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完形填空 阅读下面的短文, 从短文后各题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中, 选...

完形填空

阅读下面的短文, 从短文后各题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中, 选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项, 并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。

Charlotte Whitehead was born in England in 1843, and moved to Montreal, Canada at the age of five with her family. While      her ill elder sister throughout the years, Charlotte discovered she had a(an)        in medicine. At 18 she married and        a family. Several years later, Charlotte said she wanted to be a       . Her husband supported her decision.      , Canadian medical schools did not       women students at the time. Therefore, Charlotte went to the United States to study       at the Women’s Medical College in Philadelphia. It took her five years to      her medical degree.

Upon graduation, Charlotte      to Montreal and set up a private     . Three years later, she moved to Winnipeg, Manitoba, and there she was once again a      doctor. Many of her patients were from the nearby timber and railway camps. Charlotte      herself operating on damaged limbs and setting      bones, in addition to delivering all the babies in the area.

But Charlotte had been practicing without a license. She had       a doctor’s license in both Montreal and Winnipeg, but was    . The Manitoba College of Physicians and Surgeons, an all-male board, wanted her to    her studies at a Canadian medical college! Charlotte refused to       her patients to spend time studying what she already knew. So in 1887, she appealed to the Manitoba Legislature to       a license to her but they, too, refused. Charlotte     to practice without a license until 1912. She died four years later at the age of 73.

In 1993, 77 years after her      , a medical license was issued to Charlotte. This decision was made by the Manitoba Legislature to honor “this courageous and pioneering woman.”

1.A. raising         B. teaching             C. nursing              D. missing

2.A. habit           B. interest             C. opinion              D. voice

3.A. invented        B. selected             C. offered              D. started

4.A. doctor        B. musician             C. lawyer               D. physicist

5.A. Besides       B. Unfortunately        C. Otherwise            D. Eventually

6.A. hire          B. entertain            C. trust                D. accept

7.A. history         B. physics              C. medicine             D. law

8.A. improve         B. save                 C. design               D. earn

9.A. returned      B. escaped             C. spread               D. wandered

10.A. school        B. museum               C. clinic              D. lab

11.A. busy         B. wealthy              C. greedy               D. Lucky

12.A. helped         B. found                C. troubled             D. imagined

13.A. harmful       B. tired                C. broken              D. weak

14.A. put away       B. taken over           C. turned in           D. applied for

15.A. punished      B. refused              C. blamed              D. fired

16.A. display        B. change             C. preview              D. complete

17.A. leave          B. charge               C. test                 D. cure

18.A. sell           B. donate               C. issue                D. show

19.A. continued    B. promised             C. pretended            D. dreamed

20.A. birth          B. death               C. wedding             D. graduation

 

1.C 2.B 3.D 4.A 5.B 6.D 7.C 8.D 9.A 10.C 11.A 12.B 13.C 14.D 15.B 16.D 17.A 18.C 19.A 20.B 【解析】 试题分析:理想是人类奋斗的阶梯,本文讲述的是立志成为医生的Charlotte虽然经历了很多困难,但她仍然坚持自己的理想并为之努力奋斗的故事。 1.C 动词词义辨析。由后面的“her ill elder sister”可知,Charlotte多年护理自己体弱多病的姐姐。动词raise意为“提高,养育”;teach意为“教导”;nurse意为“护理”;miss意为“思念;错过”。根据句意,答案选C。 2.B 名词词义辨析。由后文可知,Charlotte在结婚后到美国的医学院去学习医学,所以她应该是发现自己对医学感兴趣。名词habit意为“习惯”;interest意为“兴趣”;opinion意为“观点”;voice意为“声音”。 3.D 动词词义辨析。句意为:她18岁的时候结婚成家了。start a family意为“成家”。动词invent意为“发明”;select意为“挑选”;offer意为“提供”;start意为“开始”。 4.A 名词词义辨析。由后文可知,Charlotte在结婚后到美国的医学院去学习医学,后来她成为了一名医生,所以她想成为一名医生。名词doctor意为“医生”;musician意为“音乐家”;lawyer意为“律师”; physicist 意为“物理学家”。 5.B 副词词义辨析。由“Canadian medical school did not…”可知,加拿大的医学校不招收女学生,所以此处用unfortunately。副词besides意为“此外”;unfortunately意为“不幸地是”;otherwise意为“否则”;eventually 意为“最后,终于”。所以答案选B。 6.D 动词词义辨析。由下文的“…Charlotte went to the United States to…”可知,加拿大的学校不收女学生。动词hire意为“雇佣”;entertain意为“娱乐”;trust意为“信任”;accept意为“接受”。所以答案选D。 7.C 名词词义辨析。根据前文可知,Charlotte是学医学,故答案选C。名词history项意为“历史”;physics意为“物理”;medicine意为“医学”;law意为“法律”。所以答案选C。 8.D 动词词义辨析。句意为:她花了五年时间获得了医学学位。动词improve意为“提高”;save意为“救,节省”;design意为“设计”;earn意为“赚得,获得”。根据句意,答案选D。 9.A 动词词义辨析。由前文可知,Charlotte是离开加拿大去美国学习医学,五年之后应该是回到加拿大,故答案选returned意为“返回”。动词return意为“返回”;escape意为“逃跑”;spread意为“传播,蔓延”;wander意为“徘徊,流浪”。所以答案选A。 10.C名词词义辨析。句意为:毕业后,Charlotte回到蒙特利尔开办了一个私人诊所。名词school意为“学校”;museum意为“博物馆”;clinic意为“诊所”;lab意为“实验室”。根据文章可知,Charlotte学习医学想成为一名医生,所以此处应是开办诊所。 11.A 形容词辨析。由下文的“Many of her patients…Charlotte …in addition to delivering all the babies in the area. ”可知,Charlotte要做的工作很多,是一个忙碌的医生。形容词busy项意为“繁忙的,忙碌的”;wealthy意为“富有的”;gready意为“贪婪的”;lucky意为“幸运的”。所以答案选A。 12.B 动词词义辨析。此处是find oneself doing的用法,意为“发现自己不知不觉在做某事”。根据语境可知,Charlotte发现自己在不知不觉中给受伤的四肢做手术,接好断了的骨骼,还有给这个地区所有的婴儿接生。动词help意为“帮忙”;find意为“发现”;trouble意为“惹麻烦”;imagine意为“想象”。所以答案选B。 13.C 形容词词义辨析。由前文的“…operating on damaged limbs ”可知,此处应是broken意为“破碎的,坏掉的”。形容词harmful意为“有害的”;tired意为“疲惫的”;broken意为“坏掉的”;weak意为“虚弱的”。所以答案选C。 14.D 动词短语辨析。由前一句可知,Charlotte没有执照,所以她要申请一个医生执照。短语put away意为“放好,抛弃”;take over意为“接管,接收”;turn in意为“上交”;apply for意为“申请”。D项符合句意。 15.B 动词词义辨析。由下文的“…but they ,too, refused.”可知,Charlotte被拒绝了。动词punish意为“惩罚”;refuse意为“拒绝”;blame意为“责备”;fire意为“解雇,起火”。所以答案选B。 16.D 动词辨析。根据句意可知,the Manitoba College of Physicians and Surgeons希望Charlotte在加拿大完成学业。动词display意为“展示,展览”;change意为“改变”;preview意为“预习”;complete意为“完成”。所以答案选D。 17.A 动词词义辨析。根据上下文可知,the Manitoba College of Physicians and Surgeons希望Charlotte在加拿大完成学业,但是Charlotte不愿离开她的的患者把时间花在自己已经知道的东西上面。动词leave意为“离开”;charge意为“掌管,充电,要价,控告”;test意为“测试,检测”;cure意为“治愈”。所以答案选A。 18.C 动词词义辨析。根据前文可知,Charlotte不愿离开她的的患者去完成学业,所以她要求the Manitoba Legislature 给她发一个证书。动词sell意为“卖”;donate意为“捐献”;issue意为“颁发,发给”;show意为“展示”。四个选项中只有issue符合句意,故答案选C。 19.A动词词义辨析。句意为:Charlotte没有医生执照,但她一直工作到1912年。根据后面的until 1912可知,她一直在继续自己的工作。动词continue意为“继续”;promise意为“许诺,承诺”;pretend意为“假装”;dream意为“梦想”。所以答案选A。 20. 【名师点睛】 在完成完形填空时,我们要做到瞻前顾后 寻找关联,然后再做到完形完义 立足全局。 完形填空题的特点基于整个语篇的理解,不从单句入手,有时如果从某一个单句来理解,四个选项都可以填入,但从整个语篇来看,答案只有一个。一般来讲,一个学生如果具有较高语言水平,较好的文化背景知识,史地及其他知识比较丰富的话,做该题型的困难就会比较少;可容忍被挖掉的词就会多一些,反之亦然。但对于相同知识水平的学生来讲,讲究方法就尤其重要了。在做题目的时候,首先要对空格前后句子,然后对该空格相应的选项进行全面分析。通过瞻前顾后,寻找关联来确定空格中的词的词性、意思、和功能。如果是功能性的空格,则要求学生填入虚词即连词、介词、冠词等,那么就应根据功能来选答案。如果是语法问题,那么就要考虑时态和语态是否符合上下文、主谓是否一致;如果是语义空格,那么则要求考生填入实词即动词、名词、形容词、副词、代词等,那么就要 通过上下文进行分析,根据文章的语义环境,做到瞻前顾后,寻找关联。 做完形填空有两个程序:一是完形(选择选项,然后填补空白);二是完义(阅读短文,然后理解短文)。但是完形必须在完义的基础上进行,也就是说首先要在阅读理解短文的基础上做好完形。完形必须服从完义,单句必须服从段落,段落必须服从全文,局部必须服从全局。因此,我们在做完形填空题时,不能读一句做一句,更不能看到就填,这样往往要出差错。先从整体到局部完义,再从局部到整体完形,完形完义,立足全局。 考点:考查记叙文阅读
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根据短文内容, 从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项, 选项中有两项为多余选项。

How do you get a good night’s sleep?

You may put your pillow (枕头) at the proper height, drink a glass of hot milk or maybe listen to some light music before bedtime.     1.   When World Sleeping Day falls on March 21, it will be a good time to explore a long-ignored fact that may make you feel tired after you wake up. Scientists have discovered that the position of your spine (脊椎) is very important when you sleep.

2.  Let’s have a look at the advantages and disadvantages of each position.

On your back

Sleeping on your back is the ideal (理想的) position to be in. First of all, your spine is in the best position.     3.   The downside is the greater likelihood of snoring (打鼾) and sleep apnea (窒息).

Lying on belly

4.   Dr Vaclav Vojta, a US child development specialist, said this is bad for your back because it takes away the natural curve (曲线) of your lumbar (腰部的) spine. But he also noted that this helps to prevent some snoring and sleep apnea.

On your side

Sleeping on our sides happened naturally while we were in the womb (子宫).    5.   Plus, sleeping on your side (the left side in particular) has been reported to reduce troublesome digestive problems like heartburn. The downside is the “dead arm” and finger numbness (麻木) from this position.

A. Lying face down with your legs straight and your arms right by your sides is a bad idea.

B. Sleeping on your side can be a quick fix for snoring and can help to improve breathing.

C. Do you and your friends ever talk about your sleeping position with each other?

D. And a new study suggests that the sleeping position has something to do with it.

E. Of the three sleeping positions, which one do you usually go for?

F. You are also less likely to have digestive (消化的) problems.

G. But one thing you may tend to ignore is sleeping positions.

 

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The defeat of Lee Sedol, the world’s strongest Go (围棋) player, by a Google artificial intelligence (AI) program, looks like another milestone towards a world where computers can do almost anything a human can. It is not. There are uncountable things that only a human can do, and that no computer seems close to. The problem is that the purely human things are not economically useful to anyone. The things that computers can be taught to do are by contrast economically fantastic. But even the most powerful programs are not human, just as a shovel (铲车). They have no feelings. What they have is power, but this power is growing at a rate that should frighten us all.

It might be less frightening if computers were truly intelligent, but even the most powerful networks are less human than monstrous Martians (火星人). Their power will be used to make money for the firms that finance their development, and then for others quick and clever enough to take advantage of the new world. It is far more likely that they will increase inequality and still further remove the middle classes as we move towards an hourglass (以金钱来衡量的) society in which everyone is either very rich or very poor and likely indebted.

One of the ill effects of the spread of more intelligent computer networks is, at the same time, the spread of what might be called artificial stupidity. If AI is employed largely to replace unskilled labour, it is most productive when labour is kept unskilled or redefined that way. So much of the work in service industries is now simplified until it might be automated (自动化). And robots will never need pensions(养老金). AI is slowly reducing skilled work, like some forms of medical diagnosis (诊断), at the same time, as older doctors complain that the traditional human skills of diagnosis are falling out of medical training. The belief that everything worthwhile can be measured and then managed is far more damaging to humanity than the threat of artificial intelligence on its own.

But no victory in complicated Go games can bring us closer to truly human-like computers.

1.By mentioning the defeat of Lee Sedol, the author intends to tell us that ______.

A. computers can completely replace humans in everything

B. humans are of no practical economic values to the society

C. the power of computers is growing at a frightening rate

D. AI programs can not compare with humans economically

2.We can learn from Paragraph 2 that the power of computers will ______.

A. improve the quality of human life

B. widen the gap between the rich and the poor

C. make contributions to human development

D. promote equality at work places

3.What is the author’s attitude towards the future of artificial intelligence?

A. Optimistic.   B. Supportive.

C. Cautious.   D. doubtful.

 

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Ireland has had a very difficult history. The problems started in the 16th century when English rulers tried to conquer (征服) Ireland. For hundreds of years, the Irish people fought against the English. Finally, in 1921, the British government was forced to give independence to the south of Ireland. The result is that today there are two "Irelands". Northern Ireland, in the north, is part of the United Kingdom. The Republic of Ireland, in the south, is an independent country.

In the 1840s, the main crop, potatoes, was affected by disease and about 750,000 people died of hunger. This, and a shortage (短缺) of work, forced many people to leave Ireland and live in the USA, the UK, Australia and Canada. As a result of these problems, the population fell from 8.2 million in 1841 to 6.6 million in 1851.

For many years, the majority of Irish people earned their living as farmers. Today, many people still work on the land but more and more people are moving to the cities to work in factories and offices. Life in the cities is very different from life in the countryside, where things move at a quieter and slower pace.

The Irish are famous for being warm-hearted and friendly. Oscar Wilde, a famous Irish writer, once said that the Irish were “the greatest talkers since the Greeks”. Since independence, Ireland has revived (复兴) its own culture of music, language, literature and singing. Different areas have different styles of old Irish songs which are sung without instruments. Other kinds of Irish music use many different instruments such as the violin, whistles, etc.

1.What does the author tell us in paragraph 1?

A. how the Irish fought against the English.

B. how Ireland gained independence.

C. how English rulers tried to conquer Ireland.

D. how two "Irelands" came into being.

2.We learn from the text that in Ireland __________.

A. food shortages in the 1840s led to a decline in population

B. people are moving to the cities for lack of work in the countryside

C. it is harder to make a living as a farmer than as a factory worker

D. different kinds of old Irish songs are all sung with instruments

3.The last paragraph is mainly about __________.

A. the Irish character

B. Irish culture

C. Irish musical instruments

D. a famous Irish writer

4.What can be the best title for the text?

A. life in Ireland

B. A Very difficult history

C. Ireland, past and present

D. the independence of Ireland

 

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Astronauts on shorter shuttle missions often work very long days. Tasks are scheduled so tightly that break times are often used to finish the day’s work. This type of schedule is far too demanding for long missions on the International Space Station(ISS). ISS crew members usually live in space for at least a quarter of a year. They work five days on and two days off to mimic the normal way they do things on Earth as much as possible. Weekends give the crew valuable time to rest and do a few hours of housework. They can communicate with family and friends by email, Internet phone and through private video conferences.

While astronauts cannot go to a baseball game or a movie in orbit, there are many familiar activities that they can still enjoy.  Before a mission, the family and friends of each ISS crew member put together a collection of family photos, massages, videos and reading material for the astronauts to look at when they will be floating 370 kilometers above the Earth. During their mission, the crew also receives care packages with CDs, books, magazines,  photos and letters. And as from early 2010, the Internet became available on the ISS, giving astronauts the chance to do some “web surfing” in their personal time. Besides relaxing with these more common entertainments, astronauts can simply enjoy the experience of living in space.

Many astronauts say that one of the most relaxing things to do in space is to look out of the window and stare at the universe and the Earth. Both the shuttle and the ISS circle the planet several times each day, and every moment offers a new view of the Earth’s vast mass and oceans.

1.What does the word “mimic”in Paragraph 1 probably mean?

A.  find       B.  copy         C. change                      D. lose

2.Which of the following best describes the families of the astronauts on the ISS?

A. They are excited and curious.

B. They are  impatient and annoyed

C. They are worried and upset.

D. They are caring and thoughtful

3.In the final paragraph, the author shows that astronauts __________.

A.  get more pleasure in space than on the Earth

B.  find living in space a bit boring and tiring

C. love to see the Earth from space

D. regard space life as common

4.The passage mainly discusses how astronauts __________.

A. spend their free time in space

B. observe the Earth from space

C. connect with people on the Earth

D. work for longer missions in space

 

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Through the following four cultural relics, the world has known about Korea’s cultural treasures.

Pulguksa Temple

Pulguksa Temple plays an important part in the history of Korean temples. The building of Pulguksa Temple began in 751. In the year 774 the large temple was finished, becoming an important center for Korean national-protection Buddhism(佛教). The way used to create the store structure gave the temple a look of beauty. The building thus represents the excellent Korean sculpting(雕刻).

Sokkuram Cave

Sokkuram Cave is a man-made cave, which has been sculpted from white stone in special sculpting ways. In the cave, a seated Buddha is the main statue. On the walls around him are found 38 other statues and the Four Heavenly Kings. This stone cave is one of Korea’s greatest places, built when Shilla’s religion, science and sculpture were at the height. It shows Shilla’s knowledge of math, physics and art.

Haeinsa Temple

Haeinsa Temple’s Changgyong Panjon (藏经板库) is a world-class cultural treasure. It has 81,340 wooden blocks. Millions of Chinese characters were caved on the blocks. In addition to its artistic value, it is famous as the oldest Buddhist canon(教义)in the world today. The building is beautiful. What’s more important is that its design allows for natural wind as well as temperature control. Each book is 69.5cm in width and 23.9cm in height. There are 23 lines on each of the blocks and each line contains fourteen characters.

Changdokkung palace

Changdokkung palace, one of the five places of the Chosen Dynasty, was built in 1405. The oldest structure is Tonhwammun Gate. Other ancient buildings include Injongjon hall, Sonjongjon Hall and Taejojon Hall. The back garden for kings remains a great example of the ancient Korean scenery.

1.What do we know about Pulguksa Temple?

A. It is the largest temple in the world.

B. It allows for temperature control.

C. It was built with white stone.

D. It took more than 20 years to build it.

2.Which of the following cultural relics is among the best in the world?

A. Pulguksa Temple      B. Sokkuram Cave

C. Haeinsa Temple       D. Changdokkung palace

3.What can we learn from the text?

A. Haeinsa Temple has millions of stone blocks.

B. Tourists can learn about ancient king’ lives in Changdokkung palace.

C. Koreans learnt from Chinese to build all the four cultural relics.

D. The Four heavenly kings are the main statues of Sokkuram Cave.

4.The best title for the text could be __________.

A. Korea’s Four Cultural Relics

B. Buddhism in Korean

C. Temples in Korea

D. Palaces in Korea

 

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