阅读理解。
Robots performing tasks according to a predetermined set of instructions are nothing new.But robots able to learn how to cook by watching videos are a completely different approach, which is conducted by a group of researchers at the University of Maryland.
If you have posted a video of your favorite recipe on the popular website YouTube, chances are that it will be used by a robot.University of Maryland's professor Yiannis Aloimonos, leader of the group, said “There exists a large amount of video information on the Internet that our robots can capitalize_on.”
“At present, the videos are fed electronically，”said research scientist Cornelia Fermuller.“Originally, we took our own videos, our cameras looking at us doing the cooking，”she explained.“And, as the robot advances, it reacts to good quality videos.And it will react to even lower quality homemade videos.”
So far, the robot named Julia can make a simple salad by breaking each task into basic parts, such as grasping a spoon, bringing it to the bowl, stirring the salad and observing the results.
But why teach a robot how to understand a video when it can easily follow a fixed program？Aloimonos believes predetermined instructions lack flexibility.He thinks one of the problems is how to make the robot understand and use what it learns during a certain task, the socalled feedback (反馈意见); another is the introduction of language.
“I believe it will take quite some time before the robots are able to understand metaphorical (比喻性的) language，”he added.“But，” he said，“we don't need that to create a new world where the robots will be working for us.”
1.The underlined phrase “capitalize on” in Paragraph 2 probably can be replaced by ________.
A．take hold of B．make use of
C．keep track of D．catch sight of
2.Aloimonos probably agrees that at present the robot ________.
A．can not fully digest what it learns
B．can not make a simple salad
C．can follow homemade videos
D．can understand metaphorical language
3.Robots are taught to understand a video mainly because ________.
A．they can easily follow fixed programs
B．they are smart enough to learn cooking
C．cooking videos are more interesting to watch
D．predetermined instructions are not flexible
4.Which of the following might best serve as the title of the passage?
A．Robots Creating a New World
B．Robots Making Cooking Videos
C．Robots Learning to Cook by Watching Videos
D．Robots Performing Tasks by Following Instructions
语法填空
Last Friday a storm swept through two villages in the New Territories, 1. (destroy) fourteen homes. Seven others were so badly damaged _2._ their owners had to leave them, and fifteen others had broken windows or roofs. One person was killed, several were 3. (serious) hurt and taken to hospital, and a number of other people received smaller hurt. Altogether over two hundred people were homeless after the storm.
A farmer, Mr. Tan, said that the storm began early 4._ the morning and lasted for over an hour.
“I 5._ (eat) with my wife and children，” he said, “when we heard a loud noise. A few minutes later our house fell down on top of us. We tried our best _6. (climb) out but then I saw that one of my children was _7._ (miss). I went back inside and found him, safe _8. very frightened.”
Mrs. Woo Mei Fong said that her husband had just left for work when she 9._ (feel) that her house was moving. She ran outside at once with her children.
Soldiers helped to take people out of the flooded area and the welfare department brought _10. (they) food, clothes and shelter.
完形填空
Mr.Jackson was blind from birth. He owned a fruit ______ on a very busy street. _______ he was visually disabled, he ran his business pretty handsomely. He could see nothing and he could only ______ the things within his reach. ______, he was able to handle it and was content with everything he had.
One day his son came to him. He told Mr. Jackson in ______ that he read in the newspaper of a ______who could operate on his eyes and allow him to see. The father and son traveled to the doctor and paid for the _______ .
After the operation, the doctor asked Mr.Jackson: “What is the first thing you are ______to see when I take the bandages off？” He replied, “I really want to see my beautiful ______ on my stand！”
The doctor and the son ______ Mr.Jackson down to the busy street where his fruit stand had been located for so many years. The doctor ______ unwrapped the bandages _______ he could lay his eyes on the beautiful fruit! Mr.Jackson was so full of _______ that he could finally see his life's work — taking care of his fruit! After a few hours of _______his beautiful fruit stand, he looked down the street both ways and saw there were quite a few fruit stands in both directions. He looked _______ the street and saw many other fruit stands. He spent so much time looking at other people's fruit stands and _______ the competition that soon his own business _______.
From Mr.Jackson's failure, we should know that everyone is a ______ individual with different fingerprints, DNA and thinking. What we need to do is just be ourselves and ______ everyone else to be who they are. Mind our own business and we should never be afraid of the _______.
1.A.stand B．company C．store D．center
2.A.Because B．As C．Although D．When
3.A.remember B．describe C．imagine D．feel
4.A.Therefore B．However C．Otherwise D．Besides
5.A.pride B．doubt C．excitement D．surprise
6.A.doctor B．nurse C．chemist D．volunteer
7.A.information B．medicine C．service D．operation
8.A.nervous B．lucky C．eager D．afraid
9.A.flowers B．vegetables C．fruit D．clothing
10.A.sent B．accompanied C．followed D．invited
11.A.suddenly B．curiously C．carefully D．firmly
12.A.so that B．in case C．even if D．if only
13.A.regret B．joy C．courage D．relief
14.A.enjoying B．checking C．judging D．making
15.A.above B．within C．through D．across
16.A.preparing for B．focusing on C．worrying abou D．taking up
17.A.improved B．failed C．appeared D．expanded
18.A.simple B．reliable C．unique D．perfect
19.A.force B．require C．persuade D．allow
20.A.competition B．change C．difference D．disability
完形填空
Beginning to learn gymnastics even before she could barely walk, Svetlana had always dreamed to enter the Olympics scene some day.
However, her ________ ended in the car on the winding road when a lorry appeared out of nowhere. The last thing she ________ was a blinding flash of light. In hospital, when told she would never ________ again, she couldn't believe it. Three months later, she was ________ out of hospital on a wheelchair. Then a friend came to her house to visit her with an old children's storybook. A bookmark in it made her________ to page 117. The name of the _________ was ‘The Day Clara Walked’. She was determined to return to stage whatever it might cost.
_________， after a year's hard exercise, Svetlana recovered and was able to display her gymnastics. While she was sitting on the green bench ________ the Athens Olympic Stadium, memories _________： first, the pain and the tears, the book under her pillow, the words of relatives full of advice and comfort, and the pity in those eyes that had once held _________ for her talent. Then followed the trips to the gym where everyone looked on ________， their disbelief transforming slowly to wonder, ________ she could balance the hoop (圈) as well as her teammates. She registered for the 2004 Olympic Games, and finally she received _________ from the Olympic Committee.
Her _________ was interrupted by the attendant who said, “It's time”， two words that she had been ________ to hear for so long. Smoothing her dress, she walked into the stadium, each ________ firm and steady. Everything was ________， and the applause rang loud in her ears, her heart beating ________ in her chest.
Later that night, Svetlana pulled the gold medal out of her pocket and placed it on the old ________on the shelf, which opened to page 117, to the chapter ‘The Day Clara Walked’， tears ________ her vision.
1.A.intention B．dream C．life D．career
2.A.remembered B．forgot C．experienced D．suffered
3.A.see B．dance C．sing D．walk
4.A.wheeled B．rocked C．thrown D．rushed
5.A.point B．relate C．open D．adapt
6.A.bookmark B．page C．story D．chapter
7.A.Fortunately B．Surprisingly C．Suddenly D．Certainly
8.A.outside B．inside C．beneath D．opposite
9.A.squeezed out B．faded away C．mixed up D．flooded in
10.A.fright B．admiration C．sympathy D．regret
11.A.cheerfully B．thankfully C．nervously D．doubtfully
12.A.until B．while C．as D．once
13.A.approval B．praise C．support D．access
14.A.plan B．thought C．attempt D．sight
15.A.eager B．content C．upset D．proud
16.A.breath B．wave C．step D．look
17.A.unexpected B．perfect C．awful D．finished
18.A.immediately B．swiftly C．properly D．fiercely
19.A.hoop B．letter C．book D．dress
20.A.rolling B．filling C．clouding D．rushing
】七选五填空。
We all face quantities of stresses in day-to-day living, whether at work, in the home, or anywhere in between. 1. Here's how stress can help us on an everyday basis.
◆ Sharpen your memory.
Did you ever notice that sometimes when you are stressed, your memory seems to improve? Remember that test you passed where the answers seemed to come out of nowhere? 2. It's because of stress hormones（荷尔蒙）that increase your alertness(机敏) when it's most needed.
◆ 3.
Successful employees turn stress into motivation. Have you ever noticed that you get the least amount of work done when you have the fewest deadlines? Too little stress can affect how much you actually get done. When you take risks and choose to get over the difficulty, it improves your mental toughness and self-confidence.
◆ Helping you resist the attack of illness.
4. Believe it or not, the right kind of stress can help your body's defenses against illness. When you get sick, stress causes you to make hormones that battle threats to your health. That burst of stress is helpful to your immune system when your body faces a threat.
◆ Making your life more interesting.
Think about some stressful situations that we consciously put ourselves in to make life more interesting and enjoyable, like asking someone out on a first date, conquering a known fear, or learning something new. These may not immediately come to mind when you think of stress because of the positive outcomes. 5.
A．Helping you get an advantage at work.
B．Helping you get through difficult times.
C．This will happen whenever you are stressed.
D．That's one way your brain responds to stress.
E. You need a healthy immune system to help fight off diseases.
F. But they're the types that can help you achieve fulfillment and happiness.
G. But handled properly, stress can have many benefits for the body and mind.
阅读理解
Threedimensional printers are fast becoming everyday devices in the United States. ThreeD printers are used to make everything from automobile parts to bone replacements for human patients. American research scientists are now working on creating replacements for living tissue.
Researchers at the Medical University of South Carolina have been working on creating and manufacturing living tissue since 2003. This process is called biofabrication (生物制造). It requires special printing equipment and a special kind of ink.
Traditional printers require ink to produce an image or design on a piece of paper. For their threeD printer, the South Carolina researchers prepare complex nutritious solutions they call bioinks. Bioinks are made of proteins and glucose (葡萄糖), which normally provides energy for most cells of the body. The researchers also add living cells taken from the animal that will receive the new, printed tissue. The bioinks are then added to a device that researchers call the Palmetto bioprinter.
Sarah Grace Dennis is one of the researchers at the Medical University of South Carolina. She says new technology, like the Palmetto bioprinter, is a great help to the biofabrication process.
The bioinks are placed in three dispensers (分配器), containers, inside the printer. Lasers control both the position of the printing surface and the places where the bioink is released.
Michael Yost is a leader of the research team. He says the printing process is fully automated — machineoperated. He says that the Palmetto bioprinter makes it possible to create complex tissue types.
The researchers say bioprinting is still experimental. But they hope in a few years they may be able to print tissue to replace damaged human organs.
But there are still some problems which need to be solved. Some scientists worry about how to get blood to the replacement tissue. The flow of blood is important to keep the printed tissue alive.
Michael Yost hopes that more people will believe in the benefits of biofabrication.
“Tissue biofabrication is a reality, and it is a reality now, and if you come here and you get to see it. You will get to see it. You can't touch it, but you will see it and think this is real. And this is really human.”
1.What can we know about the bioinks?
A．They are the necessities of bioprinting.
B．They only contain proteins and glucose.
C．They can be placed in the traditional printers.
D．They are available in our local drugstores.
2.Which of the following is one of the concerns with biofabrication?
A．Researchers can't find enough living cells of animals to make the bioinks.
B．The price of the bioprinter is too high and most people can't afford it.
C．Scientists have some difficulty in getting the blood to the replacement tissue.
D．People are worried about the safety of the biofabrication process.
3.According to Michael Yost, we can infer that ________.
A．the Palmetto bioprinter can work without power
B．the Palmetto bioprinter has been used to treat the patients
C．the Palmetto bioprinter can only be found in the United States
D．the Palmetto bioprinter will have a bright future in medical use
4.The passage mainly tells us about ________.
A．the threeD printer and its working principles
B．the bioinks and their use in bioprinting
C．the spread use of the bioprinter in the USA
D．the growing demand for biofabrication
