Question

China is home to the invention of silk and has a long tradition of producing fine materials for clothing. Not all clothing in ancient or contemporary（ 当代的） China is made of silk, however. In fact, silk was only available to the wealthy classes（阶级） for much of China's history. Until the introduction of cotton during the Ming Dynasty, from the 14th to the 17th century, the poorer classes wore rough clothing made from fibers (纤维).

In ancient China, the tunic（无袖长袍）was particularly popular . Called hanfu（汉服）, both men and women could be seen wearing tunics made of different materials. Women's tunics were long and loose（宽松的）, extending all the way down to their feet and often cinched with a belt or rope to get tighter（紧）. Men's tunics were shorter, usually only extending down to their knees. During the winter, both men and women would wear cotton jackets for warmth. In the winter, men would also wear pants (裤子) or ankle-length skirts into their clothes to keep warm and protect their legs against the cold winter conditions.

Contemporary Chinese clothing is now made of many of the same materials as contemporary clothing found in other countries. Much of the traditional Chinese clothing produced now is made of cotton and silk, but generally contemporary Chinese clothing also contains synthetic (合成的) fibers in with the cotton and silk, such as nylon (尼龙). In addition, linen (亚麻布) is now commonly used in contemporary Chinese clothing, especially during the summer months because it is light and breathable.

1.In ancient China, only wealthy people could afford clothes made from______.

A. silk           B. fiber          C. cotton   D. linen

2.Which of the following about hanfu（汉服） is mentioned in the text?

A. It was made from only one material.

B. Men's hanfu was shorter than women's.

C. People didn't wear it until the Ming Dynasty.

D. It was warm enough to help people against cold in the winter.

3.The underlined word "cinched" in the second paragraph is closest in meaning to "___".

A. 悬挂             B. 插入          C. 装饰   D. 拴，绑

4.What can we know from the text?

A. Linen is only used to make Chinese summer clothing.

B. Nylon was one material for ancient Chinese clothing.

C. Lots of contemporary Chinese clothing is made from synthetic fibers.

D. The materials for contemporary Chinese clothing are produced by other countries.

Answer

1.A

2.B

3.D

4.C

【解析】

试题分析：本文为我们介绍了中国古代和现代衣服的材料。

1.A考查细节理解题。根据第一段内容“In fact, silk was only available to the wealthy classes（阶级） for much of China's history.”可知在古代，中国只有富人才穿得起丝绸做的衣服。故选A。

2.B考查细节理解题。根据第二段内容“Women's tunics were long and loose（宽松的）, extending all the way down to their feet and often cinched with a belt or rope to get tighter（紧）. Men's tunics were shorter, usually only extending down to their knees.”可知妇女的汉服长且宽松，一直到脚，但是男子的汉服就短一些，只到膝盖。故选B。

3.D考查词义猜测题。根据句意可知妇女的汉服可知妇女的汉服长且宽松，一直到脚，常常用绳子或带子系紧。故选D。

4.C考查推理判断题。根据最后一段内容“but generally contemporary Chinese clothing also contains synthetic (合成的) fibers in with the cotton and silk, such as nylon (尼龙).”可知现在中国人的衣服会含有合成纤维，比如尼龙。故选C。

【名师点睛】

在阅读中我们经常会遇到许多生词。这时许多同学立即翻阅词典，查找词义。这样做不但费时费力，而且影响阅读速度、影响对语篇的整体把握。事实上，阅读材料中的每个词与它前后的词语或句子甚至段落都有联系。我们可以利用语境(各种已知信息)推测、判断某些生词的词义。近年来全国统一高考中加大了对考生猜词义能力的考查，因此，掌握一定的猜词技巧，对突破高考阅读理解、提高我们的英语语言能力都有非常重要的意义。

做这种类型的题，要根据词、词组、句子所在的语境来判断其意义。因此熟练掌握一些猜词技巧是做好这类题的关键。命题者在出这类题时惯用常规词义来麻痹考生，我们要特别注意熟词生义，切不可脱离语境想当然。

猜测词义时，一般可利用以下三个方面的线索：

一、针对性的解释

针对性解释是作者为了更好的表达思想，在文章中对一些重要的概念、难懂的术语或高深的词汇等所做的通俗化的解释。这些解释提供的信息明确具体，所使用的语言通俗易懂，利用它们来猜测词义就非常简单。1. 根据定义(definition)猜测词义

如果生词有一个句子或段落来定义，那么理解这个句子或段落本身就是推断词义。定义常用的谓语动词多为：be, mean, deal with, be considered, to be, be called, define, represent, refer to, signify 等。

2.根据复述推测词义

虽然复述不如定义那样严谨、详细，但是它提供的信息可以为阅读者猜测词义提供依据，至少读者可以根据复述猜测生词的大致义域(意义范围)。复述部分可以是词、短语、或从句。

3.根据举例猜测词义

恰当的举例能够提供猜测生词的重要线索。

二. 内在逻辑关系

根据内在逻辑关系推测词义是指应用语言知识分析和判断相关信息之间存在的逻辑关系，然后根据逻辑联系推断生词词义或大致义域。

1. 根据对比关系猜测词义

在一个句子或段落中，有对两个事物或现象进行对比性的描述，我们可以根据生词的反义词猜测其词义。表示对比关系的词汇和短语主要有：unlike, not, but, however, despite, in spite of, in contrast 等。表示对比关系的句子结构：while 引导的并列句。

2. 根据比较关系猜测词义

同对比关系相反，比较关系表示意义上的相似关系。表示比较关系的词和短语主要有：similarly, like, just as, also, as well as 等。

3. 根据因果关系猜测词义

在句子或段落中，若两个事物现象之间构成因果关系，我们可以根据这种逻辑关系推测生词词义。

4. 根据同义、近义、并列、替代、说明等关系猜测词义

在句子或段落中，我们可以利用熟悉的词语，根据语言环境所表示的关系推断生词词义。

三. 通过构词法

在猜测词义过程中，我们还可以依靠构词法方面的知识，从生词本身猜测词义。

1. 根据前缀猜测词义

例如：(05江西卷E段)Do you have any strong opinion on co-educational or single-sex schools?

根据词根educational (教育的)，结合前缀co-(共同，一起)，我们便可以猜出co-educational的意思是：男女同校教育的意思。

2. 根据后缀猜测词义

例如：(05 广东卷E段)It's a quiet, comfortable hotel overlooking (俯瞰) the bay in an uncommercialized Cornish fishing village on England's most southerly point.

后缀 -ise/ize意思是使成为;使化，结合词根commercial(商业的)，不难猜出 uncommercialized 的意思是：未被商业化的。

3. 根据复合词的各部分猜测词义

例如：(05 北京卷B段)Good tool design is important in the prevention of overuse injuries. Well – designed tools and equipment will require less force to operate them and prevent awkward(别扭的)hand positions.

Well-designed 或许是个生词，但我们分析该词的结构后，就能推测出其含义。它由well (好，优秀)和design (设计)两部分组成，合在一起便是设计精巧的意思。

综上所述，利用各种已知的信息推测判断生词词义是一项重要的阅读技能。在阅读中我们可以根据实际灵活应用上面提到的几种猜词技巧，排除生词的干扰，理解文章的思想，提高阅读速度，同时，提高我们在高考阅读理解中的得分率。

例如30题的词义猜测就是根据内在逻辑关系猜出来的。根据句意可知妇女的汉服可知妇女的汉服长且宽松，一直到脚，常常用绳子或带子系紧。故选D。

考点 ：介绍类阅读