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British writer John Bunyan was born at E...

British writer John Bunyan was born at Elstow, Bedfordshire, England, in November, 1628. His father was a maker and mender of pots and kettles, and the son followed the same trade. Though he is usually called a tinker, Bunyan had a settled home and place of business. He had little schooling, and he describes his early surroundings as poor and mean. He became much interested in religions, but it was only after a tremendous spiritual conflict, lasting three or four years, that he found peace. His struggles are related with extraordinary vividness and intensity in his “Grace Abounding to the Chief of Sinners.” His writing began with a controversy against the Quakers (教友派), and shows from the first the command of a homely but vigorous style.

Like most working men at the time, Bunyan had a deep hatred for the corrupted, hypocritical rich who accumulated their wealth “by hook and by crook.” As a stout Puritan(清教徒), he had made a conscientious study of the Bible and firmly believed in salvation (拯救) through spiritual struggle.

Bunyan’s style was modeled after that of the English Bible. With his concrete and living language and carefully observed and vividly presented details, he made it possible for the reader of the least education to share the pleasure of reading his novel and to relive the experience of his characters.

Bunyan’s works include Grace Abounding to the Chief of Sinners (1666), The Life and Death of Mr. Badman (1680), The Holy War (1682) and The Pilgrim’s Progress (1684).

The Pilgrim’s Progress is the most successful religious allegory (寓言) in the English language. Its purpose is to urge people to observe Christian doctrines and seek salvation through constant struggle with their own weaknesses and all kinds of social evils. It is not only about something spiritual but also bears much relevance to the time. Its predominant metaphor life as a journey is simple and familiar. The objects that Christian meets are homely and commonplace, and the scenes presented are typical English ones, but throughout the allegory a spiritual significance is added to the commonplace details. Here the strange is combined with the familiar and the trivial joined to the divine, and, a rich imagination and a natural talent for storytelling also contribute to the success of the work which is at once entertaining and morally instructive.

“The Vanity Fair,” is an excerpt from The Pilgrim’s Progress. The story starts with a dream in which the author sees Christian the Pilgrim, with a heavy burden on his back, reading the Bible. When he learns from the book that the city in which he and his family live shall be burnt down in a fire, Christian tries to convince his family and his neighbors of the oncoming disaster and asks them to go with him in search of salvation, but most of them simply ignore him. So he starts off with a friend, Pliable. Pliable turns back after they stumble into a pit, the Slough of Despond. Christian struggles on by himself. Then he is misled by Mr. Wordly Wiseman and is brought back onto the right road by Mr. Evangelist. There he joins Faithful, a neighbor who has set out later but has made better progress. The two go on together through many adventures, including the great struggle with Apollyon, who claims them to be his subjects and refuse to accept their allegiance to God. After many other adventures they come to the Vanity Fair where both are arrested as alien agitators. They are tried and Faithful is condemned to death. Christian, however manages to escape and goes on his way, assisted by a new friend, Hopeful. Tired of the hard journey, they are tempted to take pleasant path and are then captured by Giant Despair. Finally they got away and reach the Celestial City, where they enjoy eternal life in the fellowship of the blessed.

1.According to the passage, Bunyan hated the rich people mainly because ______.

A. his father was making and mending pots and kettles

B. Bunyan had poor and mean early surroundings

C. the rich usually got their wealth in dishonest ways

D. Bunyan studied the Bible to save the human souls

2.What are the main characteristics of Bunyan’s works?

The languages are concrete and living.

The stories are carefully and vividly described.

The plots are romantic and twisting.

The works are easy to understand.

A. ①②③      B. ②③④        C. ①③④      D.①②④

3.John Bunyan wrote the book The Pilgrim’s Progress in order to ______.

A. advise people to obey religious principles for salvation

B. tell people that life is a simple and familiar journey

C. add spiritual significance to the commonplace details

D. to combine the strange things with the familiar things

4.What moral does the story of the last paragraph convey to us?

A. Any imaginable things might happen in a pilgrim’s dream.

B. Christian the Pilgrim likes reading the Bible with a burden.

C. People can struggle against weaknesses and evils for salvation

D. People can enjoy eternal life in the fellowship of the blessed.

 

1.C 2.D 3.A 4.C 【解析】 试题分析: 文章介绍了英国作家John Bunyan的生平,他的写作风格和他的作品的梗概 1.C细节题:根据第二段的句子:Like most working men at the time, Bunyan had a deep hatred for the corrupted, hypocritical rich who accumulated their wealth “by hook and by crook.” 可知Bunyan憎恨有钱人主要是因为有钱人通常是用不诚实的方法获得财富,选 C 2.D细节题:根据文章第三段的句子:With his concrete and living language and carefully observed and vividly presented details, he made it possible for the reader of the least education to share the pleasure of reading his novel and to relive the experience of his characters可知Bunyan 的作品的特点是:语言具体生动,故事描写很仔细生动,作品很容易理解,所以选D 3.A细节题:根据文章第五段的句子:The Pilgrim’s Progress is the most successful religious allegory (寓言) in the English language. Its purpose is to urge people to observe Christian doctrines and seek salvation through constant struggle with their own weaknesses and all kinds of social evils.可知John Bunyan 写The Pilgrim’s Progress 主要是为了说服人们为了拯救遵守宗教原则,选A 4.C细节题:根据最后一段的句子:Finally they got away and reach the Celestial City, where they enjoy eternal life in the fellowship of the blessed.可知这段提到的故事“The Vanity Fair,”的寓意是人们可以为了拯救和虚弱和邪恶作斗争,选C。 考点:人物类阅读
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The malls were filled with people seeking gifts for their loved ones. Some of the malls remained open around the clock, partly to satisfy our needs to buy gifts.

Behind the materialistic aspect of shopping for gifts lies the idea of caring, being attentive to the desires of special people in our lives. However, to use a well-worn play on words: it is our presence, not our presents, that truly counts. Many of us, unfortunately, can be so inattentive, even in the presence of our loved ones, that we might as well not be there at all.

Attention is one of the greatest gifts we can give each other. Companies around the globe spend billions every year on advertising to catch our attention for just a short moment at a time. Whole industries media, entertainment, education rely on the precious gift of our attention for their continued existence. A baby lacking attention for a long time is likely to be psychologically unhealthy.

In earlier times, both diet and attention could be left unregulated (没人管的) without major cause for concern. There were natural checks and balances: limited availability of food meant few got fat, for example. Similarly, in bygone times we might have spent a few hours communicating with the village storyteller; today, watching an entire TV series, while speaking to nobody, is common. In traditional societies, with smaller population, everyone would get a fair deal of attention. On many issues we might go to see Grandma or Grandpa; now we have Google and Wikipedia.

“She just wants attention.” people tend to think little of those doing things simply for attention. But the truth is that human beings need attention, and giving attention to each other is, to a large extent, what human civilization is based upon. This perhaps explains the runaway success of social networking sites such as Twitter and Facebook. While we use such sites for “micro Hogging”, “idea voicing” and “status updates” the reality is that we are often doing no more or less than fulfilling our basic human drive for attention exchange.

I friend you, you friend me, I retweet you, you retweet me. The charming ease with which we can now get and give attention is why many people appear overly attached to their smart phones. It is also a vicious (恶性的) circle. As ever more people are busy exchanging attention online, there is increasingly less attention to be paid in the real world, which forces more people to seek their attention exchange online, or else risk attention-starvation.

The very nature of attention exchange is being rapidly transformed, and there is a danger that some of us will develop unhealthy practices. Just as eating red meat every day is a bad idea, so it is with too much attention exchange. The biological consequences of our technological advancement in food production are highly visible; heart disease, diabetes and obesity. The consequences of our transformed attention exchanges will be psychological and social, and so may take longer to identify, but they will be equally damaging.

Face-to-face attention is becoming rarer, and therefore more valuable. In a sense it is priceless. And it is a gift that can be given all-year-round.

1.People use social networking sites such as Twitter and Facebook to __________.

A. obtain information

B. give attention to others

C. voice their opinions

D. notice and get noticed

2.What can we infer from Paragraphs 6-7?

A. More people will risk attention-starvation in future.

B. The nature of attention exchange is rarely changed.

C. Technological advancement contributes to all diseases.

D. Transformed attention exchanges do harm to society.

3.The writer’s purpose for writing the passage is to __________.

A. advocate more focus on real life attention

B. analyze the necessity of attention giving

C. give practical tips on attention exchange

D. recommend some social networking sites

 

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Let's say you want to hit the gym more regularly this year. How do you make that happen? Consider putting the habit loop to use.

Here's how it works:

A habit is a 3-step process. First, there's a cue, something that tells your brain to operate automatically. Then there's a routine. And finally, a reward, which helps your brain learn to desire the behavior. It's what you can use to create-or break-habits of your own.

Here's how to apply it:

Choose a cue, like leaving your running shoes by the door, then pick a reward---say, a piece of chocolate when you get home from the gym. That way, the cue and the reward become interconnected. Finally, when you see the shoes, your brain will start longing for the reward, which will make it easier to work out day after day. The best part? In a couple of weeks, you won't need the chocolate at all. Your brain will come to see the workout itself as the reward. Which is the whole point, right?

1.Which of the following best fits in the box with a “?” in THE HABIT LOOP?

A. Pick a new cue.

B. Form a new habit.

C. Choose a new reward.

D. Design a new resolution.

2.What's the purpose of putting the habit loop to use?

A. To test out different kinds of cues.

B. To do something as a habit even without rewards.

C. To work out the best New Year's resolution.

D. To motivate yourself with satisfactory rewards

3.“This year when I see the Harry Potter poster, I will read 30 pages of an English novel or an  English newspaper in order to watch TV for half an hour." What is the cue in this resolution?

A. The Harry Potter poster.

B. Reading 30 pages of an English novel.

C. An English newspaper.

D. Watching TV for half an hour.

 

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完形填空

请认真阅读下面短文,从短文后各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中,选出最佳选项,并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。

When asked by Conan O’Brien if his daughters had smartphones, comedian Louis CK explained that he had ________replied, No, you can’t have it. It's bad for you. I don’t ________  what you want.” This hit home for me because at the time, I was in difficult negotiations with my ten-year-old daughter ________ one. And frankly, she was winning. CK added, “I’m not raising the ________ --- I’m raising the grown-ups that they’re going to be. So just   ________ the other stupid kids have phones doesn’t mean that my kid has to be stupid, or   ________ she’ll feel weird.” OK, I was sold.

Cell phones are “toxic, especially for kids,” he said, because they don’t help them learn empathy, one of the nicer human ________  . When we text, the ________ we get is in cold, hard text-speak. Why are kids ________? he asked. “Because they’re trying it out. They look at another kid and go. ‘You’re fat.’ Then they find the kid’s unhappy, and they think, Ooh, that doesn’t feel   ________.” There, they’ve experienced empathy. Texting “you’re fat” allows you to bypass the pain you’ve caused.

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“Everybody’s murdering each other with their cars” as they text, CK screamed, because they fear being alone. Too bad —they’re missing out on a life affirming experience.

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2.A. reject  B. care C. neglect D. separate

3.A. by B. from C. over D. beyond

4.A. children B. money C. standard D. doubts

5.A. after B. unless C. though D. because

6.A. otherwise B. nevertheless C. rarely D. moreover

7.A. emotions B. hobbies C. issues  D. weaknesses

8.A. error B. response C. trouble D. danger

9.A. proud B. stupid C. mean D. delighted

10.A. upset B. awkward C. good D. crazy

11.A. creative B. smart C. critical D. alone

12.A. spare B. occupy C. value D. miss

13.A. focus B. wander C. make D. occur

14.A. even B. still C. ever D. except

15.A. figuring B. finding C. missing D. taking

16.A. capable B. accessible C. changeable D. miserable

17.A. reaching B. answering C. applying D. begging

18.A. pulled B. turned C. got D. came

19.A. reminded B. denied C. rewarded D. neglected

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