阅读理解
Threedimensional printers are fast becoming everyday devices in the United States. ThreeD printers are used to make everything from automobile parts to bone replacements for human patients. American research scientists are now working on creating replacements for living tissue.
Researchers at the Medical University of South Carolina have been working on creating and manufacturing living tissue since 2003. This process is called biofabrication (生物制造). It requires special printing equipment and a special kind of ink.
Traditional printers require ink to produce an image or design on a piece of paper. For their threeD printer, the South Carolina researchers prepare complex nutritious solutions they call bioinks. Bioinks are made of proteins and glucose (葡萄糖), which normally provides energy for most cells of the body. The researchers also add living cells taken from the animal that will receive the new, printed tissue. The bioinks are then added to a device that researchers call the Palmetto bioprinter.
Sarah Grace Dennis is one of the researchers at the Medical University of South Carolina. She says new technology, like the Palmetto bioprinter, is a great help to the biofabrication process.
The bioinks are placed in three dispensers (分配器), containers, inside the printer. Lasers control both the position of the printing surface and the places where the bioink is released.
Michael Yost is a leader of the research team. He says the printing process is fully automated — machineoperated. He says that the Palmetto bioprinter makes it possible to create complex tissue types.
The researchers say bioprinting is still experimental. But they hope in a few years they may be able to print tissue to replace damaged human organs.
But there are still some problems which need to be solved. Some scientists worry about how to get blood to the replacement tissue. The flow of blood is important to keep the printed tissue alive.
Michael Yost hopes that more people will believe in the benefits of biofabrication.
“Tissue biofabrication is a reality, and it is a reality now, and if you come here and you get to see it. You will get to see it. You can't touch it, but you will see it and think this is real. And this is really human.”
1.What can we know about the bioinks?
A．They are the necessities of bioprinting.
B．They only contain proteins and glucose.
C．They can be placed in the traditional printers.
D．They are available in our local drugstores.
2.Which of the following is one of the concerns with biofabrication?
A．Researchers can't find enough living cells of animals to make the bioinks.
B．The price of the bioprinter is too high and most people can't afford it.
C．Scientists have some difficulty in getting the blood to the replacement tissue.
D．People are worried about the safety of the biofabrication process.
3.According to Michael Yost, we can infer that ________.
A．the Palmetto bioprinter can work without power
B．the Palmetto bioprinter has been used to treat the patients
C．the Palmetto bioprinter can only be found in the United States
D．the Palmetto bioprinter will have a bright future in medical use
4.The passage mainly tells us about ________.
A．the threeD printer and its working principles
B．the bioinks and their use in bioprinting
C．the spread use of the bioprinter in the USA
D．the growing demand for biofabrication
A GRANDMOTHER, Michelle Riotton, 78, survived after falling down a mountain valley. She set off for a walk alone dressed only in a light jacket and trousers. “I slipped into a valley！” said Mrs Riotton, who said the fall happened in a deep forest close to her home village.
It was warm and sunny when the accident happened, but temperatures dropped to very low when night fell, and it rained. “I wasn't afraid，” said Mrs Riotton. “But I was worried that my children and grandchildren would become too worried about me.” Mrs Riotton said she covered herself in leaves when feeling cold, taking very small bites of two biscuits which she had in her pocket and drinking rainwater which fell down her face.
She spent six nights before she was found on Saturday. She was lying at the bottom of the valley, which was less than a mile from her home. The search had once been stopped, but Patrice Fossard, one of her neighbors, insisted that the search continue. “There was no way we could give up her, even if deep inside we felt we had little hope of finding her alive，” said Mr Fossard. “It was a miracle that Michelle was finally found.”
Mrs Riotton said she would be taking life easier from now on. “Enough is enough！” she said. “No more forests — don't want to visit one again.”
A mountain policeman said walking alone in the mountain was not recommended and that Mrs Riotton should have carried a mobile phone with her. “The mountains are particularly dangerous at this time of year as sunny afternoons can quickly change into cold, wet and stormy evenings.” he said. “Anybody walking into the mountains should carry safety equipment and be prepared for any kind of emergency.”
1.When Michelle Riotton was in the valley, she ________.
A．was hurt too badly to move
B．missed her home very much
C．didn't feel afraid
D．felt very hungry
2.Michelle Riotton covered herself with leaves to ________.
A．keep warm during her suffering
B．prevent the harmful animals
C．make herself noticed by others
D．avoid getting wet in the rain
3.Michelle Riotton got lost on ________.
A．Sunday B．Saturday
C．Wednesday D．Monday
4.According to the mountain policeman, ________.
A．the mountains in the morning are very dangerous
B．one had better not walk in the mountains alone
C．people should carry safety equipment every day
D．people wouldn't be safe without a mobile phone
阅读理解。
To most people, noise pollution is a jet flying over their heads. For one Spanish woman, it is a neighbor playing the piano. The woman has taken her neighbor to court. Now she wants to send her neighbor to prison for over seven years on the charges of psychological damage and noise pollution.
In a country known for its noisiness, the case has raised eyebrows. Neighbors often complain about street noise in Spain, but people seeking prison time for someone practicing the piano is unheard of. At the trial, Sonia Bosom says she has been suffering noise pollution up to now due to the practice sessions of Laia Martin, who lives below her. Martin, 27, didn't admit that she played at home that often, saying she took regular classes in other towns and mostly practiced at home on the weekends.
On the first day of the trial, the newspaper reported that Bosom told the court she now hated pianos so much that she couldn't even stand seeing them in a film.
Bosom says years of hearing constant playing has caused her “psychological injury”. Medical reports show she has suffered from a variety of problems, including insomnia (失眠), anxiety, and panic attacks.
She says tests by local authorities have found that the sound levels made by the piano are up to 10 decibels (分贝) higher than the limit. City authorities have asked the family several times to either stop the piano playing or soundproof (隔音) the room. The family told the court they carried out soundproofing work twice but the complaints continued.
The court hasn't made a final decision. A spokeswoman says the trial will end before May.
1.Bosom wants to send Martin to prison because ________.
A．Martin's playing the piano damaged her health
B．Bosom suffered from heart attack
C．Martin refused to take regular classes in other towns
D．Martin flew a jet over her head
2.How did Laia Martin respond to the complaints?
A．She stopped playing the piano.
B．She soundproofed the room.
C．She didn't admit she played at home.
D．She took her neighbor to court.
3.Which of the following may probably be the best title for the passage?
A．A 7year Sentence Caused by the Piano
B．Pianist Charged with Noise Pollution
C．Health Problems of a Spanish Woman
D．Actions Against Noise by Local Authority
阅读理解。
At least 3 people are dead in the Philippines now that Typhoon Hagupit has landed.
The typhoon, which hit the eastern Philippines over the weekend, has blown down trees and sent more than 650thousand people into shelters before weakening.
“There were very strong winds last night. The roof was beginning to move, and rain was getting inside the rooms，” said a villager.
The storm hit with gusts (强风) of over 100 miles per hour. And while the storm has slowed considerably from the super typhoon level it had last week, Hagupit still remains strong enough to create more damage.
Christopher Perez is a local weather forecaster. He says, “We are continuing to expect bad weather and rough ocean waves. Threats of possible flash floods and landslides (滑坡) as well as possible storm waves are occurring in coastal areas.”
Hagupit is expected to roll into the South China Sea tomorrow.
It's currently going westward toward the southern tip of Vietnam, meaning it's unlikely to affect China.
Hagupit's strength in the Philippines is much less severe than Typhoon Haiyan, which rolled through the country in 2013.
Haiyan's tsunamilike storm waves and killer winds left thousands of people dead and leveled_entire_villages.
The central Philippines is still trying to recover from last year's massive storm waves.
1.We can know from the passage that the Typhoon Hagupit is ________.
A．getting stronger
B．weakening
C．going to affect China soon
D．moving more than 120 miles per hour
2.The underlined part “leveled entire villages” probably means “________”．
A．destroyed all the buildings in the villages
B．were of the same sea level as the villages
C．killed all the villagers
D．blew down all the trees in the villages
3.Which of the following places suffered most when Typhoon Haiyan rolled in?
A．The eastern Philippines.
B．The southern tip of Vietnam.
C．The South China Sea.
D．The central Philippines.
4.What do we know about Typhoon Haiyan from the passage?
A．It caused less severe damage than Typhoon Hagupit.
B．It also rolled in Vietnam and China.
C．It brought about a lot of deaths.
D．It damaged the roofs of all the houses.
阅读七选五。
Smoggy weather has become common in China. But these days, air pollution levels in the northeastern city of Harbin surpassed the previous record levels.
The city was essentially shut down after PM2.5, fine particulate (微粒的) pollution that is considered dangerous, reached levels of 1,000 micrograms per cubic meter — 1.. Schools, motorways and an airport were closed on Tuesday as visibility in some areas of the city dropped to less than 10 meters.
_2.. It stated that there is “sufficient evidence” that exposure to outdoor air pollution causes lung cancer. _3.. Moreover, it's said that exposure has increased significantly particularly in “rapidly industrial countries with large populations”．
On the Chinese social media site Weibo, many users complained about the pollution and shared their concerns. 4.. Nowadays, there is a sarcastic play on the expression “serve the people”， as the two have a similar pronunciation.
“5.. There won't be a sudden outbreak of symptoms, but normally three to five days after the smoggy weather occurs, there is a peak in the number of people seeing doctors，” Deng Ying, a doctor at the Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University was quoted as saying.
A．The impact of air pollution on people will be gradual
B．Smog has been regarded as the biggest killer nowadays in China
C．Just days previously, the World Health Organization classified air pollution as a carcinogen (致癌物)
D．The faster smog comes, the faster it goes away
E．References to “feed people with smog” have become popular on Weibo
F．40 times the safety level reminded by the World Health Organization
G．And meanwhile, the risk of bladder cancer is also closely connected with it
阅读理解。
The term “smog” was first used in London during the early 1900's to describe the combination of smoke and fog. What we typically call “smog” today is a mixture of pollutants but is primarily made up of groundlevel ozone (臭氧)．
Ozone can be beneficial or harmful depending on where it stays. The ozone staying high above the Earth protects human health and the environment, but groundlevel ozone is responsible for the choking, coughing, and painful eyes associated with smog. The ozone in smog also prevents plants growth and can cause widespread damage to crops and forest.
Major smog occurrences often are linked to heavy motor vehicle traffic, high temperatures, sunshine, and calm winds. Weather and geography affect the position and severity of smog. Because temperature regulates the length of time it takes for smog to form, smog can form faster and be more severe on a hot and sunny day. When warm air stays near the ground instead of rising and winds are calm, smog may stay trapped over your city for days. As traffic and other sources add more pollutants to the air, the smog gets worse. Smog is often more severe away from the pollution sources because the chemical reactions that cause smog occur in the atmosphere while the reacting chemicals are being moved by the wind.
Smog is a visible example of air pollution. You can look into the distance during the day to see how much smog there is in the air. In addition, most cities measure the concentrations of pollutants in the air and report the results to the public.
Environmental Protection Agency sets national standards for pollutants. Areas that fail to meet the standards for at least one air pollutant are called “nonattainment (不达标) areas”. New measures are being taken by local governments across the country to reduce air pollution in nonattainment areas. These include: banning charcoal barbecues and wood burning in stoves or fireplaces when pollution levels are high; developing programs to encourage carpooling and voluntary “ozone actions”； limiting traffic in overcrowded areas; expanding or improving public transportation systems; requiring employers to contribute to employee public transportation costs; assessing “smog fees” on cars according to the number of miles driven and vehicle emissions (排放) produced; and even buying and breaking up older “superdirty” cars.
1.According to the passage, groundlevel ozone can______.
A．damage the environment
B．benefit human health
C．protect crops and forest
D．limit the spread of smog
2.Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?
A．Air quality is better in time of calm wind.
B．Smog is more severe near pollution sources.
C．It takes more time for smog to form in hot weather.
D．Chemical reactions occur in the moving air and cause smog.
3.Which indication shows more exact the air is poor?
A．Heavy motor vehicle traffic in big cities.
B．Widespread damage of crops and forest.
C．Clear outlines of hills in the distance.
D．High concentrations of pollutants in the air.
4.What is included in the measures being taken by the local governments?
A．Unconditional banning of wood burning.
B．Encouraging carpooling and public transportation.
C．Charging all the vehicles more “smog fees”．
D．Buying new cars to replace superdirty old cars.
