Question

There are many older people in the world and there will be many more. A little-known fact is that over 60 percent of the older people live in developing countries. According to the World Health Organization, by 2020 there will be 1 billion, with over 700 million living in developing countries.

It is a surprising fact that the population aging is particularly rapid in developing countries. For example, it took France 115 years for the rate of older people to double from 7 percent to 14 percent. It is estimated to take China a mere 27 years to achieve this same increase.

What are the implications of these increased numbers of older folk? One of the biggest worries for governments is that the longer people live, the more likelihood there is for diseases and for disability. Attention is being paid to the need to keep people as healthy as possible, including during old age, to lessen the financial burden on the state.

Another significant problem is the need for the younger generations to understand and value the older people in their society. In some African countries, certainly in Asia, older people are respected and regarded as the ones with special knowledge. Yet traditions are fading away daily, which does not make sure the continued high regard of older people. As society changes, attitudes will change.

Much needs to be done to get rid of age discrimination in employment. Life-long learning programs need to be provided to enable older people to be active members in a country's development.

Social security policies need to be established to provide adequate income protection for older people. Both public and private schemes are vital in order to build a suitable safety net.

1.The rate of older people________.

A. is bigger in developed countries than in developing countries

B. is one-seventh of the population in developing countries

C. will increase much faster in China than in France

D. will be sixty percent in developing countries by 2020

2.According to passage, which of the following are governments most worried about?

A. The diseases and disability of older people

B. The longer life and good health of people.

C. The loss of taxes on older people.

D. The increasing respect for older people.

3.Which of the following measure is NOT mentioned to solve the population ageing problem?

A. Getting rid of age discrimination in employment.

B. Supplying life-long learning programs to older people.

C. Making sure adequate income protection for older people.

D. Providing free health care for sick older people.

4.The author concludes in the last paragraph that ________.

A. governments have spent lots of time in solving the aging problem

B. population aging is a hard problem, but it needs to be solved urgently

C. people are too busy to solve the population aging problem

D. much time and effort will be lost in solving the aging problem

Answer

1.C

2.A

3.D

4.B

【解析】

试题分析：本文属于议论文，介绍了人口老龄化问题，并提出这一问题的紧迫性，建议我们立刻采取措施解决它。

1.C 细节理解题。根据第二段2、3句For example, it took France 115 years for the rate of older people to double from 7 percent to 14 percent. It is estimated to take China a mere 27 years to achieve this same increase.可知法国花了115年的时间老年人从百分之七增加到百分之14，而中国只用了27年，这说明中国的老龄化速度远远超过法国。故C正确。

2.A 细节理解题。根据第三段第二句One of the biggest worries for governments is that the longer people live, the more likelihood there is for diseases and for disability.可知对于政府来说，最大的问题是老年人的健康和能力缺失问题。故A项正确。

3.D 细节理解题。根据文章最后两段Much needs to be done to get rid of age discrimination in employment. Life-long learning programs need to be provided to enable older people to be active members in a country's development. Social security policies need to be established to provide adequate income protection for older people. Both public and private schemes are vital in order to build a suitable safety net.可知ABC三项都是文章中提出的政府要采取的措施。只有D项没有提及。

4.

【名师点睛】

本文以细节理解题的考查为主。细节理解题要求考生对阅读材料中的某一具体事实和细节进行理解。它们大都是根据文章中的具体信息如事实、例证、原因、过程、论述等进行提问的。有些问题可以在文章中直接找到答案，有些则需要我们在理解的基础上将有关内容系统化才能找到，比如计算、排序、是非判断、图形比较等。

常见的命题方式通常有：

1.特殊疑问句形式。以when, where, what, which, who, how much/many等疑问词开头引出的问题；

2. 以是非题的形式。true /false, not true / false或EXCEPT；

3. 以According to„ 开头提问方式；

4. 以填空题的形式，如：

（1）To avoid attracting mountain lions, people are advised .

（2）By the first sentence of the passage author means that .

（3）It seems that now a country‘s economy depends much on .

（4）If you are interested in knowing about what people‘s life will be, you may visit .

（5）The policemen were told ―to look the other way‖ (the underlined part in Paragraph 2) so that .

（6）The policeman who said ―Good evening‖ to Rolls wanted to . 等等

5. 就文中数字、排序、识图等提问。

做细节理解题时，大多数学生易出现的问题是阅读速度太慢，缺乏一定的快速阅读技巧，考生要培养自己快速获取信息的能力。解答此类试题时，不必通篇细看原文，而常常可采取 ―带着问题找答案”的方法．先从问题中抓住关键性词语。然后以此为线索。要快速地辨认和记忆事实或细节，就要恰当地运用略读及查读的技巧快速在文章中寻找与此问题相关的段落、语句．仔细品味，对照比较．确定答案。除了运用扫读法(scanning)外，还可以兼用排除法．将―无此细节”和“与此细节相反”的选项排除。

了解细节题干扰选项的特点也有助于考生提高答题的正确率。一般情况下，干扰项有如下几个特点：

（1）是原文信息，但不是题目要求的内容；

（2）符合常识，但不是文章内容；

（3）与原文的内容极其相似，只是在程度上有些变动；

（4）在意思上与原文大相径庭甚至完全相反；

（5）部分正确，部分错误。

有的细节理解题只要直接辨认不要求读者对客观的事实作出解释或判断，只要求从阅读材料中直接获取信息。同时还要求读者记住重要细节，在必要的时候（做判断、推断或结论的时候）能够准确而迅速地将他们回忆起来。解此类题要求考生快速抓住原文中的关键信息，直接得出答案，但要注意往往答案与原文中的语句并非一模一样，而是用不同的词语或句型结构表达相同的意思。有的细节理解题就需要通过有关词语和句子的转换。利用主要事实、图表、图形来获取信息，然后利用因果、类比、时间、空间等关系将零碎的细节经过一系列加工、整理，方能做出正确的判断．此类试题在高考中占大多数。

考点：考查议论文阅读