阅读理解。
Don’t be surprised if you see a group of people dancing or shouting on the square. They are a flash mob (快闪族). Confused by their name? Actually, a flash mob, organized with the help of the Internet or other digital communications networks, is a group of people who gather suddenly in a public place, do something unusual for a period of time, such as exchanging books, coming together to look at the sky, waving their hands and shouting something at the top of their lungs for 30 seconds, and then quickly disappear before the police can arrive.
Bill Wasik, senior editor of Harper’s Magazine, organized the first flash mob in Manhattan in May 2003 and the first successful flash mob gathered on June 3, 2003 at Macy’s department store involving 100 people gathering on Macy’s Department Store. Following this, about 200 people flooded the lobby of the Hyatt hotel, applauding in one voice for fifteen seconds, and next participants pretending to be tourists on a trip invaded a shoe shop in Soho. A later mob saw hundreds of people in Central Park making bird noises.
Wasik claimed that he created flash mobs as a social experiment designed to tease hipsters (追逐时尚的人), and highlight the cultural atmosphere of agreement and of being part of “the next big thing”. Many web logs, chat rooms and Web groups are devoted to the craze. Though flash mobs were originally regarded as useless, the concept has already developed for the benefit of political and social events. Flash mobbing takes advantage of the efficiency of communicating information on Websites and by email, and protesters can similarly use the “on and off” concept to be involved in political events. Such flash mob gatherings can sometimes shock or frighten people who are not aware of what is taking place. They also have enormous economic potential, such as using flash mobs to advertise a product.
The flash mob is now becoming more and more popular. People use it to do many things. For example, in 2009, hundreds of Michael Jackson’s fans took part in a flash mob to remember him, gathering outside the railway station in Liverpool, singing and dancing Michael’s famous song, beat it together. In another example, some people took part in a flash mob to warn people against negative words. Flash mobs give people from all walks of life an opportunity to come together to create a memory.
1.A flash mob is most likely to .
A. give out leaflets of a brand bicycle to the passers-by
B. gather in public places performing and leave quickly
C. plan to go mountaineering on the first day of Horse Year
D. sit for days in front of the city hall for higher wages
2.According to the passage, what contribute(s) most to the popularity of the flash mob?
A. Harper’s Magazine. B. The government.
C. Political events. D. Digital networks.
3.The purpose of the writing is .
A. to amuse and interest
B. to argue and advise
C. to describe and introduce
D. to question and comment
阅读理解。
Today, roller skating is easy and fun. But a long time ago, it wasn’t easy at all. Before 1750, the idea of skating didn’t exist. That changed because of a man named Joseph Merlin. Merlin’s work was making musical instruments. In his spare time he liked to play the violin. Joseph Merlin was a man of ideas and dreams. People called him a dreamer.
One day Merlin received an invitation to attend a fancy dress ball. He was very pleased and a little excited. As the day of the party came near, Merlin began to think how to make a grand entrance at the party. He had an idea. He thought he would get a lot of attention if he could skate into the room.
Merlin tried different ways to make himself roll. Finally, he decided to put two wheels under each shoe. These were the first roller skates. Merlin was very proud of his invention and dreamed of arriving at the party on wheels while playing the violin.
On the night of the party Merlin rolled into the room playing his violin. Everyone was greatly surprised to see him. There was just one problem. Merlin had no way to stop his roller skates. He rolled on and on. Suddenly, he ran into a huge mirror that was hanging on the wall. Down fell the mirror, breaking to pieces. Nobody forgot Merlin’s grand entrance for a long time!
1.The text is mainly about __________.
A. a strange man
B. an unusual party
C. how roller skating began
D. how people enjoyed themselves in the 18th century
2.People thought Merlin was a dreamer because he __________.
A. was full of imagination
B. was a gifted musician
C. invented the roller skates
D. often gave others surprises
3.Merlin put wheels under his shoes in order to __________.
A. show his skill in walking on wheels
B. arrive at the party sooner
C. test his invention
D. impress the party guests
书面表达
两位年近六旬的老人不会说英语，也没出过国，为了与女儿团聚，看望刚刚出生的外孙，远赴美国。他们的女儿连写带画地为父母做了一份出行攻略。
请根据以上三幅女儿为父母手绘的出行攻略，用英语写一篇作文。
【写作内容】
1．用约30词概述手绘攻略的特点；
2．概述你看了此攻略后的感受(至少两点)；
3．举例说明你能为父母或长辈做些什么(至少两点)。
【写作要求】
1．词数150左右。开头部分已写好，不计入词数。
2．作文中不得提及考生所在学校和本人姓名。
To make it easier for her parents to get to America，a young woman has drawn three pictures．
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阅读填空
请认真阅读下列短文，并根据所读内容在文章后表格中的空格里填入一个最恰当的单词。
注意：请将答案写在答题纸上相应题号的横线上。每个空格只填一个单词。
Family structure is the core of any culture．A major function of the family is to socialize new members of a culture．As children are raised in a family setting，they learn to become members of the family as well as members of the larger culture．The family provides the model for all other relationships in society．Through the observations and modeling of the behavior of other family members，children learn about the family and society including the values of the culture．Family structure and their inherent relationships and obligations are a major source of cultural difference．
The family is the center of most traditional Asians' lives．Many people worry about their families' welfare，reputation，and honor．Asian families are often extended，including several generations related by blood or marriage living in the same home．An Asian person's misdeeds are not blamed just on the individual but also on the family—including the dead ancestors．
Traditional Chinese，among many other Asians，respect their elders and feel a deep sense of duty toward them．Children repay their parents' sacrifices by being successful and supporting them in old age．This is accepted as a natural part of life in China．In contrast，taking care of aged parents is often viewed as tremendous burden in the United States，where aging and family support are not honored highly．
The Vietnamese family consists of people currently alive as well as the spirits of the dead and of the asyet unborn．Any decisions or actions are done from family considerations，not individual desires．People's behavior is judged on whether it brings shame or pride to the family．Vietnamese children are trained to rely on their families，to honor elderly people，and to fear foreigners．Many Vietnamese think that their actions in this life will influence their status in the next life．
Fathers in traditional Japanese families are typically strict and distant．Japanese college students in one study said they would tell their fathers just about as much as they would tell a total stranger．The emotional and communication barrier between children and fathers in Japan appears very strong after children have reached a certain age．
Although there has been much talk about “family values”in the United States，the family is not a usual frame of reference for decisions in U．S．mainstream culture．Family connections are not so important to most people．Dropping the names of wealthy or famous people the family knows is done in the United States，but it is not viewed positively．More important is a person's own individual “track record” of personal achievement．
Thus，many cultural differences exist in family structures and values．In some cultures，the family is the center of life and the main frame of reference for decisions．In other cultures，the individuals，not the family，is primary．In some cultures，the family's reputation and honor depend on each person's actions；in other cultures，individuals can act without permanently affecting the family life．Some cultures value old people，while other cultures look down on them．
(Adaptedfrom R．L．Oxford & R．C．Scarcella，“A Few Family Structures and Values Around the Globe”)
Before the law sits a gatekeeper．To this gatekeeper comes a man from the country who asks to gain entry into the law．But the gatekeeper says that he cannot grant him entry at the moment．The man thinks about it and then asks if he will be allowed to come in sometime later on．“It is possible，” says the gatekeeper，“but not now．” ①The gate to the law stands open，as always，and the gatekeeper walks to the side，so the man bends over in order to see through the gate into the inside．When the gatekeeper notices that，he laughs and says:
“If it tempts you so much, try going inside in spite of my prohibition． But take note． I am powerful． And I am only the most lowly gatekeeper． But from room to room stand gatekeepers, each more powerful than the other． I cannot endure even one glimpse of the third．”
The man from the country has not expected such difficulties: the law should always be accessible for everyone，he thinks，but as he now looks more closely at the gatekeeper in his fur coat，at his large pointed nose and his long，thin，black Tartar's beard，he decides that it would be better to wait until he gets permission to go inside．The gatekeeper gives him a stool and allows him to sit down at the side in front of the gate．There he sits for days and years．He makes many attempts to be let in，and he wears the gatekeeper out with his requests．The gatekeeper often interrogates him briefly，questioning him about his homeland and many other things，but they are indifferent questions，the kind great men put，and at the end he always tells him once more that he cannot let him inside yet．The man，who has equipped himself with many things for his journey，spends everything，no matter how valuable，to win over the gatekeeper．The latter takes it all but，as he does so，says，“I am taking this only so that you do not think you have failed to do anything．” ②
During the many years the man observes the gatekeeper almost continuously．He forgets the other gatekeepers，and this first one seems to him the only barrier for entry into the law．He curses the unlucky circumstance，in the first years thoughtlessly and out loud; later，as he grows old，he only mumbles to himself．He becomes childish and，since in the long years studying the gatekeeper he has also come to know the fleas(跳蚤) in his fur collar，he even asks the fleas to help him persuade the gatekeeper．Finally his eyesight grows weak，and he does not know whether things are really darker around him or whether his eyes are merely deceiving him．But he recognizes now in the darkness a ray of light which breaks out of the gateway to the law．Now he no longer has much time to live．
Before his death he gathers in his head all his experiences of the entire time up into one question which he has not yet put to the gatekeeper．He waves to him，since he can no longer lift up his stiffening body．The gatekeeper has to bend way down to him，for the great difference has changed things considerably to the disadvantage of the man．③ “You are insatiable(不知足的)．” “Everyone strives after the law，” says the man，“so how is it that in these many years no one except me has requested entry？” The gatekeeper sees that the man is already dying and，in order to reach his diminishing sense of hearing，he shouts at him，“Here no one else can gain entry，since this entrance was assigned only to you．I'm going now to close it．” ④
1.Which can best describe the man from the country?
A．Brave but innocent．
B．Loyal but ridiculous．
C．Tolerant but stubborn．
D．Trustworthy but childish．
2.What is the implied meaning of the underlined sentences?
A．Anyone who breaks the law will get severe punishment．
B．It's next to impossible for people to gain entry into the law．
C．The gatekeepers are powerful enough to defend the law．
D．All the gatekeepers take full responsibility for obeying the law．
3.The sentence “What do you still want to know now？” asks the gatekeeper．can be put in ．
A．①
B．②
C．③
D．④
4.Which of the following is TRUE?
A．The gatekeeper is actually the symbol of responsibility．
B．All efforts made by the man from the country are in vain．
C．The man from the country finally gains access into the law．
D．A close relationship is formed between the gatekeeper and the man．
5.Why is the man from the country eager to have access to the law continuously?
A．Because he is anxious to explore the nature of law．
B．Because no one can gain entry into the law except him．
C．Because the gatekeeper promises him entry into the law．
D．Because he knows how to take advantage of the gatekeeper．
6.What may be the title of the novel?
A．Before the law
B．Above the law
C．A countryman's life
D．A gatekeeper's duty
C “Over the years the unthinkable has become thinkable and today we sense we are close to being able to alter human heredity(遗传)．” These were the words of David Baltimore of the California Institute of Technology，on December 1st，when he opened a threeday meeting in Washington to discuss the morality and use of human gene editing．Dr Baltimore is an old hand at these sorts of discussions，for he was also a participant in the Asilomar conference，in 1975，which brought scientists together to discuss a safe way of using the thennew technology of recombinant DNA，and whose recommendations influenced a generation of biotechnology researchers．
Four decades on，the need for a similar sort of chinwag has arisen．The International Summit on Human Gene Editing has been held by the national scientific academies of three countries—America，Britain and China．They are particularly concerned about whether gene editing should be used to make heritable changes to the human germ line，something Dr Baltimore described as a deep and troubling question．Like those of Asilomar，the conclusions of this meeting will not be binding．But the hope is that，again like Asilomar，a mixture of common sense and peer pressure will create a world in which scientists are trusted to regulate themselves，rather than having politicians and civil servants do it for them．The meeting is being held against a backdrop of rapid scientific advance．Since 2012 research into a new，easytouse editing tool called CRISPRCas9 has blossomed．This technique involves a piece of RNA (a chemical messenger，which can be used to recognise a target section of DNA) and an enzyme(酶) called a nuclease that can snip unwanted genes out and paste new ones in．
Public interest was aroused in April，when Chinese scientists announced they had edited genes in nonviable(无活力的) human embryos，and again in November when British researchers said they had successfully treated a oneyearold girl who had leukaemia(白血病)，using geneedited Tcells．Tcells are part of the immune system that attack，among other things，tumour cells．The researchers altered Tcells from a healthy donor to encourage them to recognise and kill the patient's cancer，to make them immune to her leukaemia drug，and to ensure they did not attack her healthy cells．
In another recent development，a firm called Edit as Medicine，which is based in Cambridge，Massachusetts，has said it hopes，in 2017，to start human clinical trials of CRISPRCas9 as a treatment for a rare genetic form of blindness known as Leber congenital amaurosis(伯氏先天性黑蒙)．Though other companies are already testing geneediting therapies，these employ older，clunkier forms of the technology that seem likely to have less commercial potential．Moreover，researchers at the Broad Institute，also in Cambridge，said this week that they had made changes to CRISPRCas9 which greatly reduce the rate of editing errors—one of the main obstacles to the technique's medical use．
On the subject of germline editing，Eric Lander，the Broad's head，told the meeting it would be useful only in rare cases and said it might be a good idea to “exercise caution” before making permanent changes to the gene pool．The need for caution is advice that might also be heeded by those pursuing work in animals other than people，and in plants—subjects not being covered by the summit．
1.Which of the following is TRUE about CRISPRCas9?
A．It has fewer side effects．
B．It can modify human gene．
C．It can protect immune system．
D．It has less commercial potential．
2.The underlined word “chinwag” in Paragraph 2 can be replaced by ________．
A．discussion
B．negotiation
C．argument
D．comparison
3.What can be inferred from the passage?
A．Dr．Baltimore started his research on modifying gene in 1975．
B．Scientists' opinions about the use of gene editing are consistent．
C．CRISPRCas9 has been applied to cure Leber congenital amaurosis．
D．More research should be made before the technology comes into wide use．
4.This passage is most probably a ________．
A．science fiction
B．scientific report
C．conference summary
D．commercial advertisement
