), problem(s)

3.高频词。如果我们能在平时多注意掌握一些高频词这也就能大大提高我们做题的速度。如我们常见的原因和结果：reason (for) , result; cause (of) , effect; consequence

异同点与优缺点：difference , similarity； advantage/benefit , disadvantage 功能：function

观点与态度：opinion , view (on/about) , viewpoint , idea ；attitude to/towards

评论、评价：comment (on) , remark (on/upon) , assessment

表方式、方法：means , way , method (of) solution , approach ( to doing sth. ); take measures to do sth.

目的：purpose , aim , goal

积极和消极：positive ,negative; optimistic

建议： advice [u] , suggestion , tip

概括、总结: summary , conclusion 特点： feature , characteristic

种类：kind , type , category , class

精神上与身体上：mentally ，physically

影响 : influence , impact , effect (on )

情形 ，状况 : situation，condition

建立：build , create , establish , found

出现：appear ,occur(red)

实现，完成：reach , realize , accomplish

必要，必需 : must /necessity

知识消息：knowledge / information

日程计划 : schedule / agenda

百分比：percentage

存在 : existence exist

花费 : cost / expense

人口 : population

天气与气候 : weather[u] / climate [c]

位置 : location 主题 : theme

考点：考查任务型阅读