Eat like a king in the morning, a prince at noon, and a peasant at night. This saying is all about the importance of breakfast. And now scientists can tell us just why it’s so important. According to a study carried out at Imperial College London, UK, skipping the first meal of the day not only means you eat more at lunch, but also that your brain wants to find more unhealthy foods.
The study suggests that there is a special part of our brain called the orbitofrontal cortex (眶额皮层), which plays an important part in making choices about what we eat. It is used for identifying the taste of food, especially when skipping breakfast. It is more likely to target high-calorie foods when you’re on an empty stomach.
Scientists did an experiment on this. Dr Tony Goldstone from Imperial College London, scanned (扫描) the brains of 21 men and women, around the age of 25. On the first day, these people skipped breakfast before the scans. On the second day, they had cereal (谷物), bread and jam as breakfast. After the scan on both days, they had their lunch.
When the volunteers had skipped breakfast, they ate around 20 percent more at lunch, compared with days when they had eaten breakfast. Their brain scans also showed the orbitofrontal cortex was especially responsive to high-calorie foods. “We believe that bit identifies the value of foods – how pleasant, how delicious something is,” Goldstone told The Guardian.
1.From Paragraph 1, we learn that _____.
A. scientists found out why eating breakfast is important
B. it’s easy to lose weight without breakfast
C. there’s no need to have good food for supper
D. eating breakfast makes your brain smarter
2.Which is the correct order for the experiment on the first day?
① The volunteers skipped breakfast.
② The volunteers had lunch.
③ The volunteers had a brain scan.
A.①②③ B.③②① C.①③② D.③①②
3.Which of the following is NOT true about the orbitofrontal cortex?
A. It is part of our brain.
B. It tells people to eat breakfast.
C. It decides which food we like.
D. It is active toward high-calorie foods.
4.Which of the following can be the title for this passage?
A. Breakfast still most important
B. Three meals a day
C. Experiments on breakfast
D. Researches on lunch
Many years ago, when I graduated from school and was working in Denver, I was driving to my parents' home in Missouri for Christmas. I stopped at a gas station about 50 miles from Oklahoma City, where I was planning to stop and visit a friend. While I was standing in line at the cash register (收款台), I said hello to an older couple who were also paying for gas.
I took off, but had gone only a few miles when black smoke poured from the back of my car. I stopped and wondered what I should do. A car pulled up behind me. It was the couple I had spoken to at the gas station. They said they would take me to my friend's. We chatted on the way into the city, and when I got out of the car, the husband gave me his business card.
I wrote him and his wife a thank-you note for helping me. Soon afterward, I received a Christmas present from them. Their note that came with it said that helping me had made their holidays meaningful.
Years later, I drove to a meeting in a nearby town in the morning. In late afternoon I returned to my car and found that I'd left the lights on all day, and the battery was dead. Then I noticed that the Friendly Ford dealership－a shop selling cars－was right next door. I walked over and found two salesmen in the showroom.
"Just how friendly is Friendly Ford?" I asked and explained my trouble. They quickly drove a pickup truck to my car and started it. They would accept no payment, so when I got home, I wrote them a note to say thanks. I received a letter back from one of the salesmen. No one had ever taken the time to write him and say thank you, and it meant a lot, he said.
"Thank you"－two powerful words. They're easy to say and mean so much.
1.The words "took off" underlined in Paragraph 2 mean "_____".
A. turned off B. moved off
C. put off D. set up
2.What happened when the author found smoke coming out of his car?
A. He had it pulled back to the gas station.
B. The couple sent him a business card.
C. The couple offered to help him.
D. He called his friend for help.
3.The battery of the author's car was dead because _____.
A. he forgot to turn off the lights
B. the meeting lasted a whole day
C. he drove too long a distance
D. something went wrong with the lights
4. By telling his own experiences, the author tries to show _____.
A. how to write a thank-you letter
B. how to deal with car problems
C. the kind-heartedness of other people
D. the importance of expressing thanks
Canyoning (蹦谷运动)
The sports of canyoning explore the high-energy environment where water meets rock on the coast, or in river canyons. Protected by wetsuits and helmets (头盔), people jump from cliffs (悬崖) and waterfalls and explore caves and river canyons that would not normally be arrived at.
It was pioneered in the U.K. by TYF Adventure (01437 721611, www.tyf.com) and several thousand people leap from the cliffs near St David’s each year. A half day canyoning trip costs ￡50 (￡30 for children under 16).
Scuba diving
Diving is not popular with British people. The challenges of wild waters are greater because the water is colder and not clear enough, but the coasts of Cornwall, Wales and Scotland have some of the best wreck diving in the world.
The British Sub Aqua Club (0870 112 9133 www.bsac.com) and the Professional Association of Diving Instructors (01580 819688 www.padi.com) run courses teaching the important skills right up and to instructor level.
Surfing
The best surfing places in the UK are on the southwest coast where it is warmer and the surf is relatively steady, particularly in Cornwall. The best time of year to surf in the UK is late summer and autumn when water temperatures are at their mildest.
The British Surfing Association (01479 861256 www.britsurf.co.uk) has a list of famous surf schools around the country.
Rock climbing
The most popular natural rocks in Britain include the Peak District, the Lake District, coastal regions, while vast areas of Scotland are a climber’s paradise (天堂). Climbing courses and climbing walls can be located on the website of the British Mountaineering Council (0870 010 4878, www.thebmc.co.uk) which offers a series of short films that take the new climber through a step-by-step guide to visiting a climbing wall for the first time.
1. If a couple with their child of 15 join in Canyoning for a day, they will pay ______.
A. ￡ 130 B. ￡ 260 C. ￡ 160 D. ￡ 320
2. To go surfing, you may phone ______.
A. 01479 861256 B. 0870 010 4878
C. 01437 721611 D. 0870 112 9133
3.Which of the following is NOT well accepted by British people?
A. Canyoning. B. Surfing.
C. Scuba diving. D. Rock climbing.
阅读下面短文，按照句子结构的语法性和上下文连贯的要求，在空格处填入一个适当的词或使用括号中词语的正确形式填空，并将答案填写在的相应位置上。
Not all memories are sweet. Some people spend all 1. lives trying to forget bad experiences. Now American researchers are developing a pill, 2. will help people forget bad memories. The pill is planned to be taken immediately after a 3. (frighten) experience. They hope it might reduce, or possibly erase, the effect of painful memories.
However, the new research has caused a lot of argument. Supporters say bad memories may ruin people’s lives. They come back 4. us when we don’t want to have them in a daydream or nightmare(噩梦). They usually come with very painful feelings. The pill can help to reduce many ____5.____(suffer). But those 6. are against the research say that changing memories __7. (be) very dangerous because memories show who we are.
_____8._____the drug could first be used in only very serious cases, some people even fear that it would become more commonly used. Don’t forget people always have the ability 9. (use) science for the wrong purpose. What we should do is help people to have __10. (good) control of memories.
完形填空
阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
As a young boy my family was very poor. I would often help do something for the neighbors to a little pocket money.
One day I on the door of an elderly woman and asked she needed me to clean the yard. She asked why I was not in and I showed her my worn , which no longer kept me warm. She me to work in the yard. When I finished, she looked at me and said, “I suppose you want to be now.” She then a jar filled with dollar bills and said, “I’m glad you’ve done a job today but that is not something you should be doing again. I want you to new clothes and get back to school. I also want you to come back to me with your report card and I will you when I see you have worked hard and have some good . Now reach out your little hands and take out as much as you can.”
I put my hands in the jar and so much money that it was for me to buy what I badly needed. Later, I returned several times to see the woman and she did just as she . She looked at my report card and gave me a handful of dollars and some delicious food every time I________ her that I had an “A”.
I was twelve years old when I moved from that neighborhood. I will never forget the huge ________ this wonderful lady made over my life with her . This is something I hope to do myself in this lifetime over and over again.
1.A. save B. give C. earn D. change
2.A. turned B. knocked C. worked D. looked
3.A. how B. when C. why D. if
4.A. school B. time C. trouble D. bed
5.A. bag B. carpet C. coat D. sofa
6.A. allowed B. forced C. helped D. stopped
7.A. punished B. tested C. praised D. paid
8.A. set up B. took out C. talked about D. put away
9.A. boring B. new C. fine D. terrible
10.A. keep B. buy C. remove D. make
11.A. visit B. forgive C. welcome D. serve
12.A. recognize B. reward C. understand D. protect
13.A. goals B. stories C. marks D. ideas
14.A. room B. money C. food D. time
15.A. grabbed B. lost C. borrowed D. charged
16.A. rare B. enough C. simple D. special
17.A. promised B. discovered C. knew D. admitted
18.A. asked B. required C. showed D. wrote
19.A. decision B. progress C. mistake D. difference
20.A. courage B. kindness C. honesty D. happiness
The ____ for speeding is so heavy that few drivers would take chances.
A. prize B. fare C. fine D. fee
