How did the ancient Chinese keep food warm in winter?
Facilities like electric rice cookers, microwaves, and electric kettles, make it easy for people to keep food warm and enjoy a comfortable winter. So how did Chinese people in ancient times keep food warm in winter without these? In fact, ancient Chinese people used their own methods of heat preservation as early as the Shang and Zhou dynasties.
● “Wen Ding”, ancient rice cooker
One of the major functions of an electric rice cooker is to keep food warm. The “Wen Ding”, an ancient cooking container, served the same purpose, but instead of using electric energy, the ancient cooking container, served the same purpose, but instead of using electric energy, the ancient cooking container preserved heart by burning fuels like charcoal.
The “Wen Ding” unearthed in Nanjing in 1989 is thought to be the oldest of its kind discovered in China, dating back to the Stone Age, The craftsmanship of making the “Wen Ding” was developed in the Bronze Age. The bronze Ding from Shang and Zhou dynasties took on different shapes and structures.
● “Ran LU”, ancient small hot pot
The “Ran LU” is a small size cooking vessel(器皿) made of bronze, which can be divided into three parts. A charcoal stove forms the main structure, with a bottom tray to hold charcoal ashes, and a movable cup at the top. Some experts have concluded that the vessel’s structure suggests it may have been used as a small hot pot and that these vessels became popular in the Warring States Period(475—221 BC)
●Bronze You, ancient kettle
The Bronze You was one of the most common wine containers during the Shang and Zhou dynasties. The Bronze You can also be used to warm wine. For example, the Bronze You with beast mask design, unearthed in Jiangxi province, has an opening where charcoals could be placed. Just as people today can’t do without an electric kettle, the Bronze You allowed people to enjoy a hot drink.
●Bronze Yan, ancient steamer
Although the “Wen Ding” was effective at keeping food warm, the ancient Chinese people later found that its burning produced pollution. As a result, the Bronze Yan was made with a two-tier structure and used to steam rice and other grains. After the Eastern Han Dynasty (AD 25-AD 220), further improvements to the Bronze Yan led to the modern-day steamer.
1.When did the “Ran LU” become popular?
A. In the Zhou Dynasty.
B. In the Warring States Period.
C. In the Eastern Han dynasty.
D. In the Stone Age.
2.The Bronze You, unearthed in Jiangxi province, has an opening to ________.
A. store wineB. pour water
C. place charcoalsD. hold charcoal ashes
3.What is the unique advantage of the Bronze Yan?
A. It is warm.
B. It is convenient.
C. It is environment-friendly.
D. It is useful.
4.Among the following products, which one may have the longest history?
A. The “Wen Ding”.B. The “Ren LU”.
C. The Bronze You.D. The Bronze Yan.
1.—Did you see a man in black pass by just now?
—No, sir. I ________ (read) a newspaper.
2.To learn English well, we should find opportunities to hear English ________(speak) as much as we can.
3.Don’t promise anything ________ you are one hundred percent sure.
4.Words came ________ our team won the game.
5.The boss, ________ company my father has worked in for 20 years, is kind.
6.How long do you think it will be ________ China sends a spaceship to the moon?
7.Jim receive a letter just now ________(say) his dad would come to see him soon.
8.________ makes the shop different is that it offers more personal services.
9.We all ________ (have) a good time in the past three days.
10.The deaf dancers think dancing is an activity ________ sight matters more than hearing.
1.When a man is thirsty, he will be a________ for water but not money.
2.Please o________ the whole process of the experiment and tell me your conclusion.
3.“Hero”, the new a________ of Jay Zhou, was very popular with youth.
4.The game will begin, and all the p________ should wait outside patiently.
5.Yesterday, different teams a________ different approaches to the problems.
6.I’m sorry. But I didn’t r________ you at the first sight.
7.The new material can s________ very high and very low temperatures.
8.Smoking is b________ in all public places.
9.They were out of b________ after running only five minutes.
10.Zhang Yimou is a famous film d________ in China, even in the world.
一家宾馆新开业，为吸引外国宾客，希望在互联网上进行宣传，请你用英语为其写一篇文字介绍。主要内容应包括：
1．地点：距白山入口处500米；
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4．游泳池：全天免费开放；
5．欢迎预定。
注意：
1．词数100左右，开头语已为你写好；
2．可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
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假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共
有10处错误，每句中最多有两处。错误涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。
增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号(Λ)，并在其下面写出该加的词。
删除：把多余的词用斜线(＼)划掉。
修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。
注意：
1．每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；
2．只允许修改10处，多者(从第11处起)不计分。
I can’t swim so I have a strong fear of water. Look back at my childhood, I think that three reasons might explain fear. Firstly, I am not allowed to go near the water when I was a child, as my mother had an unreasonable fear of it. Therefore, I was taught to see to the water as something danger. Secondly, my eyes became bad when I was five. If I took off my glass in the water, I couldn’t see something, and this increased my fear. What’s worse, for a child I once saw a neighbor drowned. Since then I have been more frightening.
阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（不多于3个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。
Ms. Mary was over eighty, but she still drove her old car like half her age. She loved driving very fast, and boasted of the fact 1. she had never, in her thirty-five years of driving, been punished 2. a driving mistake.
Then one day, she nearly lost her record. A police car followed her, and the policemen in it saw her pass a red light without 3. (stop).
When Ms. Mary came before the judge, he looked at her _4.__(severe) and said that she was too old to drive a car, and that the reason 5. she had not stopped at red light was most probably that her eyes had become weak with old age, __6.__ she had simply not seen it.
When the judge had finished what he was saying, Ms. Mary opened the big handbag she was carrying and took out her sewing. Without saying a word, she 7. (choose) a needle with a very small eye, and threaded it at the first time.
When she had successfully done this, she took the thread out of the needle again and handed __8._ the needle and thread to the judge, saying, “Now it is your turn. I suppose you can drive 9. car well, and you have no doubts about your eyesight.”
The judge took the needle and tried to thread it. After half a dozen times, he had still not __10.__(success). The case against Ms. Mary was dismissed, and her record remained unbroken.
