完形填空
阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的四个选项，A、B、C和D中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
It takes plenty of time for some adults to try to stop children playing. They are usually people who think of play as being the _________of work and therefore a waste of time. For humans, work is a way of getting food to eat, and like humans, _________ must spend time doing the _________ things. Regardless of this, children _________ playing, and so do other young animals. It is quite _________ to keep both a small child and a young cat _________ for hours with a piece of paper.
Hunting may be the most obvious skill _________ in play, but it is far from being the only one. Lambs and goat kids play _________ , although as adults they will never _________ anything other than some grass. But for these young animals too, _________ is an important part of learning. Sheep and goats are _________ hill and mountain animals. Running and skipping exercise young legs and develop a strong sense of _________ that will keep them safe on the steepest rocks.
_________ animals’ play, children’s play is not so different. _________ trees and catching flies are not the most obvious training for the adult world, but the flexibility _________ in these activities is similar to that required of a bus driver or businessman.
What we know about animals shows us that playing is a very good way of _________ , so maybe one of the best ways for _________ to learn is also by playing. Children find playing is fun, but ___________ notice that they are also learning at the same time. Most people continue to play games long after they have become _________ , and perhaps that is because we rely so much on our _________ to learn.
1.A. reward B. basis C. natureD. opposite
2.A. children B. animals C. parents D. cats
3.A. dull B. ordinary C. same D. chief
4.A. enjoy B. regret C. delay D. ignore
5.A. necessaryB. possible C. reasonable D. difficult
6.A. annoyed B. alarmed C. amused D. amazed
7.A. practiced B. kept C. tested D. required
8.A. clumsily B. endlesslyC. crazily D. aggressively
9.A. catch B. plant C. learn D. hunt
10.A. play B. work C. jump D. walk
11.A. naturallyB. initially C. strangely D. equally
12.A. direction B. balance C. distance D. space
13.A. Based on B. Inspired byC. Compared withD. Developed form
14.A. Cutting B. Growing C. Watering D. Climbing
15.A. reduced B. needed C. damaged D. allowed
16.A. growing B. exercising C. improving D. learning
17.A. humans B. creatures C. adults D. students
18.A. generally B. possibilityC. hardly D. truly
19.A. strong B. wise C. athletic D. mature
20.A. flexibilityB. liberty C. curiosity D. Responsibility
根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，选项中有两项为多余选项。
A research has discovered that your gift for happiness is determined by your genes to a large degree. 1. . We can do this by overcoming negative emotions and developing positive emotions.
Strategy（策略）1: 2.
The first step is to make a choice to be happy. In Seeking Happiness, Bertrand Russell said, “Happiness must be an achievement rather than a gift of the gods, and in this achievement, effort must play a great part.”
Once you’ve decided to be happier, you can choose strategies for achieving happiness.
Strategy 2: Develop gratitude（感激）.
In Authentic Happiness, psychologist Martin Seligman encourages readers to perform a daily “gratitude exercise”. 3.
Strategy 3: Remember, money can’t buy happiness.
Research shows: 4. . Yes, “we always think that some things are wrong because they cannot bring us happiness,” writes Daniel Gilbert in Stumbling on Happiness.
Strategy 4: Take part in meaningful activities.
“People are seldom happier,” says Jackson, “than when they’re doing meaningful activities”. Yet, he has found that the most common leisure（休闲）activity — watching TV — produces some of the lowest levels of happiness. 5. Active leisure that helps a person grow does not come easily, he writes in Finding Flow.
A. Choose to be happy.
B. Achieve happiness.
C. To get more out of life, we need to put more into it.
D. Yet, psychologists believe we can pursue happiness.
E. Happiness is decided by a good many aspects.
F. More money doesn’t necessarily bring extra happiness.
G. This shifts people away from bitterness, and promotes happiness.
This year, Face book, the social media website announced that it would cooperate with several news organizations — including The New York Times, The Guardian, and the BBC — to place news stories directly into users’ personal Face book webpage. Stories published using Face book Instant will load more quickly and keep the style of the original publisher, who will keep all the advertising income the stories earn — at least for now. The deal shows how important social media has become to news organizations, and is a clear sign of how the world of news is changing — and has been for a while.
Many thought of it as the death of the newspaper, when Google News began in 2002. It had no human editor. Instead Google used, and still uses, a secret computer program that selects and displays news stories according to the reader’s personal interests, More recently, Associated Press and Yahoo have been publishing computer-written articles. Both use special software to automatically produce stories about company financial results and sports reports — areas where the quality of writing is felt to be of secondary importance to the accuracy of the data.
I think we should be concerned about such developments. One concern is that Facebook, Google and other social media websites see journalism as a sideline （副业）, a way of putting people in front of advertisements. It isn’t their primary function — so if it stops making them lots of money, they’re likely to stop doing it.
There’s another concern that computer-written articles are not actually journalism at all, because what a human news team produces is actually quite complex. A well-written news story puts information in context, offers a voice to each side of an argument and brings the public new knowledge.
Although economics and speed of delivery mean readers will probably choose a computer-written story over a carefully shaped article — at least for daily news — I don’t think the computers will be writing any in-depth articles for a while yet.
1.What is the main purpose of the article?
A. To report on a new computer service offered by Facebook.
B. To advise readers against reading computer-written news.
C. To express concern about recent trends in online news.
D. To describe the process of online news reporting.
2.Computer-written news reports have so far focused on sports and finance because ________.
A. these are the most popular topics for online readers
B. writing style is less important than accuracy in these areas
C. information on these topics is more easily available
D. there are fewer journalists specializing in these areas
3.What does the underlined word “It” in Paragraph 3 refer to?
A. Business. B. Advertising.
C. Facebook. D. Journalism.
4.In Paragraph 4, which of the following is mentioned as a characteristic of a well-written news article?
A. The information presented is up-to-date.
B. The author’s opinion is clear.
C. The language used is vivid.
D. Different views on the topic are presented.
Conventional wisdom is a major barrier to innovation（创新）that threatens the survival of companies everywhere. It’s based on the assumption that old ideas will always work, so they shouldn’t be challenged. While this may be a valid assumption in situations that don’t change, it’s unlikely to hold true in a changing situation. In today’s rapid changing global environment, old methods often don’t work, and stubbornly using them can lead to major problems.
Most people seem to agree with conventional wisdom because it gives one a false sense of security. If everyone else believes it, then it must be tree. Individuals who use conventional wisdom are certain that they are right, and being fight is good. They want to continue using old ideas rather than take risks with changes that might not work. In 1977, Ken Olsen, co-founder and CEO of Digital Equipment Corporation（DEC）, stated “There is no reason for any individual to have a computer in his home.” Despite being a dominant leader in the computer industry, DEC no longer exists.
People seem to forget that since innovation is a change, there can be no innovation without change. Unfortunately, conventional wisdom prevents leaders, followers and companies from changing and therefore innovating. If companies don’t innovate, but their competitors do, the future is likely to be problematic（成问题的）. Breaking from conventional wisdom has led to many of the most innovative companies and products in history across many industries, so it has a powerful effect on business success.
Ted Turner（founder of CNN） knew little, if anything, about the news business, but he knew it was inconvenient to watch news only at the dinner hour, as was common before CNN. Turner’s solution was to create a cable （有线的）channel devoted to news 24 hours a day. The news establishment reflected conventional wisdom at the time, and predicted his idea would fail because no one wanted to watch the news all day. However, it doesn’t take a rocket scientist to understand that viewers don’t have to watch the news all day for the CNN to work. Viewers just have to watch when they want to get information. Due to conventional thinking, the critics failed to recognize the opportunity that was clear to Ted. They assumed that only what was familiar to them could work in the future.
Conventional wisdom prevents creativity, flexibility and risk-taking, so unconventional leaders enthusiastically break from it. To survive, boom and maintain competitive advantage, companies must be flexible when reacting to change.
1.DEC has disappeared probably because ________.
A. the CEO stuck to the conventional ideas
B. the consumers didn’t like its products
C. the leaders lacked the sense of security
D. the employees took many risks with changes
2.The founding of CNN is used as an example to prove ________.
A. missing opportunities could lead to failure
B. watching news at the dinner hour is convenient
C. changing could contribute to business success
D. conventional wisdom influences business success
3.What does the underlined part probably mean?
A. Rocket scientists can ensure the CNN works properly.
B. It’s easy to know people needn’t watch the news all the time.
C. It’s necessary to understand when people watch the news.
D. Most of the viewers don’t like to watch the news at work.
4.The passage is mainly written to tell us that ________.
A. old methods are changing with time
B. opportunities lead to business success
C. successful companies need wise leaders
D. conventional wisdom limits innovation
It is named a kind of wooden Eiffel Tower, because of the fact that there was a large wooden platform far out in the lake on which stood an improbably high diving board. It was, I’m sure, the county’s tallest wooden structure and no one had ever been known to jump from it.
So it was quite a shock when our teacher, Mr. David, announced that he would dive off the high board that very afternoon.
Word of his questionable plan was already spreading through town as Mr. David swam out to the platform. He was just a tiny, stick figure when he got there but even from such a distance the high board seemed almost to touch the clouds. Once at the top, he paced the enormously long board, then took some deep breaths and finally stood at edge. He was going to do it.
Several hundred people had gathered at the shore to watch. Mr. David stood for quite a long time, then he raised his arms, took one massive bounce and launched himself into a perfect dive. It was beautiful. He fell with perfect style for what seemed minutes. The crowd fell silent. The only sound to be heard was the faint whistle of his body tearing through the air toward the water far, far below.
But about three quarters of the way down he seemed to have second thoughts and began suddenly to panic, waving his arms and legs like someone having a bad dream. When he was perhaps thirty feet above the water, he gave up on waving and spread his arms and legs wide, apparently hoping that it would somehow slow his fall.
It didn’t.
He hit the water at over six hundred miles an hour. The impact was so loud that it made birds fly out of their trees three miles away. I don’t think he entered the water at all. He just bounced off it, about fifteen feet back into the air. After that, he lay still on the surface, spinning like an autumn leaf.
He was brought to shore by two passing fishermen in a rowboat and placed on an old blanket where he spent the rest of the afternoon. Occasionally he accepted small sips of water, but otherwise was too shocked to speak. From head to toe, he was covered with deep red bruises.
…
It was the best day of my life.
1.How did the writer find Mr. David’s plan to jump from the diving board?
A. Heroic. B. Disappointing.
C. Crazy. D. Confused.
2.In Paragraph 3, Mr David is described as “a tiny, stick figure” because he was ________.
A. very far away B. very small and thin
C. tired after swimming D. sure to be broken
3.Why did Mr. David suddenly start swinging his arms and legs during the dive?
A. He thought it was the best way to slow his fall.
B. He wanted to show his courage.
C. He was signalling the crowd for help.
D. He lost his confidence and started to panic,
4.Which of the following sentences from the passage is an example of a fact?
A. He hit the water at over six hundred miles an hour.
B. He was brought to shore by two passing fishermen in a rowboat.
C. He just bounced off it, about fifteen feet back into the air.
D. The impact was so loud that it made birds fly out of trees up to three miles away.
A Guide
To use or protect all kinds of facilities in the library, follow the procedures given at the circulation desk.
Group Study Rooms（2F）
Students and teaching staff can use these rooms for group study. Students are advised to use unlocked rooms（4 rooms for 2 people, 3 rooms for 4 people） available for free. When you use locked rooms（2 rooms for 4 people, 2 rooms for 10 people）, you need to go through reservation procedures at the circulation desk. These rooms are available for group discussion.
Individual Reading Rooms（1-3F）
There are 4 single rooms available for use by teaching staff and visiting scholars. Each room is equipped with a computer together 1 printer and 6 scanners. Reservation of these rooms is available for a period up to seven days on end.
Meeting Rooms and Seminar Rooms（1-3F）
Only teaching staff and graduate students can apply to use these rooms and reserve them one day in advance. The total number of seats is 40. They are available for workshops and small seminars.
Computer Rooms（4F）
These rooms are available for classes or seminars and so on. The total number of seats is 88. Only teaching staff can apply to use the computer rooms and reserve them one day in advance.
1.How many locked rooms can students and teaching staff use?
A. Two B. Three C. Four D. Seven
2.If teachers want to print, they can go to ________.
A. an individual reading room B. a computer room
C. a group study room D. a seminar room
3.Who can apply to use the computer rooms?
A. Visiting scholars B. Teachers
C. Graduate students D. Teachers and students
