Question

Grown-ups are often surprised by how well they remember something they learned as children but have never practiced ever since. A man who has not had a chance to go swimming for years can still swim as well as ever when he gets back in the water. He can get on a bicycle after many years and still ride away. He can play catch and hit a ball as well as his son. A mother who has not thought about the words for years can teach her daughter the poem that begins "Twinkle, twinkle, little star" or remember the story of Cinderella or Goldilocks and the Three Bears.

One explanation is the law of overlearning, which can be stated as follows: Once we have learned something, additional learning trials increase the length of time we will remember it.

In childhood we usually continue to practice such skills as swimming, bicycle riding, and playing baseball long after we have learned them. We continue to listen to and remind ourselves of words such as "Twinkle, twinkle, little star" and childhood tales such as Cinderella and Goldilocks. We not only learn but overlearn.

The multiplication tables(乘法口诀表) are an exception to the general rule that we forget rather quickly the things that we learn in school, because they are another of the things we overlearn in childhood. The law of overlearning explains why cramming (突击学习) for an examination, though it may result in a passing grade, is not a satisfactory way to learn a college course. By cramming, a student may learn the subject well enough to get by on the examination, but he is likely soon to forget almost everything he learned. A little overlearning, on the other hand, is really necessary for one's future development.

1.What’s the main idea of Paragraph 1?

A. Children have a better memory than grown-ups.

B. People remember well what they learned in childhood.

C. Poem reading is a good way to learn words.

D. Stories for children are easy to remember.

2.The author explains the law of overlearning by ________.

A. presenting research findings

B. setting down general rules

C. using examples

D. making a comparison

3.According to the author, being able to use multiplication tables is ________.

A. a result of overlearning

B. a special case of cramming

C. a skill to deal with math problems

D. a basic step towards advanced studies

4.What is the author's opinion on cramming?

A. It leads to failure in college exams.

B. It increases students' learning interest.

C. It's possible to result in poor memory.

D. It's helpful only in a limited way.

Answer

1.B

2.C

3.A

4.D

【解析】

试题分析：本文讲述的是小时候学的东西印象深刻，长大后依然能回忆起来学的东西，一种解释是这是过度学习造成的结果。

1.B 段落大意题。根据第一段的Grown-ups are often surprised by how well they remember something they learned as children but have never practiced ever since.可知，第一段主要讲述的是小时候学的东西印象深刻。故选B。

2.C 细节理解题。根据第二、三介绍过度学习可知是用了举例的方法。故选C。

3.A 细节理解题。根据文章的The multiplication tables(乘法口诀表) are an exception to the general rule that we forget rather quickly the things that we learn in school, because they are another of the things we overlearn in childhood.可知，学会乘法规则是过度学习的结果。故选A。

4.D 主旨大意题。根据最后一段中By cramming, a student may learn the subject well enough to get by on the examination, but he is likely soon to forget almost everything he learned.可知，这种学习效果有限，故选D。

考点：考查教育类阅读

【名师点睛】

英语高考阅读理解细节题解题技巧

一、语义转换题——跳读查找法这是做事实细节题最基本也是最常用的方法。在通常情况下，细节题主要考查考生对某句话或某几句话的理解，同学们若能根据题干内容从原文中找到相关的句子，然后进行比较和分析，便可确定最佳答案。

运用跳读查找法时，同学们要特别注意试题（包括选项）与原文之间的适当变换。根据近几年的考题情况来看，现在很少有直接用原文中的句子进行考查和测试的，而通常要进行一定的处理。而这种“处理”主要就是指进行语义转换，其中包括同义变换、概念解析、归纳事实等。比如第60题，根据文章的The multiplication tables(乘法口诀表)are an exception to the general rule that we forget rather quickly the things that we learn in school, because they are another of the things we overlearn in childhood.可知，学会乘法规则是过渡学习的结果。故选A。

二、生活应用题——常识理解法生活应用题要求考生在读懂文章的基础上结合一定的生活常识进行判断。不过，有趣的是，高考有时会出现一些“低级”常识判断题，即无需看懂文章，也可选出最佳答案。

三、细节排序题——首尾定位法

这种试题要求考生根据动作发生的先后顺序和句子之间的逻辑关系，找出事件发生的正确顺序。同学们在做这种题时可采用“首尾定位法”，即最先找出第一个动作和最后一个动作，迅速缩小选择范围，从而快速选出正确答案。比如第61题：主旨大意题。根据文章的介绍可知，不仅要依靠过渡学习，还要保持继续学习。故选D。

四、寻找信息题——题干定位法快速寻找信息题一般为功能阅读题，主要形式有广告、公告、演出信息、航班时间表等。做这类题时没有必要阅读全文，宜采用“题干定位法”。