Question

Napoleon, as a character in Tolstoy’s War and Peace, is more than once described as having “fat little hands”. Nor does he “sit well or firmly on the horse”. He is said to be “undersized”, with “short legs” and a “round stomach”. The issue here is not the accuracy of Tolstoy’s description-it seems not that far off from historical accounts but his choice of facts: other things that could be said of the man are not said. We are meant to understand the difference of a warring commander in the body of a fat little Frenchman. Tolstoy’s Napoleon could be any man wandering in the streets and putting a little of powdered tobacco up his nose-and that is the point.

It is a way the novelist uses to show the moral nature of a character. And it turns out that, as Tolstoy has it, Napoleon is a crazy man. In a scene in Book Three of War and Peace, the wars having reached the critical year of 1812,Napoleon receives a representative from the Tsar (沙皇) ,who has come with peace terms. Napoleon is very angry: doesn’t he have more army? He, not the Tsar, is the one to make the terms. He will destroy all of Europe if his army is stopped. “That is what you will have gained by engaging me in the war!” he shouts. And then, Tolstoy writes, Napoleon “walked silently several times up and down the room, his fat shoulders moving quickly".

Still later, after reviewing his army amid cheering crowds, Napoleon invites the shaken Russian to dinner. “He raised his hand to the Russian’s face,” Tolstoy writes, and "taking him by the ear pulled it gently. . . ". To have one’s ear pulled by the Emperor was considered the greatest honor and mark of favor at the French court. “Well, well, why don’t you say anything?” said he, as if it was ridiculous in his presence to respect any one but himself, Napoleon.

Tolstoy did his research, but the composition is his own.

1.Tolstoy’s description of Napoleon in War and Peace is__________.

A. far from the historical facts

B. based on the Russian history

C. based on his selection of facts

D. not related to historical details

2. Tolstoy intended to present Napoleon as a man who is__________.

A. ill-mannered in dealing with foreign guests

B. fond of showing off his iron will

C. determined in destroying all of Europe

D. crazy for power and respect

3. What does the last sentence of the passage imply?

A. A writer doesn’t have to be faithful to his findings.

B. A writer may write about a hero in his own way.

C. A writer may not be responsible for what he writes.

D. A writer has hardly any freedom to show his feelings.

Answer

1.C

2.D

3.A

【解析】

试题分析：作者在本文中介绍了著名作家Tolstoy笔下的拿破仑的形象，告诉我们作家所写的内容与他研究的内容可以是不一致的。

1.C 细节理解题。根据第一段第四句The issue here is not the accuracy of Tolstoy’s description-it seems not that far off from historical accounts but his choice of facts: other things that could be said of the man are not said.可知Tolstoy笔下的拿破仑的形象是他自己想出来的，并不是历史记录中的拿破仑的样子。故C项说法正确。

2.D 推理判断题。根据第二段第二句And it turns out that, as Tolstoy has it, Napoleon is a crazy man.拿破仑是一个疯狂的人。再根据第二段Napoleon receives a representative from the Tsar (沙皇) ,who has come with peace terms. Napoleon is very angry: doesn’t he have more army? He, not the Tsar, is the one to make the terms. He will destroy all of Europe if his army is stopped. “That is what you will have gained by engaging me in the war!”认为他才是做出最终决定的人，他对沙皇极度不满，对于权力和尊重非常渴望。故D项正确。

3.

【名师点睛】

阅读理解中干扰答案选项的设置：通常有以下几种方式：

1. 张冠李戴。命题者把文章作者的观点与他人的观点混淆起来，题干问的是作者的观点，选项中出现的却是他人的观点；或者题干问的是他人的观点，却把作者的观点放到选项中去。

2. 偷梁换柱。干扰项用了与原文相似的句型结构和大部分相似的词汇，却在不易引人注意的地方换了几个词汇，造成句意的改变。

3. 无中生有。干扰项往往是生活的基本常识和普遍接受的观点，但在原文中并无相关的信息支持点，这种选项的设置往往与问题的设问毫不相干。

4. 以偏概全。考生在做猜测文章中心思想、给文章添加标题或判断推理题时，往往会犯以偏概全的错误。产生这类错误的原因是考生受思维定势的影响或考虑不周，以局部代替整体。其具体表现为合理关联与不合理关联、准确概括与不准确概括之间的错位。不合理关联就是表层理解与深层理解相混淆。表层理解是对文章中客观事实的感知和记忆，往往是文章直接表述的结论；深层理解则是对文章中的客观事实进行逻辑推理、总结或概括后得出的结论。不准确概括是指不能准确地按题目要求概括或提取文中的表层或深层信息。

考点：考查文学类阅读