完形填空
阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的四个选项（A、B、C、D）中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
It has often been said that a person’s life is the sum total of their experiences. That seems like a simple ________,but if one accepts this, then why do so many of us engage in practices and activities which are negative and actually ________ us?
________ the family of four who decided to each clean a different area. They each took a sponge(海绵), did the ________ , and then placed them back in the kitchen.
A visitor came along who was ________about what was cleaned in the home, but couldn’t tell by ________since the sponges all looked the same. So, in order to ________ his curiosity, he decided to squeeze each sponge to see what came out.
When the first sponge was squeezed, some cola came out, so the visitor ________ someone cleaned the kitchen with that one. Upon squeezing the second, he found motor oil, so________ , someone was cleaning the garage. In the third, baby powder came out when it was squeezed, which________that the baby’s nursery was done. And ________ ,in the last one was wax, which was ________ on the floor.
As the visitor laid the last sponge down, he again remarked on their similarity. They all looked the same ________ they were squeezed.
The ________ here is that as individuals we are not different from a sponge. We can only squeeze out what is ________ .As babies, we are born into this world________ . We are like a new sponge. As we go through ________ , our“sponge”is filled with things we________ through experiences.
If we look for the good in others and ________ to adopt a positive attitude around, then as life squeezes us we will have a better chance of coping. If we are constantly finding ________ with others and look for excuses for our behavior, when life squeezes us we may not like what comes out.
1.A.exampleB.statementC.taskD.explanation
2.A.denyB.punishC.hurtD.cheat
3.A.ConsiderB.StartC.SupportD.Believe
4.A.orderingB.cleaningC.cookingD.cutting
5.A.sensitiveB.familiarC.curiousD.nervous
6.A.feelingB.dryingC.smellingD.looking
7.A.arouseB.inspireC.satisfyD.protect
8.A.declaredB.provedC.imaginedD.judged
9.A.obviouslyB.fortunatelyC.simplyD.generally
10.A.reportedB.meantC.allowedD.supposed
11.A.finallyB.suddenlyC.quicklyD.frequently
12.A.drawnB.usedC.examinedD.discovered
13.A.ifB.thoughC.sinceD.until
14.A.evidenceB.projectC.lessonD.excuse
15.A.put awayB.handed outC.taken backD.put in
16.A.hungryB.confidentC.pureD.alive
17.A.lifeB.dangerC.materialD.plans
18.A.findB.absorbC.understandD.afford
19.A.tryB.helpC.agreeD.pretend
20.A.mistakesB.diseaseC.friendshipD.fault
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Teenagers are especially likely to suffer loneliness. Here are some suggestions for speeding a recovery from loneliness.
Reach out to others, but start small. A smile and a friendly greeting for the student behind you in line at the cafeteria won’t make you best friends. 1. It also can make it easier to interact the next time.
Find a safe place to make connections. If going to the school dance makes you feel like you just don’t belong, try joining a special-interest group. Maybe it’s the drama club or the marching band 2. .
Find other ways of making connections. Lonely people hunger for acceptance and friendship. Sometimes feeling accepted and liked comes more easily when you do something for others. 3. Teach a child in reading. Take notes for a disabled classmate. You might be surprised at the connections you make after reaching out in these ways.
4. Loneliness is an absence of quality friendships, not of a particular quantity of friends. That’s why it’s important to know how to select a friend. The best friendships are those based on similar values and attitudes.
You get what you expect, so expect the best. If you expect others to be friendly, you will behave in similar ways.
5. It goes away as teens learn how to find their way through their social world and connect with others.
A. But it will make you both feel pretty good.
B. So consider becoming a volunteer.
C. Some teens aren’t so adaptable, however.
D. Encourage people to be friendlier to you.
E. Choose the right people.
F. For most young people, loneliness is only temporary.
G. Look for a group that allows you to ease in gradually.
A team led by Professor Theoder Berger, from the University of Southern California, can now manipulate(操纵) brain cells in rats so that memories stored in the hippocampus, a brain area crucial for memory formation, are activated or suppressed(抑制). It’s said that the technology could one day have medical applications.
In the study, researcher first trained rats to remember which of two levers(杠杆) they pressed first, then to press the other lever.
As the rats performed the task, the scientists carefully monitored the electrical activity in each creature’s hippocampus to find the pattern of nerve-cell activity involved in making a solid memory.
Using the same glass needles they had used to record the nerve activity, they stimulated (刺激) nerves in the same pattern and found that the animals’ performance in the task got even better. The rats made fewer errors and were able to remember which lever was the“correct”one for a longer period of time.
The scientists went a step further and suppressed the rats’ memories with a drug called Mk801, which caused them to forget their task. When the animals’ brain cells were later stimulated with the“correct”pattern, they remembered again which lever to press.
“What’s really exciting about this study is that when they played back the‘good’ patterns—the patterns when the animal got the task right—it did appear to improve memory,”said Dean Buonomano, an associate professor at the University of California.
The final goal, Berger said, is to help people with stroke(中风) and epilepsy(癫痫症) and the like strengthen memories and to help doctors treat them. The technology might even help sufferers of post-traumatic(创伤后) stress disorder.
But first, researchers would have to show that they can stimulate or suppress far more complex memories than the ones in the rat experiment.
“Here ,it’s a simple task,”Buonomano said. In contrast, humans’ memories are very rich and specific…
“We have very many steps to go before this can be achieved,”he said.
1.How does“the technology”in Paragraph 1 act?
A.It manipulates brain cells.
B.It stores memories in the hippocampus.
C.It activates memories stored in the brain.
D.It suppresses memories stored in the brain.
2..In what order did the researchers conduct the rat experiment?
a.Monitor the electrical activity in the rat’s hippocampus.
b.Suppress the rat’s memory with a drug called MK801.
c.Stimulate the rat’s nerves in the same pattern.
d.Stimulate the rat’s nerves in the same pattern for a second time.
e.Train the rats to remember the order of the two levers they pressed.
A.a, e, b, c, d B.a, e, c, d, b
C.e, a, c, d, b D.e, a, c, b, d
3.When their nerves were stimulated, the rats .
A.forgot their task
B.completed the task better
C.made no errors in their task
D.remembered which lever they had pressed for a shorter time
4.What can we infer from the article?
A.MK801 is a drug that can be used to stimulate nerves.
B.The study is expected to be used to help stroke and epilepsy patients recover completely.
C.Using the study to improve humans’ memories still face many challenges.
D.Researchers have studied far more complex memories than the ones in the rat experiment.
While most of us are happy to take the credit when things go well, few of us are willing to take the blame when things go wrong. Rather than trying to hide our shame or embarrassment, experts found that we are simply less aware when our actions result in a negative outcome.
The research may explain why we often feel it hard to take the blame for our actions.“Our result suggests that people may really experience less responsibility for negative than for positive outcomes,” said Patrick Haggard, leading researcher and professor of the institute of Cognitive Neuroscience at University College London.
In a series of tests, participants were asked to press a key. A sound then followed, either disapproving, neutral or approving, and they were then asked to estimate the time between the action and when they had heard the sound.
Researchers found that individuals experienced different levels of responsibility depending on the outcomes. They also discovered they were significantly slower to recognize if their actions had resulted in a bad consequence, compared to when they had done well.
“Effectively, we have found that we experience a negative outcome differently, not just retell it differently. We make a weaker connection when there is a bad result. And respond much more strongly when something good happens,”said Professor Haggard. When something goes right, everyone wants to take the credit, and when things go wrong, nobody is interested in putting their hands up.
The researchers said our brain is“very much concerned”with reward, as good results are key to survival. Although our own perception(认知) of whether we are guilty of something or not is changed by the outcomes, this does not provide a defense if we have done something wrong.“Our experience of our own responsibilities can be misleading and can be strongly colored by the outcomes of our actions.”said Professor Haggard.“We have to take responsibility for what actually do, not just for how we experience things.”
1.People who don’t take the blame for their actions .
A.always try to hide their shame or embarrassment.
B.are only willing to take the credit when things go well
C.feel less responsible for negative than for positive outcomes
D.are less aware of what to do when a negative outcome happens
2.Which of the following statements is TRUE?
A.Our level of responsibility can be strongly affected by the outcomes of our actions.
B.When something bad happens, nobody is interested in dealing with the problem.
C.People were quicker to recognize if their actions had resulted in a bad consequence.
D.Participants were asked to count the time between pressing a key and hearing the sound.
3.How is the passage developed?
A.By giving examples.
B.By quoting research findings.
C.By analyzing cause and effect.
D.By providing data.
4.According to the passage, a person who is concerned with reward is .
A.awkward B.natural C.absurd D.stubborn
Below are the best four applications to help you organize your closet(橱柜)—and trust us, there really is something for everyone.
Closet
If you’re looking to create your own digital closet, then this app is for you. Closet helps you categorize your outfits and keeps you up-to-date on what you’ve already worn.
PROS:Very simple and user-friendly. Great for helping you look at your own closet without feeling overwhelmed.
CONS: No social interactions. This app is strictly for having a mobile version of your closet.
Pose
The app makes things insanely easy for the indecisive shopper. So if you’re debating whether or not to buy something, you can get a second opinion. The app also gathers photos of items that you wish to buy and items you already own, so they are all in one spot.
PROS: When you sign up, you fill out a short survey that helps identify your personal style and subsequently finds people with similar taste that you can follow for inspiration.
CONS:The phone application is more visually appealing than the actual website.
Stylitics
it allows you to categorize your clothes by color, brand, pattern and more. And if you’re wondering whether you have already worn an outfit, simply check your style calendar.
PROS:The app comes with a“Today in Fashion History”tip so you can brush up on your style knowledge.
CONS:You can’t view your style profile using the app yet unless you log on to the site.
Walk in My Closet
If you’re browsing the Internet, looking for something to buy, you can instantly add the item to your virtual closet so that your wish list items are all one place. Besides sharing your closet with other users, you can also sell items you no longer want.
PROS:The“Moodboard”is a great way to gather inspiring looks that you like from other users and fashion experts.
CONS:The luggage feature, which allows you to prepare outfits for an upcoming trip, is only available on the site; it would be useful if it were on the app.
1.Which of the following can replace the underlined word?
A.Instantly. B.Accurately.
C.Deliberately. D.Incredibly.
2.Which of the following is designed for people who often hesitate when buying clothes?
A.Closet. B.Pose.
C.Stylitics. D.Walk in My Closet.
3.What can we learn about Walk in My Closet from the passage?
A.It is a simple and user-friendly app.
B.It helps you confirm your personal style.
C.It combines both shopping and organizing your closet.
D.It requires you to log on the site to view your style profile.
4.The passage mainly tells us .
A.about the four best fashion apps to help organize your closet
B.how to use these fashion apps
C.that everyone can find their own personal style
D.that we should share our closet with friends
As I grew older, my dad and I grew further apart. We always had totally different opinions. He thought that college was a waste of time, but for me it was important to finish college. He wanted me to work my way to the top as he had done in his field, but I wanted a different life. There was a time when we did not talk with each other.
A few months ago, I heard that my 84-year-old dad was in poor health. When he called and asked whether I could move from Colorado back to Tennessee to help him, I knew he was seriously ill. I am his only child and so it was time to meet my father’s requirement.
Two weeks after moving back, we bought a boat and started fishing again. Fishing was one of the few things that we did while I was young and that we both enjoyed. It is strange but true that as we are fishing we are able to put things that have kept us apart for so many years behind us. We are able to talk about things that we have never talked about before. Fishing has been healing the old wounds that have kept us apart.
It is not important how many fish we catch. It is about enjoying the relationship that we have not had for years. I’m 62 and he is 84. When we are on the lake fishing, it is like enjoying life. It is far better to find a way to put the unhappy past behind. I am so lucky to spend the happy time with my father in his last years. Now my heart is filled with love. A smile always graces my lips.
1.The author and his father became further apart because .
A.they lived very far from each other
B.they seldom saw each other
C.they only communicated by phone
D.they had different views on things
2.For the author, fishing with his old father .
A.helps cure his father’s disease
B.makes him realize the importance of relaxation
C.is a good way to get close to nature
D.provides a chance for them to communicate
3.Which of the following can be the best title for the text?
A.Fishing Brings Us Together
B.Forgiving I s Difficult
C.Memories of Old Days
D.My Beloved Father
