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1. If you are growing tomatoes in your backyard for sale，you are producing for the market. You might sell some to your neighbor and some to the local manager of the supermarket. But in either case, you are producing for the market. 2. If people stop buying tomatoes, you will stop producing them. If you take care of a sick person to earn money, you are producing for the market. If your father is a steel worker or a truck driver or a doctor or a grocer, he is producing goods or service for the market.
3. You may spend money in stores, supermarkets, gas stations and restaurants. Still you are buying from the market. When the local grocer hires you to drive the delivery truck, he is buying your labor in the labor market.
4. But for each person or business that is making and selling something, it is very concrete(具体的). If nobody buys your tomatoes, it won’t be long before you get the message. 5. It is telling you that you are using energies and resources in doing something the market doesn’t want you to do.
A. The market may be something abstract(抽象的).
B. The sellers are always smarter than buyers.
C. When you spend your income, you are buying things from the market.
D. The market is a concept.
E. One has to make his ends meet when shopping.
F. The market is telling you something.
G. Your efforts are being directed by the market.
One day, around Christmas time, fishermen off the west coast of Peru started on their traditional fishing trip. Much to their surprise, there were no fish! They knew immediately what had happened. Tales from years gone by had told them this was the result of El Nino which sometimes stop fishing for many months!
El Nino is a warm current that comes and goes along the west coast of South America. It got its name from fishermen in Peru more than a century ago. Every few years, they noticed a sudden warming in the normally cool Pacific water where they fished. Because this warming often came about around Christmas, they called it El Nino, which is Spanish for the “Christ Child”. Generally, El Nino occurs every three to seven years and lasts only a few weeks to a month or more.
El Nino warms the water it flows through. Because the fish and sea birds need cold water to live, many of them die when El Nino comes through. El Nino also causes both floods and droughts. It is believed that El Nino may have caused the 1993 Mississippi and 1995 California floods. And at the same time, it may have caused droughts in South America, Africa and Australia.
El Nino has occurred thirteen times within the last fifty years, bringing natural disasters to many countries such as Indonesia and Peru. However, El Nino does not often trouble China. During this period China was badly hit by El Nino only once. In 1998, North China had a terrible drought, while South China was troubled by floods.
1.The underlined word "current" （in Paragraph 2）most probably refers to “______”.
A. water B. wind C. atmosphere D. climate
2.According to the passage, which of the following is TRUE about El Nino?
A. It happens in November and December.
B. It was named by some Spanish fishermen.
C. It only happens in South America.
D. It lasts a few weeks or more.
3.If El Nino happens, the following will take place EXCEPT ______.
A. rises in temperature of the sea water
B. diseases spreading around the world
C. floods and droughts
D. death of fish and sea birds
4.The purpose of this passage is ______.
A. to discuss the prevention of El Nino
B. to explain how El Nino trouble farmers
C. to let us know about El Nino
D. to tell us how to prepare for El Nino
Music notes fly through my ears.
Soft sounds float in the air，
as if they are floating on water.
Music is like a paintbrush，
painting sounds in the sky.
A warm sun shining bright，
clouds drifting far away in the night，
to the sounds of music.
Music is nature’s friend，
as one paints our earth，
and the other fills our hearts.
1.The writer associates music with the following EXCEPT ______.
A. sounds floating on water
B. a paintbrush painting sounds in the sky
C. one friend of nature
D. a person who plays music
2.The poem expresses the idea that the author______.
A. likes to fly in the air with the sound of music
B. likes painting clouds while listening to music very much
C. enjoys music because music can comfort his heart
D. would like to compose music with his paintbrush by himself
3.What may be the best title for this poem?
A. Painting B. Music C. Sunshine D. Warmhearted
Some problems are difficult to solve. But there are a lot of number expressions that can help. For example, if we put two and two together, we might come up with the right answer. We know that two heads are better than one. It is always better to work with another person to solve a problem. Some problems have only one solution. You cannot be of two minds over this. But with any luck，we can solve the problem in two shakes of a lamb’s tail. In other words，we could have our answers quickly and easily.
Sometimes we can kill two birds with one stone. That is, we can complete two goals with only one effort or action. But we must remember that two wrongs don’t make a right. If someone does something bad to you, you should not do the same to him.
If you are going out with your girlfriend，or boyfriend，but you don’t want another friend to go along on your date，you can just say to your friend: two’s company, three’s a crowd.
When I was a young child in school, I had to learn the three R’ s. These important skills are reading, writing and arithmetic. These three words do not all start with the letter “R”. But they have the sound of “R”. My teacher used to give three cheers when I did well in maths. They gave praise and approval for a job well done.
Some of my friends were confused and did not understand their school work. They were at sixes and sevens. In fact, they did not care if they finished high school. But they were happy when they completed their studies and graduated from high school. They were in seventh heaven. They were on cloud nine. Nine times out of ten students who do well in school find good jobs. Some work in an office doing the same things every day at nine-to-five jobs. You do not have to dress to the nines, or wear your best clothes, for this kind of work.
1.If you solve a problem without any difficulty, you can also say that you can do it .
A. in seventh heaven B. on cloud nine
C. at sixes and sevens D. in two shakes of a lamb’s tail
2.When Tom wins first place in the game，we can congratulate him by using “ ” according to the passage.
A. dress up to the nines
B. give three cheers
C. kill two birds with one stone
D. put two and two together
3.Which of the following has the similar meaning to “in all probability” ？
A. Two wrongs don’t make a right.
B. Two’s company, three’s a crowd.
C. Nine times out of ten.
D. Two heads are better than one.
4.What is the best title of the passage?
A. Interesting Number Expressions
B. The Importance of Numbers
C. Number Stories
D. Use Numbers
In 1826, a Frenchman named Niepce needed pictures for his business. But he was not a good artist. So he invented a very simple camera. He put it in a window of his house and took a picture of his yard. That was the first photograph.
The next important date in the history of photography was 1837. That year, Daguerre, another Frenchman, took a picture of his studio. He used a new kind of camera and a different process. In his pictures, you could see everything very clearly, even the smallest details. This kind of photograph was called a daguerreotype.
Soon, other people began to use Daguerre’s process. Travelers brought back daguerreotypes from all around the world. People photographed famous buildings, cities and mountains.
In about 1840, the process was improved. Then photographers could take pictures of people and moving things. The process was not simple. The photographers had to carry lots of films and processing equipment. But this did not stop the photographers, especially in the United States. After the 1840s , daguerreotype artists were popular in most cities.
Mathew Brady was a well-known American photographer. He took many pictures of famous people. The pictures were unusual because they were very life-like and full of personality.
Brady was also the first person to take pictures of war. His 1862 Civil War pictures showed dead soldiers and ruined cities. They made the war seem more real and more terrible.
In the 1880s, new inventions began to change photography. Photographers could buy films readymade in rolls. So they did not have to make the film themselves. Also, they did not have to process the film immediately. They could bring it back to their studios and develop it later meaning that they did not have to carry lots of equipment. And finally, the invention of the small handheld camera made photography less expensive.
With the small camera, anyone could be a photographer. People began to use cameras just for fun. They took pictures of their families, friends and favorite places. They called these pictures “snapshot”.
Photographs became very popular in newspapers in the 1890s. Soon magazines and books also used documentary photographs. These pictures showed true events and people. They were much more real than drawing.
Photography also turned into a form of art by the end of the 10th century. Some photographs were not just copies of the real world. They showed ideas and feelings, like other art forms.
1.The passage is mainly about _____.
A. the invention of cameras
B. how to develop films
C. the development of photography
D. the important dates in the history of photography
2.The first pictures of a war were taken by _____.
A. a French photographer in the 1840s
B. an American photographer in the 1860s
C. a German reporter in the 1880s
D. a French artist in the 1890s
3.Photography can also be an art form because artists can _____.
A. take anything they like
B. keep a record of real life
C. take photos of the famous
D. show ideas and feeling in pictures
4.According to the passage, which of the followings shows the correct order?
a. Photographs became popular in newspapers.
b. Photographers carried processing equipment while taking pictures.
c. The invention of small handheld cameras made photography easier.
d. Daguerre invented a kind of photograph called daguerreotype.
e. Brady took pictures of famous people.
A. e, a, d, b, c B. d, b, e, c, a
C. b, e, c, a, d D. d, c, e, a, b
语法填空
阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。
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There is a man who was born1.______a passion to succeed . When he was young, he told his classmates , “Someday, I will be one of the greatest basketball2.______(play)in basketball history.” Nobody believed him, 3.____ he still worked hard playing basketball. In 2008, he won a gold medal as a member of the 2008 Summer Olympics U.S. Men's Basketball Team, occasionally 4.______(refer)
to as "The Redeem Team." Nothing is 5.______ (possible)for a willing heart. He said , “were it not for my persistence(坚持）, I 6._______(not make) such achievements.”
In order to be the best player, he has been looking for examples 7.________ inspire him from all aspects , not 8.______from Michael Jordan but also from Bruce Lee. And he believes all the time that the only way to win is to keep leaning, and training. Once a journalist asked him, “ What made you achieve your success?” He smiled and responded, “ Have you ever seen the scene of Los Angeles at 4am? I see often, because I 9.___________(start) training since that time.” To seize every opportunity to prove yourself to everyone , to those who say you can never succeed is 10.________ he wants to convey to us today -- --positive energy . This great man is Kobe Bryant , one who pursues his dream strongly , who pays everything for his dream.
