Question

Need for closure is a psychological term that describes a person's desire for a firm answer to a question. Our need for closure is our natural preference for definite answers over confusion and uncertainty. Every person has their own baseline level of need for closure. It likely evolved via natural selection.

What I find really fascinating is how our need for closure is affected by the situation we're in. Our need for closure rises when we have to act rather than just observe, and it matters much more when we're rushed, or bored, or tired. Any stress can make our discomfort with uncertainty increase, and a high need for closure negatively influences some of our most important decisions: who we decide to trust, whether we admit we're wrong and even how creative we are.

In hiring, for instance, a high need for closure leads people to put far too much weight on their first impression. It's called the Urgency Effect. In one experiment, psychologists tried to lower people's need for closure by telling them, right before participants are about to make various judgments of a job candidate, that they'll be responsible in some way for them, or that their judgments have serious consequences.

In making any big decision, it's not enough just to know that we should take our time. We all know that important decisions shouldn't be rushed. The problem is that we don't keep that advice in mind when it matters. So, one of the best solutions is to formalize the reminders. Before making important decisions, write down not just advantages and disadvantages but what the consequences could be. Also, think about how much pressure you're under. If your need for closure is particularly high that day, it's even more important to think twice.

1.How does "need for closure" probably come into being?

A. By accident.      B. By nature.

C. By acquiring.       D. By imitating.

2.It can be inferred that a high need for closure ______.

A. brings about more stress

B. leads to not so good decisions

C. causes discomfort and uncertainty

D. promotes one's creativity

3. In the experiment the psychologists reduced participants’ need for closure by telling them to ______.

A. value their first impression 

B. be responsible for their boss

C. be cautious about their judgments  

D. pay little attention to the consequences

4.What would the author probably discuss in the paragraph that follows?

A. More helpful solutions to high need for closure.

B. Some serious consequences of making decisions.

C. Other approaches to making important decisions.

D. Another strategy to escape the pressures of modern life.

Answer

1.B

2.B

3.C

4.A

【解析】

试题分析：本文讲的是：封闭的需要是一个心理术语，描述了一个人对一个问题的坚定回答的愿望。每个人都有自己对封闭需要的底线。它可能通过自然选择进化。

1.B细节理解题。根据文章第一段Our need for closure is our natural preference for definite answers over confusion and uncertainty. Every person has their own baseline level of need for closure. It likely evolved via natural selection.可知"need for closure"的形成通过nature.所以选择B。

2.B细节理解题。根据文章第二段and a high need for closure negatively influences some of our most important decisions可知，高的了结需要负面地影响我们的一些重要决定。B是对句意的同意转换。所以选择B。

3.C细节理解题。根据文章第三段In one experiment, psychologists tried to lower people's need for closure by telling them,right before participants are about to make various judgments of a job candidate, that they'll be responsible in some way for them, or that their judgments have serious consequences.和后文的进一步阐释可知，心理学家告诫人们谨慎的判断。所以选择C。

4.4】A推理判断题。根据文章最后两段内容，都是关于high need for closure的有用建议。所以，推测下一段可能是更多的建议。所以选择A。

【学法指导】

几乎都可以在文章中直接找到与答案有关的信息，或是其变体。所以，搜查信息在阅读中非常重要，它包括理解作者在叙述某事时使用的具体事实、数据、图表等细节信息。在一篇短文里大部分篇幅都属于这类围绕主体展开的细节。做这类题一般采用寻读法，即先读题，然后带着问题快速阅读短文，找出与问题有关的词语或句子，再对相关部分进行分析对比，找出答案。5. a high need for closure negatively influences some of our most important decisions可知，高的了结需要负面地影响我们的一些重要决定。B是对句意的同意转换。所以选择B。

考点：考查议论文阅读