第二节基础知识测试
注意：1—5题为单词拼写（每空一词），6—10题为完成句子（不限词数）。
1.She chose to learn the violin in __________(prefer) to the piano.
2.During the talks in Copenhagen, all the 192 nations agree on the fact that climate change is posing a threat to the __________(生存) of human beings.
3.The new solider __________(射击) at the target, but missed it again.
4.We’ll start tomorrow, weather __________(permit).
5.He was touched by the __________(warm) of their welcome.
6.“The interest ______________________ be divided into five parts, according to the agreement made by both sides.” declared the judge.
7.But for my classmates’ help, I ______________________(not finish) the work in time.
8.He studied hard before the examination, and it ______________________ (得到回报，取得成功). He made an A.
9.The president spoke at the business meeting for nearly an hour without ______________________(参考) his notes.
10.Would you like my old TV ______________________(交换) this camera?
阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。
Also 1.(know) as “paper paintings” and “painted pictures”, New Year paintings are 2. unique art form in Chinese folk culture. The paintings are called “New Year paintings” because they are 3.(most) posted during the Chinese New Year holiday 4. decoration and they are also a symbol of New Year’s greetings.
New Year paintings 5. (appear) around the Tang dynasty, replacing the previous door pictures 6. (feature) the gods believed to be able to protect the residents and drive away ghosts. In the Song dynasty, New Year paintings were created on a large scale. With the advancement of printing technology, the content and forms of New Year paintings became 7.(diversity). The development of the paintings matured in the Ming and Qing dynasties, 8.the art hit its heyday(全盛期).
Traditional printing 9.(method) of New Year paintings include woodlock printing, stone-block printing, offset (胶印) printing, traditional Chinese painting, watercolor painting and sketches etc. Woodblock printed New Year paintings 10.(be) the most popular and interesting ones.
阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
If life were a book and you were the author, how would you like the story to go? That is the question that my life forever.
One day l went home from the training of snowboarding with what I thought was the flu, and less than 24 hours later,1 was in a on life support with less than two percent of living. It wasn't until days later that the doctors diagnosed me with a blood infection. Over the of 2.5 months, I lost the hearing in my left ear and both my legs below the knee. When my parents me out of the hospital, I that I had been put together like a patchwork（拼缝物）doll and I had to live with legs. I was absolutely physically and emotionally broken, streaming down.
But I knew in order to move forward, I had to let go of the Old Amy and the New Amy. It was at this moment that I asked myself that significant .And that is when it me that I didn't have to be five-foot-five anymore, I could be as tall as l wanted. And of all ,I can make my feet the size of all the shoes. So there were here.
Four months later,1 was back upon a .And this February, I won two Board World Cup gold medals, me the highest ranked snowboarder in the world. So, instead of looking at our and our limitations as something _ or bad, we can begin looking at them as a wonderful that can be used to help us go further than we ever know we could go.
1.A.saved B. risked C. ruined D. changed
2.A.hospital B. club C. field D. stadium
3.A.thought B. degree C. chance D. decision
4.A. mild B. severe C. potential D. slight
5.A.journey B. break C. course D. schedule
6.A.wheeled B. dragged C .pulled D. delivered
7.A.made sure B. felt like C. worked outD. put forward
8.A.muscled B .heavy C. shapely D. false
9.A.blood B .sweat C. tears D. water
10.A.hug B. recognizeC. fix D. introduce
11.A.plan B. question C. informationD. favor
12.A.stuck B. brokeC. beatD. broadened
13.A.although B. so C. while D. but
14.A.first B. strangest C. best D. luckiest
15.A.struggles B. benefits C. rewards D. conflicts
16.A.stage B. snowboardC. track D. playground
17.A.allowing B. giving C. calling D. making
18.A.challenges B. achievementsC .devotionsD. hesitations
19.A.active B. amazing C. negative D. terminal
20.A.ability B. skill C. tool D. gift
Every living thing has genes. Genes carry information. 1. They make sure that humans give birth to humans and cows give birth to cows. They also make sure that a dog doesn’t give birth to a frog, or an elephant to a horse. However, genetic engineers take genes from one species-for example, a snake, and transfer them to another-for example, corn. 2. Such new life forms have been described, by some scientists as a real-life Frankenstein(科幻怪人).
Genetic engineers put duck genes into chicken to make the chickens bigger. They put hormones(激素) into cows to make them produce more milk. They put genes from flowers into beans and from fish into tomatoes. 3. It just makes them easier and faster for the farmer to grow.
The effects of genetic engineering on the natural world may be disastrous. The engineers may create strange life beings, or monsters. that we cannot control. 4. They’ll have to find one, fight for one-or kill for one. It may be your land they fight for-or you that they kill. Moreover, the effects of these experiments can often be cruel. In America, pigs were given human genes to make them bigger and less fatty. The experiment failed. The pigs became very ill and began to lose their eyesight. We would all like a better, healthier and longer life, and genetic engineering might give us this. On the other hand, it may be a dangerous experiment with nature. In the story of Frankenstein, the doctor created such a terrible and dangerous monster that he had to destroy it. 5.
A. The information tells us what to do or what not to do
B. We must make sure that this tale remains a story-and no more than that
C. This doesn’t make them cheaper, tastier, or healthier
D. The new life forms have no natural habitat or home
E. Then they feed the tomatoes to the fish
F. In this way a new life form is created
G. They are passed on from generation to generation
Jeremy Kerr, a researcher at the University of Ottawa in Canada, and his colleagues analyzed more than 400,000 observations of bumblebee species collected in North America and Europe from 1975 to 2010. When the researchers recorded the locations of these bee populations, they found that many of the 67 species analyzed were moving northward from their southern limits while the northern edges of the bees’ ranges are staying in place. What it results in is obvious.
Bees have been paid more attention to in recent years, with populations of honeybees and bumblebees obviously declining in some parts of Europe. Previously, attention on the decline of bee populations has focused on causes including habitat loss, pesticide use and the spread of bee parasites(寄生虫). But the work by Kerr’s team found something different.
"For every species, there is one or two species declining and others that are not moving at all," says Kerr. This shift has also been observed in other species, such as butterflies. But due to a new cause — the rise of temperatures instead of total pesticide use, a change in land use or parasites, bumblebees — unlike butterflies — have failed to extend the northern boundaries of their ranges into the territory that is now habitable for them, so bumblebee species across Europe and North America are declining rapidly, the latest study led by Kerr’s team finds. "Our data suggest that the new factor plays a leading, or perhaps the leading, role in this trend," says Kerr.
"This study shows that a fourth factor is also beginning to affect it. It is likely that the combined stresses from all of these pressures will have destructive impacts on bumblebees in the not-too-distant future," says Dave Goulson, a bee researcher at the University of Sussex, Brighton, UK.
Exactly what can be done to help bumblebees is not clear. Kerr’s team suggests that relocating colonies might be an answer but Goulson says that because the insects are mobile they are capable of moving northwards if there is suitable habitat available.
1.What does the move of the bees’ southern limits lead to?
A. The birth of new bee species.
B. The rise of the bees’ population.
C. The evolution of the bees.
D. The reduction of the bees’ habitat.
2.What’s the new cause of bee populations’ declining according to Kerr?
A. Habitat loss.
B. Pesticide use.
C. Climate change.
D. The spread of bee parasites.
3.Which statement may Goulson agree with?
A. Relocating bumblebees isn’t much good.
B. The findings of Kerr’s study are doubtful.
C. The future of bumblebees is still promising.
D. Knowing bumblebees’ living habits is the most urgent.
4.What kind of writing is this passage?
A. A book review.
B. An announcement.
C. A scientific report.
D. An official report.
The sharing economy, represented by companies like Airbnb or Uber, is the latest fashion craze. But many supporters have overlooked the reality that this new business model is largely based on escaping regulations and breaking the law.
Airbnb is an Internet-based service that allows people to rent out spare rooms to strangers for short stays. Uber is an Internet taxi service that allows thousands of people to answer ride requests with their own cars. There are hundreds of other such services.
The good thing about the sharing economy is that it promotes the use of underused resources. Millions of people have houses or apartments with empty rooms, and Airbnb allows them to profit from these rooms while allowing guests a place to stay at prices that are often far less than those charged by hotels. Uber offers prices that are competitive with standard taxi prices and their drivers are often much quicker and more trustworthy.
But the downside of the sharing economy has gotten much less attention. Most cities and states both tax and regulate hotels, and the tourists who stay in hotels are usually an important source of tax income. But many of Airbnb’s customers are not paying the taxes required under the law.
Airbnb can also raise issues of safety for its customers and trouble for hosts’ neighbors. Hotels are regularly inspected to ensure that they are not fire traps and that they don’t form other risks for visitors. Airbnb hosts face no such inspections.
Since Airbnb is allowing people to escape taxes and regulations, the company is simply promoting thefts. Others in the economy will lose by bearing an additional tax burden or being forced to live next to an apartment unit with a never-ending series of noisy visitors.
The same story may apply with Uber. Uber is currently in disputes over whether its cars meet the safety and insurance requirements imposed on standard taxis. Also, if Uber and related services flood the market, they could harm all taxi drivers’ ability to earn a minimum wage.
This downside of the sharing needs to be taken seriously, but that doesn’t mean the current tax and regulatory structure is perfect.
1.What is the positive thing about the sharing economy?
A. It is a global trend.
B. It is beyond regulations.
C. It draws on spare resources.
D. It brings in modest profits.
2.What is the problem with Airbnb customers according to the passage?
A. They are not regularly inspected.
B. They are likely to commit thefts.
C. They are allowed not to pay taxes.
D. They can be noisy to hosts’ neighbours.
3.What is the argument over Uber according to the passage?
A. Whether it guarantees customers’ safety.
B. Whether it provides reliable services.
C. Whether it lowers customers’ expenses.
D. Whether it can compete with standard taxis.
4.What will be talked about in the following paragraphs?
A. Existing regulations and laws.
B. Necessary improvements of current laws.
C. Further development of Airbnb and Uber.
D. More downsides of Airbnb and Uber.
