Before I studied psychology, I used to think that people would laugh when funny things occurred. While I was right about that, I discovered there are lots of other psychological factors that make people laugh other than the funny part of a joke. When someone laughs at a joke, there will usually be more than one reason that makes him laugh—and the more reasons there are, the more powerful the joke will be.
I was attending a stand-up comedy show in Egypt, and when the man started to make fun of pedestrians crossing streets, everyone laughed their hearts out. The main reason those people strongly laughed was that almost all of them felt angry towards pedestrians who crossed streets carelessly. The joke wasn’t only funny, it also made the audience feel that they were right about being angry at those pedestrians. That is, people were laughing both because of the funny joke and because of the happiness experienced as a result of the psychological support they got.
The better a joke makes a person feel, and the more it includes other psychological factors, the more the person will like it. For example, if you envy one of your friends, and someone tells a joke that is funny and, at the same time, makes your friend seem stupid, then you will probably laugh at it louder than if you weren’t jealous of him.
In short, we don’t laugh only when we hear something funny; we also laugh when we experience some kind of happiness that results from the other psychological factors involved in the joke. I strongly discourage making fun of anyone or belittling someone to make someone else laugh. All I want to explain is that if your joke supports a person’s emotions, he will certainly like it a lot.
1. What did the author find out after studying psychology?
A. Only good jokes make people laugh
B. Many factors lead to people laughing.
C. Funny things can make people laugh
D. Laughter can make people healthy.
2.Why did the audience laugh loud at the pedestrians?
A. They played a trick on the pedestrians.
B. The pedestrians behaved in a funny way.
C. They could feel the pedestrians’ happiness.
D. Their emotion was approved of by the show.
3.What does the underlined word “belittling” probably mean?
A. Annoy B. Blame C. Look down on D. Make up to
4. What is the author’s attitude towards those who take pleasure in making fun of others?
A defensive B indifferent C negative D casual
Six volunteers are about to find out what it would be like to live on Mars without ever leaving the Earth. Three men and three women will spend eight months living in a special place on the side of a volcano in Hawaii. They are part of an experiment that is designed to mimic（模仿）life on Mars. Their mission began on October 15, 2014. NASA says it could send astronauts to Mars as early as the 2030s. The mission would take more than two years, so NASA needs to know how people would react to living in a small group, isolated from the rest of the world, for such a long time. Some people may become depressed or bored living under those conditions. By studying people living in similar conditions here on Eares NASA hopes to learn how to choose the most suitable people for a space mission, and how to help them get along.
They will live in a two-story building. The ground floor is about 86 square meters, roughly the size of a small two-bedroom apartment. It includes shared areas like kitchen, dining room, bathroom, laboratory and an exercise room. The upstairs is less than half the size of the downstairs. It contains another bathroom and six small bedrooms. The building is located in an abandoned quarry（采石场）about 2,400 meters up the side of Mauna Loa, the second biggest volcano in the world. It is constantly monitored for signs of volcanic activity. NASA chose the location because the appearance looks very similar to Mars.
To make it more like being on Mars in the future, they are only able to communicate by email during the experiment. Meanwhile, there will be a 20-minute delay between the time when a message is sent and that when it is received. When they go outside, they will have to suit up in full spacesuits, just as if they were on Mars.
The commander is Martha Lenio, a 34-year-old Canadian. During the mission, she will run experiments on growing food. The other members have backgrounds in physics and so on. None of them are astronauts.
1.When will the six volunteers end their mission about mimicking life on Mars?
A. On June 15, 2015. B. On October 15, 2015.
C. On October 15, 2030. D. On June 15, 2032.
2.What’s the main purpose of the experiment?
A. To monitor signs of volcanic activity.
B. To prepare for a space mission to Mars.
C. To train the six people to become astronauts.
D. To study the difference between men and women.
3.Mauna Loa was chosen as the experimental site because ___________.
A. it is located near a rocket base
B. other people can hardly find the location
C. its landscape is so much like that of Mars
D. it is a safe place to conduct the experiment
4. What can be inferred from the passage?
A. Martha is a famous expert on agriculture.
B. The six volunteers will be sent to Mars in 2030.
C. All the experimental activities are done in doors.
D. It takes about 40 minutes to get a reply to an email.
书面表达
假如你是李华，你的英国朋友Cindy最近身体不舒服，来信向你询问如何保持健康。
请你给她回信并提出建议，内容如下：
1． 注意合理饮食：多吃鱼，豆类等有营养的食品及新鲜蔬菜和水果，不要吃太多的肉和甜食；
2． 多参加体育锻炼；
3． 保证充足睡眠，不要熬夜，每天至少睡8个小时。
注意：1．词数：100左右
2．信的开头和结尾已给出，但不计入总词数。
3．参考词汇：有营养的：nutritious
Dear Cindy
Yours
Li Hua
短文改错
假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。
增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（
），并在其下面写出该加的词。
删除：把多余的词用斜线（＼）划掉。
修改：在错的词下画一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。
注意：1. 每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；
2. 只允许修改10处，多者（从第11处起）不计分。
Last week, my teacher told us about our school’s speech contest, which topic was “my hero”. I thought of my grandpa would be my perfect topic. Then I carefully prepared for contest. A couple of weeks later, after the first round I was choosing to be one of the seven finalists! The final was held soon. I was the sixth to giving the speech. After I finished it, I saw the audience discussing and wondering what they were saying. After the last person finished, the judge made their final decisions and announced that I have won the first prize. The audience were going wildly, clapping and cheering! I was extremely happy. It was such exciting a moment that I will always remember it.
请根据首字母提示及所给汉语意思，在空格处填入正确的单词，并将答案填写在答题卡上（请填写完整的单词）。
1.This is the agreement s_______ (签署) by the two countries.
2.The post office lies o_______(在……对面) our school.
3.I shook hands and e_______ (交流) ideas with the manager.
4.The exhibition hall is decorated with many t________ (传统的) Chinese paintings.
5.The room m________ (测量) 10 meters across is large enough for a single man to live in.
6.It’s important that we should set r_______(切合实际的) goals.
7.We are now working closely together, p_______ (政治地) and economically.
8.There is not any room for a________ (争辩) on that point.
9.The South Korean television series The descendants of the Sun reached a wide a________(观众).
10.These are good c_______ (渠道) through which you can make your voice heard.
短文填空
阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。
Some time ago, a light passenger plane flew 1. course(航线) and thus crashed in the mountains and the pilot 2. (kill). The only passengers, a young woman and her two baby daughters, were unhurt. It was the middle of winter. Snow 3. (lie) thick on the ground. The woman knew that the nearest village was kilometers away and she was not strong enough 4. (carry) her baby daughters there. When it grew dark, she turned the suit-case into a bed, where the children, 5. (cover) with all the clothes she could find, could be protected from the wind. During the night, it got 6. (terrible) cold. The woman kept as near as she could to the children and even tried to get into the case herself, but it was too small. Early next morning, she heard planes 7. (fly) overhead and wondered how she could send a signal. Then she had an idea. She wrote the letters SOS in the snow. Luckily, a pilot saw 8. signal and sent a message by radio to the nearest town. It was not long 9. a helicopter arrived on the scene to save the 10. (survive) of the plane crash.
