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阅读下面短文,从短文后各题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中,选出可以填入空白处...

阅读下面短文,从短文后各题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中,选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项, 并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。

The concept of solitude (独处) in the digital world is almost non-existent. In the world of digital technology, e-mail, social networking and online video games, information is meant to be ___. Solitude can be hard to discover ____ it has been given up. In this respect, new technologies have ____ our culture.

The desire to be connected has brought solitude to a(n) ____ as we’ve known it. People have become so ____ in the world of networks and connections that one can often be contacted ____ they’d rather not be. Today we can talk, text, e-mail, chat and blog, not only from our____, but from our mobile phones as well.

Most developed nations have become ____ on digital technology simply because they’ve grown accustomed to it, and at this point not ____ it would make them an outsider. ____ , many jobs and careers require people to be ____ . From this point of view, technology has changed the culture of work. Being reachable might feel like a ____ to those who may not want to be able to be contacted at all times.

I suppose the positive side is that solitude is still possible for anyone who ____ wants it. Computers can be ____ and mobile phones can be turned off. The ability to be “connected” and on” has many ___ , as well as disadvantages. Travelers have ended up ____ on mountains, and mobile phones have saved countless lives. They can also make people feel ____ and forced to answer unwanted calls or ____ to unwanted texts.

Attitudes towards our connectedness as a society ____ across generations. Some find today’s technology a gift. Others consider it a curse. Regardless of anyone’s view on the subject, it’s hard to imagine what life would be like____ daily advancements in technology.

1.A. updated          B. received           C. shared            D. collected

2.A. though     B. until      C. once       D. before 

3.A. respected         B. shaped            C. ignored            D. preserved

4.A. edge            B. stage              C. end                D. balance

5.A. sensitive         B. intelligent          C. considerate         D. reachable

6.A. even if     B. only if      C. as if        D. if only  

7.A. media           B. computers         C. databases          D. monitors

8.A. bent             B. hard              C. keen               D. dependent

9.A. finding           B. using             C. protecting            D. changing

10.A. Also      B. Instead      C. Otherwise      D. Somehow 

11.A. connected        B. trained            C. recommended        D. interested

12.A. pleasure        B. benefit            C. burden            D. disappointment

13.A. slightly          B. hardly            C. merely              D. really

14.A. cut out     B. shut down     C. taken off         D. broken down  

15.A. aspects          B. weaknesses        C. advantages          D. exceptions

16.A. hidden          B. lost              C. relaxed                D. deserted

17.A. trapped          B. excited            C. confused            D. amused

18.A. turn             B. submit            C. object              D. reply

19.A. vary             B. arise             C. spread              D. exist

20.A. beyond     B. within         C. despite          D. without

 

1.C 2.C 3.B 4.C 5.D 6.A 7.B 8.D 9.B 10.A 11.A 12.C 13.D 14.B 15.C 16.B 17.A 18.D 19.A 20.D 【解析】 试题分析:文章讲述了在数字世界里独处的概念几乎是不存在的,电子邮件,社交网络,网上视频游戏都可以共享,一旦我们失去了独处再找回来就很难了,接着讲述了数字世代对我们生活的影响,很多的发达国家对数字世界已经有了依赖性,因为他们已经习惯了。如果不用的话,他们就会成为一个局外人,对这一世代的变化,有的人是感觉非常幸运赶上了这样一个时代,而有的人则认为这样反而是一种压力,不管态度怎么样,我们难以想象如果没有这种先进的技术我们的生活将是什么样子。 1.考查动词的词义。句意为:在数字化的世界里,独处的概念是很难存在的,在数字化的世界里,电子邮件,网络社交,网上视频游戏等是可以共享的. update vt 更新,修正;receive vt接爱,收到;share vt分享,共享;collect vt 收集,搜集。这里是指资源的共享。故选C。 2.考查连词的词义。句意为:独处一旦被我们放弃了,将很难再找到。though conj虽然,尽管until conj直到---时候;once conj一旦;;before conj在---之前。故答案应为C,一旦失去的东西,就找不到的意思。 3.考查动词的词义。句意为:从这个方面说,新的技术也正在形成我们的文化. respect vt尊敬,尊重;shape vt使---成形,使变形(这里是指改变了我们原来的文化,形成新的文化形态); ignore vt 忽视,忽略;preserve vt保存,保护。故答案应为A。 4.考查名词的意思。句意为:被联系的这种欲望把我们独处的(想法)终结了(把这种想法划上了句号)。edge n边缘,刀刃;stage n阶段,舞台;end n结束,终点; balance n平衡,匀称。这里是指独处到达了终点。 故选C。 5.考查形容词的含义。句意为:在这个网络世界里,人们被联系上变得是如此的容易,以致于他们能够经常被联系上。sensitive adj敏感的,感觉的;intelligent adj智能的,聪明的;considerate adj体贴的,考虑周到的;reachable adj可获得的,可达到的。reachable 被联系人很容易被达到,故答案应为D。 6.考查连词的词义。句意为:人们太容易被联系到了以致于他们经常被联系上,尽管他们不想被联系上。even if即使,虽然;only if只要,只有; as if好像;if only要是—就好了。所以答案应为A。 7.考查名词的意思。句意为:今天,我们可以聊天,发邮件,写博客不仅可以使用电脑,还可以用手机。media n媒体,媒质;computer n电脑; monitors n显示器;databases n数据库,资料库。上面的几种交流方式都是用电脑的,所以此处应为电脑。故选B。 8.考查形容词的意思。许多发达国家已经依赖上了数字技术,因为他们已经习惯了用它。bent adj 弯曲的;keen adj强烈的,热心的;hard adj 困难的,坚硬的;dependent adj 依靠的,依赖的。故答案应D。 9.考查名词的词义。句意为:在这种意义上,不用它,他们就会被(社会)淘汰。outsider 外人,无取胜希望的人。意思是说,如果不用电脑,他们就会被社会把淘汰掉。find vt发现,找到;use vt用,使用;protect vt保护; change vt改变,变化。故答案应为B。 10.考查副词的词义。句意为:许多工作和事业要求人们被联系起来。这句话的意思与上文中的如果不用电脑,他们就会被社会所淘汰,两句之间是层进关系,故应该用also,表示“还有,也”的意思。所以答案应为A。 11.考查动词的词义。句意为:许多工作和事业要求人们被联系起来。connect vt 联系,联合,联结; recommend vt推荐,介绍,劝告;train vt 培养,训练; interest vt使—感兴趣。故答案应为A。 12.考查名词词义。句意为:从这个观点看,技术已经改变了职业文化,(很容易的)被联系上对那些不想随时都被联系的人来说成了一种负担。n benefit n利益,好处; pleasure快乐,乐趣;burden n负担,责任;disappointment n 失望,泄气。故选C。 13.考查副词词义。句意为:我认为,积极的一面是对任何想真正独处的人来说也仍然是有可能的。slightly adv轻微地,纤细地;hardly adv几乎不,简直不;merely adv仅仅,只不过;really adv真正地。故答案应为D。 14.考查副词的词义。句意为:电脑能够被关闭,手机能够被关机,A. cut out停止,剪下;B. shut down关闭;C. taken off脱掉;D. broken down毁掉。故答案应为B。 15.考查名词的意思。句意为:被联系上的这种能力有许多优点也有许多缺点。aspect n 方面,方向;weakness n 弱点,软弱; advantages n优点,长处;exception n例外,异议。故答案应为C。 16.考查动词的意思。句意为:旅行者在山上失踪的日子已经结束了,手机已经挽救了无数的生命。hidden vt隐藏,藏起来;lost vt 迷失,失踪; relaxed vt松懈,放松;desert vt遗弃,放弃。故答案应为B。 17.考查动词的意思。句意为:他们也使人们感觉到陷入了困境,被迫去接一些不想接的电话,回复一些不想回复的短信。trapped使—陷入困境;confused使人困惑;excited 使人激动;amused 使—逗。笑,使—欢乐。故选A。 18.考查动词的意思。句意为:接不愿意接的电话,回复一些不愿回复的短信。turn vt 转向,转变;object vt反对,拒绝;submit vt提交,服从,主张;reply vt回答,回复。故答案应为D。 19.考查动词的含义。句意为:人们对待交往联系的态度是多样化的,有些人视今天的技术是一种馈礼,而有的人把它当成了一种诅咒。vary vt多样化,各种各样的;spread vt传开,传播;arise v出现,上升,起立;exist vt 存在,生存。故答案应为A。 20.考查介词的意思。句意为:不管人们的观点如何,我们都难以想象没有今天技术的发展,我们的生活将是什么样子。despite prep尽管,不管;beyond prep 超出----,超过----,在---那一边;within prep 在---里面;without prep 没有。故答案应为D。 【名师点睛】 状语从句引导词的考查是目前高考中的一个考点。它要求考生在理解上下文的情况下才能得出正确答案。并不是单纯的语法考试。本文中有两个小题考查了状语从句。21.考查连词的词义。句意为:独处一旦被我们放弃了,将很难再找到。though conj虽然,尽管until conj直到---时候;once conj一旦;;before conj在---之前。故答案应为C,一旦失去的东西,就找不到的意思。22.考查连词的词义。句意为:人们太容易被联系到了以致于他们经常被联系上,尽管他们不想被联系上。even if即使,虽然;only if只要,只有; as if好像;if only要是—就好了。所以答案应为A。 考点:考查社会现象类文章的理解及词汇辨析。
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根据短文内容,从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项,选项中有两项为多余选项。

A garden that’s just right for you

Have you ever visited a garden that seemed just right for you, where the atmosphere of the garden appeared to total more than the sum of its parts?    1.   . But it doesn’t happen by accident. It starts with looking inside yourself and understanding who you are with respect to the natural world and how you approach the gardening process.

   2.   

Some people may think that a garden is no more than plants, flowers, patterns and masses of color. Others are concerned about using gardening methods that require less water and fewer fertilizers.

    3.    . However, there are a number of other reasons that might explain why you want to garden. One of them comes from our earliest years.

●Recall your childhood memories

Our model of what a garden should be often goes back to childhood. Grandma’s rose garden and Dad’s vegetable garden might be good or bad, but that’s not what’s important.   4.     .  —how being in those gardens made us feel. If you’d like to build a powerful bond with your garden, start by taking some time to recall the gardens of your youth.    5.    . Then go outside and work out a plan to translate your childhood memories into your grown-up garden. Have fun.

A. Know why you garden

B. Find a good place for your own garden

C. It’s delightful to see so many beautiful flowers

D. It’s our experience of the garden that matters

E. Still others may simply enjoy being outdoors and close to plants

F. You can produce that kind of magical quality in your own garden, too

G. For each of those gardens, writer down the strongest memory you have

 

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Bad news sells. If it bleeds, it leads. No news is good news, and good news is no news. Those are the classic rules for the evening broadcasts and the morning papers. But now that information is being spread and monitored in different ways, researchers are discovering new rules. By tracking people’s e-mails and online posts, scientists have found that good news can spread faster and farther than disasters and sob stories.

“The ‘if it bleeds’ rule works for mass media,” says Jonah Berger, a scholar at the University of Pennsylvania. “They want your eyeballs and don’t care how you’re feeling. But when you share a story with your friends, you care a lot more how they react. You don’t want them to think of you as a Debbie Downer.”

Researchers analyzing word-of-mouth communication—e-mails, Web posts and reviews, face-to-face conversations—found that it tended to be more positive than negative, but that didn’t necessarily mean people preferred positive news. Was positive news shared more often simply because people experienced more good things than bad things? To test for that possibility, Dr. Berger looked at how people spread a particular set of news stories: thousands of articles on The New York Times’ website. He and a Penn colleague analyzed the “most e-mailed” list for six months. One of his first findings was that articles in the science section were much more likely to make the list than non-science articles. He found that science amazed Times’ readers and made them want to share this positive feeling with others.

Readers also tended to share articles that were exciting or funny, or that inspired negative feelings like anger or anxiety, but not articles that left them merely sad. They needed to be aroused (激发) one way or the other, and they preferred good news to bad. The more positive an article, the more likely it was to be shared, as Dr. Berger explains in his new book, “Contagious: Why Things Catch On.”

1.What do the classic rules mentioned in the text apply to?

A. Private e-mails. 

B. Research papers.

C. News reports.

D. Daily conversations.

2.What can we infer about people like Debbie Downer?

A. They’re socially inactive.

B. They’re good at telling stories.

C. They’re careful with their words.

D. They’re inconsiderate of others.

3.Which tended to be the most e-mailed according to Dr. Berger’s research?

A. Science articles.

B. Sports news.

C. Personal accounts.

D. Financial reviews.

4.What can be a suitable title for the text?

A. Sad Stories Travel Far and Wide

B. Online News Attracts More People

C. Reading Habits Change with the Times

D. Good News Beats Bad on Social Networks

 

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Need for closure is a psychological term that describes a person's desire for a firm answer to a question. Our need for closure is our natural preference for definite answers over confusion and uncertainty. Every person has their own baseline level of need for closure. It likely evolved via natural selection.

What I find really fascinating is how our need for closure is affected by the situation we're in. Our need for closure rises when we have to act rather than just observe, and it matters much more when we're rushed, or bored, or tired. Any stress can make our discomfort with uncertainty increase, and a high need for closure negatively influences some of our most important decisions: who we decide to trust, whether we admit we're wrong and even how creative we are.

In hiring, for instance, a high need for closure leads people to put far too much weight on their first impression. It's called the Urgency Effect. In one experiment, psychologists tried to lower people's need for closure by telling them, right before participants are about to make various judgments of a job candidate, that they'll be responsible in some way for them, or that their judgments have serious consequences.

In making any big decision, it's not enough just to know that we should take our time. We all know that important decisions shouldn't be rushed. The problem is that we don't keep that advice in mind when it matters. So, one of the best solutions is to formalize the reminders. Before making important decisions, write down not just advantages and disadvantages but what the consequences could be. Also, think about how much pressure you're under. If your need for closure is particularly high that day, it's even more important to think twice.

1.How does "need for closure" probably come into being?

A. By accident.      B. By nature.

C. By acquiring.       D. By imitating.

2.It can be inferred that a high need for closure ______.

A. brings about more stress

B. leads to not so good decisions

C. causes discomfort and uncertainty

D. promotes one's creativity

3. In the experiment the psychologists reduced participants’ need for closure by telling them to ______.

A. value their first impression 

B. be responsible for their boss

C. be cautious about their judgments  

D. pay little attention to the consequences

4.What would the author probably discuss in the paragraph that follows?

A. More helpful solutions to high need for closure.

B. Some serious consequences of making decisions.

C. Other approaches to making important decisions.

D. Another strategy to escape the pressures of modern life.

 

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A survey has shown that what you do on a plane can be determined by which nationality is listed on your passport.

According to the results of an international passenger survey, Australians are the biggest drinkers on board with 36 percent choosing to down the hatch, compared to 35 percent of Americans and 33 percent of Brits.

The Airline Passenger Experience Association(APEX) spoke to around 1,500 people, aged 18 and older, who have travelled by plane at least once during the last three months and were living in the United States, United Kingdom, Germany, Japan, China, Singapore, Australia and Brazil.

The results found Chinese travelers are most likely to nod off once the seat-belt sign switches off. They are also the first to take out their credit card for some in-flight shopping and the biggest fans of gaming. Americans on the other hand like to use their time in the air more productively---- when not drinking---- choosing to work while flying at 35,000 feet.

Meanwhile, Brits and Germans are the best at making chat with random strangers----spending 50 percent more time than any other nationality. Comparatively, Brazilians conduct their conversations online via email, messaging apps or social media.

Despite plane food having a bad reputation, seven out of ten interviewees said they were happy to eat up on the selection of in-flight snacks and meals. In-flight magazines were also popular with four out of five passengers.

The international flyers did however express their desire for better in-flight entertainment. “The industry has greatly improved the comfort, entertainment and onboard service, and passengers are accepting those improvements” said Russell Lemieux, APEX executive director. “At the same time, passengers are demanding more from their air travel experiences which will drive more improvements touching all aspects of the journey. ” he added. 

1.What can you probably see in the flight according to the passage?

A. Brazilians choose to drink.

B. Americans do in-flight shopping.

C. Germans chat to kill the time.

D. The Chinese switch off the seat-belt sign.

2.When on board the plane, ______.

A. passengers from one nation have little in common

B. most passengers like to read in-flight magazines

C. more than half of the passengers don’t enjoy plane food 

D. most people tend to use in-flight time to have a good sleep.

3. What can we learn from the last paragraph?

A. Flyers care little about entertainment.

B. Flyers are not satisfied with the improvements.

C. Flyers are expecting better flight experiences.

D. Flyers have more and more demands from airlines.

4.What’s the purpose of the passage?

A.To entertain readers with interesting stories.

B. To encourage people to behave well in public.

C.To criticize impolite behaviors on the plane.

D.To inform readers of the results of a survey.

 

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I am Peter Hodes, a volunteer stem cell courier. Since March 2012, I’ve done 89 trips ---- of those, 51 have been abroad, I have 42 hours to carry stem cells (干细胞) in my little box because I’ve got two ice packs and that’s how long they last. In all, from the time the stem cells are harvested from a donor to the time they can be implanted in the patient, we’ve got 72 hours at most. So I am always conscious of time.

I had one trip last year where I was caught by a hurricane in America. I picked up the stem cells in Providence, Rhode Island, and was meant to fly to Washington then back to London. But when I arrived at the check-in desk at Providence, the lady on the desk said: “Well, I’m really sorry, I’ve got some bad news for you ---- there are no flights from Washington.” So I took my box and put it on the desk and I said: “In this box are some stem cells that are urgently needed for a patient ---- please, please, you’ve got to get me back to the United Kingdom.” She just dropped everything. She arranged for a flight on a small plane to be held for me, re-routed (改道) me through Newark and got me back to the UK even earlier than originally scheduled.

For this courier job, you’re consciously aware that in that box you’ve got something that is potentially going to save somebody’s life.

1. Which of the following can replace the underlined word “courier” in Paragraph 1?

A. provider               B. collector

C. delivery man           D. medical doctor

2. Why does Peter have to complete his trip within 42 hours?

A. The ice won’t last any longer.

B. The donor can only wait for that long.

C. The operation needs that much time.

D. He cannot stay away from his job too long.

3.Which fight did the woman put Peter on first?

A. To Newark.              B. To London.   

C. To Providence.          D. To Washington.

 

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