Question

阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。

Until recently, almost everyone thought that growth and progress would make the world a 1.  (good) place. They believed that something new was always better than something old. So countries have spent billions of dollars 2.  science to develop new ways of making things and doing work.   3.  , this new technique is the main cause of the world’s problems. One such problem has come from the   4.  (appear) of the car. In some   5.  (crowd) cities, the car has polluted the air   6.   badly that people get sick just from breathing it. Waste from factories is another example of how new technology is hurting the earth. When some waste chemicals   7.  (put) into the sea, they can hurt or kill animals and fish. It’s time that we   8. (do) something quickly. When the problems get worse, they will not affect just a few   9.   (country). They will be world problems 10.  affect us all.

Answer

1.better

2.on

3.However

4.appearance

5.crowded

6.so

7.are put

8.did/should do

9.countries

10.that/which

【解析】

试题分析：新发明的出现给我们带来了方便和好处，同时也带来了环境污染。作者号召我们马上采取行动减少污染保护环境。

1.better.考查比较级。句意：直到最近，几乎所有的人都认为增长和进步会使世界变得更好。此处含和现在比较的意思，要用比较级，故填better.

2.on.考查介词。spend… on…表示“在……上花费时间和金钱”，此处指在科学研究上花费巨额资金，故填on.

3.However.考查连词。上句指在科学研究上花费巨额资金，下句指这种新技术是世界问题的主要原因。两句意思是转折关系且有逗号与后面隔开，故填However.

4.appearance.考查名词。空白处由前面的the和后面的of修饰，要用名词形式，故填appearance.

5.crowded.考查形容词。根据修饰词some和后面的名词cities,可知此处用形容词修饰名词，故填crowded.

6.so.考查副词。句意：汽车污染环境是如此严重以至于人们呼吸了这种空气而患病。此处是so… that结构表示“如此……以至于”，故填so.

7.are put.考查被动语态。句意：当废弃的化学物品被扔进海里，就会伤害或杀死动物和鱼类。此处waste chemicals和动词put是被动关系，根据全文时态，故填are put.

8.did/should do.考查虚拟语气。句意：是我们该马上采取行动的时候了。此处是虚拟语气，动词要用过去式或should+动词原形，故填did/should do.

9.countries.考查名词复数。此处由a few修饰，名词用复数，表示几个国家。故填countries.

10..考查定语从句。句中包含定语从句，先行词是problems指物，在后面定语从句中做主语，故填关系代词that/which.

考点：考查环保类短文阅读。

【名师点睛】

常见虚拟语气结构：

一、wish从句中的虚拟语气

wish +从句表示一种愿望或希望。是要……就好了！

1. 从句动词用“过去式”，表示从句动作与wish同时存在或发生。例如：

I wish I knew as much as you do. 要是我知道的和你一样多就好了。

2. 从句动词用 “had+过去分词，表示从句动作在wish之前存在或发生。例如：

I wish I had been at the club yesterday. 要是我昨天在俱乐部就好了。

3. 从句动词用 “would/could+动词原形”，表示从句动作在wish之后存在或发生。例如:

I wish it would stop raining tomorrow. 我希望明天雨能停。

二、as if 从句中的虚拟语气

“as if/as though +从句”，表示方式。从句中动词的用法与wish从句中的动词类似。例如：

1. She looks as if she were ten years younger. 她看起来好像年轻了十岁。(从句动作与主句同时存在或发生)

2. The village looks as though it had been deserted for years. 这个村子看起来好像很多年没人住了。(从句动作在主句之前存在或发生)

3. They talked and talked as if they would never meet again. 他们意犹未尽地谈着，好像将来再也不见面一样。(从句动作在主句之后存在或发生)

三、It’s time +(that)… 句型中的虚拟语气

在It is (high) time (that)…句型中，从句的动词用过去式(be用were)或should do, should不可省，表示“某人该做某事了” 。例如：

It is time that the students went to bed. 现在是学生们睡觉的时候了。

四、would rather从句中的虚拟语气

1. would rather sb+动词过去式, 表现在或将来的愿望。例如:

To be frank, I’d rather you were not here now. 坦率地说, 我宁愿你现在不在这里。

2. would rather sb+ had+过去分词, 表过去的愿望。例如:

I’d rather I hadn’t remembered leaving something in the toilet and gone back to find it, or I wouldn’t have got lost. 我宁愿当时没想起把东西落在洗手间并返回去找，否则我就不会迷路。

五、“(should) do 型”虚拟语气

在表示建议、要求、命令等的名词性从句中，谓语动词用“(should)＋动词原形”。常见动词有：一个坚持（insist）, 两个命令(order, command), 三个建议(suggest, advise, recommend), 四个要求(ask, demand, request, require)。例如：

I suggested that he (should) go there at once. (宾语从句)

= I made a suggestion that he (should) go there at once. (同位语从句)

= My suggestion was that he (should) go there at once. (表语从句)

= It is suggested that he (should) go there at once. (主语从句)

注意：suggest与insist后宾语从句中的虚拟语气与陈述语气的区别。

1. Her face suggested (暗示/表明) that she was ill. So I suggested (建议) that she (should) be sent to hospital immediately.

2. Tom insisted (坚决要求) Mike (should) apologize to his teacher, but Mike insisted (坚持说/坚持认为) that he was not wrong.

六、if only ：要是……就好了