Professional footballers have worryingly poor teeth that could be affecting their performance on the football ground, say dentists. Their study on players at eight clubs in England and Wales, in the British Journal of Sports Medicine，showed nearly 4 out of 10 had cavities (蛀牙）and that athletes often had worse teeth than the general population. Regularly taking sugary foods is one possible explanation.
The dentists, from the International Centre for Evidence-Based Oral Health at University College London, examined 187 players’ sets of teeth. They found 53% had dental erosion (腐蚀），45% were bothered by the state of their teeth and 7% said it affected their ability to train or play. Around 40 % had cavities, compared with 30 % of people of a similar age in the general population.
Prof Ian Needleman, one of the researchers, said： “These are individuals who otherwise invest so much in themselves so it，s a surprising finding.
“There are two main groups — some have a catastrophic Professional footballers have worryingly pooreffect, they have very serious disease that stops them in their tracks and they cannot play or train.
“There'11 be others experiencing pain affecting sleep or sensitivity every time they take a drink. ”
At this level of athlete, even small differences can be quite telling.
Nutrition is one of the primary suspects with having too many sugary or acidic foods during training potentially accounting for cavities and erosion. A lot of air in the mouth during exercise can also dry it out so there is less protection.
While these findings are worrying, clubs are attaching greater importance to dental health and educating their players. According to StijinVandenbroucke, head of medicine and sports science at West Ham United, oral health is an area where many athletes have greater problems than the general population and there are clear benefits of oral disease prevention for athletes and clubs.1.What does the passage tell us about professional footballers teeth?
A. Nearly 4 out of 10 players in the UK suffer from toothaches.
B. They have been invested a great deal by individual players.
C. Many players' poor teeth bother their career and daily life.
D. British footballers teeth are examined regularly.
2.What mainly results in professional footballers' poor teeth?
A. Experiencing too much training.
B. Eating food with too much sugar.
C. Breathing in lots of air during exercise.
D. Having little education of oral disease prevention.
3. These findings are worrying clubs because____.
A. footballers aren’t willing to give up sugary or acidic food
B. they've spent much on their players' oral disease prevention
C. footballers have more serious tooth problems than the public
D. players' oral disease may lead to bad performance in games
4.This passage is most probably taken from____.
A. a dentist's diary B. a sports newspaper
C. a medicine magazine D. a science report
Face-book chief operating officer Sheryl Sandberg and Anna Maria Chavez, chief of American Girl Scouts, are leading a campaign to discourage the use of the word “bossy”. Does the term destroy the confidence of young girls?
The campaign claims that terms like “bossy” are improperly applied to females， preventing schoolgirls from seeing themselves as future “leaders”. From its first application, the word has been definitely connected more with women than with men. It first appeared in 1882，according to the Oxford English Dictionary, mentioning “a lady manager who was extremely bossy”. As late as 2008, the word appeared in reference to females four times more often than males, claim the Ban Bossy campaigners. “To me, the reference is always in association with women,” says Helen Trim, director of Fresh Minds. “I have three brothers and my family still call me ‘bossy’ today. ” Her father is the only other family member who could be considered in that way, says Trim，but nobody would ever call him so.
Some educators recommend that the word should be reclaimed, rather than banned. “But the thing with ‘bossy，is that there’s an infantile (幼稚的)element to it，” says Sara Mills, professor at Sheffield University. “You think of 'bossy' as being like a little kid who's claiming more than he has the right to claim. ”
It's not just “bossy” under fire. “Pushy” is another Face-book chief operating officer Sheryl Sandbergtarget. The implication is that women shouldn’t present themselves as powerful and confident, Mills suggests, which some women are willing to listen to and accept. Trim points out that many modern female business role models are able to be bosses without being labeled ‘bossy'. And she rarely, if ever，hears the word used within her company. But she says that the damage may be done much earlier in a woman’s life. “It does come about from those early teenage years. ” she says. “I think it’s impossible to ban a word, but if people are replacing it with words like 'confidence' or ‘assertiveness’，we would all be in a much better place. ”
1.More evidence is provided to show "bossy" is more applied to females by _ .
A. the Oxford English Dictionary
B. the Ban Bossy campaigners
C. Helen Trim at Fresh Minds
D. some experts in education
2. Trim's family still consider her bossy because .
A. she is expected to lead in her family
B. she is the boss of her company
C. she is a powerful and confident female
D. her father considers her that way
3.The underlined part "under fire most probably means .
A. definitely replaced
B. strongly criticized
C. improperly applied
D. eagerly expected
4.How does the author sound when referring to the campaign against "bossy"?
A. Objective. B. Angry.
C. Doubtful D. Optimistic.
Having spring around makes you feel different after such a long winter journey. The power of sunshine brings us a lot of comfort, optimism, self-confidence and of course a smile. Imagine how great it will be if we are so positive all year round!
Living like this is possible if you really think about it. In order to exist in such a state of happiness, we must have sunshine radiating from within ourselves, shining from our hearts, minds and souls. Actually，that’s your choice, and if you think that way then your own life will reflect that attitude of yours!
In order to make “sunshine” or rather, “light” part of our being, it is so important that you watch your thoughts, your words and your actions so that you will accept what you really feel you’d like to create in your own life. Watch your thoughts and really become aware of how many negative thoughts pass through your mind about yourself and other people around you. Watch to see how often you gossip (说闲话）about other people, which is actually often attached with feelings of jealousy (妒忌）and insecurity about yourself.
You are also supposed to take a close look at your “intention”. How many of you do something for another person without expecting to receive something in return? It might not even have to be a material or physical thing you expect； expecting to be recognized for what you have done is enough to create conditions on Having spring around makes you feel differentyour intention. Think about it!
Putting all of these together, it seems that most of us are creating monsters inside us just by simply talking, thinking and not putting our heart out with the right intention towards helping someone else. If you take all your negative attitudes in one hand and measure your need to feel “sunshine“ in the other, you will see how both these elements really contradict each other.
Be brave and break your patterns and your habits this spring, and by doing so，you will allow the true sunshine to take place by radiating out from your heart and into your life and the lives of the people around you!
1.You can have sunshine shining from your inside .
A. by measuring what you need
B. by helping someone else
C. by watching what you think, say and do
D. by changing your intention
2. According to the writer, you don t feel secure about yourself when you .
A. gossip about other people
B. take a close look at your intention
C. expect to be recognized for what you’ve done
D. become aware of your negative thoughts
3.What can be inferred from the passage?
A. Expecting something in return for our help isn’t the right intention.
B. Breaking our patterns is the most important to get true sunshine.
C. If we don-t intend to help others, we create monsters inside us.
D. Negative attitudes have little to do with happiness.
4.The passage is written mainly to _ .
A. stress the importance of the positive life style
B. analyze the intentions and thoughts in our mind
C. offer advice on having sunshine from our inside
D. warn us about the bad effects of negative attitudes
NASA-s New Horizons probe（宇宙探测器）flew by Pluto（冥王星）this morning, sending back history's first up-close looks at the vast freezing-cold world. Closest approach came at 7:49 a.m. EDT. To celebrate, NASA gave out the latest photo of Pluto. It showed a reddish world with an amazing heart-shaped feature on its surface.
After today's close encounter, all the nine solar system's traditionally recognized planets have now been visited by a spaceship-a huge project begun in 1962 when NASA's Mariner 2 probe flew past Venus, a planet in the solar system. More than l,200 scientists, NASA guests and important persons, including 200 reporters, watched the flyby live at New Horizons' mission control center.
That close encounter has been a long time coming. The$723 million New Horizons mission launched in January 2006 but began taking shape in 1989. "New Horizons is'a capstone mission'," Glen Fountain, mission project manager told Space, com. "It is the first completion of the observations of our solar system. It-s giving us a new idea about how we human beings fit into the universe."
New Horizons "faced a crazy number of challenges," Stern, a driving force behind New Horizons said, "So many people stuck with this for so long. They got knocked down; they stood up. They got knocked down again; they stood up again.”
In a coincidence, today's close approach falls on the 50th anniversary of the first flyby of Mars, another planet, which was completed by NASA-s Mariner 4 spaceship.
There are no longer nine officially recognized planets, of course. The International Astronomical Union regarded Pluto as “a dwarf planet" in 2006 in a decision that remains controversial（有争议的）today.
1.Which statement is TRUE according to the passage?
A. Ideas still vary in the identity of Pluto.
B. Only scientists could watch the flyby live.
C. Mars is the first planet visited by a spaceship.
D. New Horizons mission aimed to observe the solar system.
2.Glen Fountain may probably agree that _____________________．
A. it is the most difficult to land on Pluto in the solar system
B. New Horizons mission is a long and troublesome project
C. their strong determination leads to the successful flyby
D. people are likely to find new ways to fit into space
3.Which is the best title for the passage?
A.A New Horizons Probe B. NASA's Huge Project
C. Pluto,a Controversial Planet D. A Close Approach to Pluto
书面表达
假设你是李明，你想邀请你的笔友Tony来益阳旅游。请给他写一封信，为他介绍你的家乡益阳。要点如下：
1. 空气和水质量好，绿化面积大，环境未被破坏，气候宜人，是全国宜居城市；
2. 民风淳朴，益阳人民热情好客；
3. 特色食物与景点介绍，如擂茶，周立波故居等。
注意：1. 词数100左右；
2. 切勿逐字翻译，可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
参考词汇：擂茶grinding tea 周立波故居 former residence of Zhou Libo
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短文改错
假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多两处。 每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。
增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号(∧)，并在其下面写出该加的词。
删除：把多余的词用斜线(＼)划掉。
修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。
注意：1. 每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；
2. 只允许修改10处，多者(从第11处起)不计分。
Nowadays more and more people are going abroad on holiday, some of whom even goes on holiday two or three times a year. In my opinion, there are two type of holidaymakers. The first kind always goes to seaside resorts. Their only aim is to have good time sunbathing. They spend their days on the sunshine and their evenings in getting drunk, and then slept soundly. This kind of traveler just needs to pack a pair of sunglasses together with everything that he needs it. The others kind of holiday maker goes to other countries to increasing knowledge of foreign lands. They make use of the chance to take photos, so a good camera is absolute essential. For them, going on holiday is educational. This kind of traveler will move from place to place every few days, enjoying the local food and get a proper feel of a place.
