Question

We can achieve knowledge either actively or passively. We achieve it actively by direct experience, by testing and proving an idea, or by reasoning.

We achieve knowledge passively by being told by someone else. Most of the learning that takes place in the classroom and the kind that happens when we watch TV or read newspapers or magazines is passive. Conditioned as we are to passive learning, it’s not surprising that we depend on it in our everyday communication with friends and co-workers.

Unfortunately, passive learning has a serious problem. It makes us tend to accept what we are told even when it is little more than hearsay(传闻) and rumor.

Did you ever play the game Rumor? It begins when one person writes down a message but doesn’t show it to anyone. Then the person whispers it, word for word, to another person. That person, in turn, whispers it to still another, and so on, through all the people playing the game. The last person writes down the message word for word as he or she hears it. Then the two written statements are compared. Typically, the original message has changed.

That’s what happens in daily life. The simple fact that people repeat a story in their own words changes the story. Then, too, most people listen imperfectly. And many enjoy adding their own creative touch to a story, trying to improve on it, stamping it with their own personal style. Yet those who hear it think they know.

This process is also found among scholars and authors: A statement of opinion by one writer may be restated as fact by another, who may in turn be quoted by yet another; and this process may continue, unless it occurs to someone to question the facts on which the original writer based his opinion or to challenge the interpretation he placed upon those facts.

1.According to the passage, active learning may occur in ________.

A. reading scientific journals

B. listening to the teacher in class

C. doing a chemical experiment

D. watching news programmes on TV

2.What does the underlined word “it” in Paragraph 2 refer to?

A. Classroom.    B. Newspapers.    C. Active learning.    D. Passive learning.

3.The game Rumor is mentioned in Paragraph 4 in order to tell readers that ________.

A. playing games can make people more active

B. people tend to like telling lies when playing games

C. a message may be changed when being passed on

D. people may have problems with their sense of hearing

4.What can be inferred from the text?

A. Scholars and authors can’t be trusted.

B. Passive learning may not be reliable.

C. People like spreading rumors in daily life.

D. Active learning is more Important than passive learning.

Answer

1.C

2.D

3.C

4.B

【解析】本文介绍了主动学习和被动学习，区分了什么是主动学习，什么是被动学习。并用实例说明了被动学习存在的问题。

1.细节理解题。根据第一段We achieve it actively by direct experience, by testing and proving an idea, or by reasoning.一句可知，积极学习包括亲身经历，实践等。故做化学实验属于积极学习。故选C。

2.推理判断题。it指代前面所说的事情，前面说的都是被动学习的内容。故选D。

3.推理判断题。第四段介绍了Rumor这个游戏，即一个人写下信息让下面的人口述直到最后一个人再写下信息内容，最后内容却被改变了。作者通过这个例子是想告诉我们信息在传递过程中可能会被改变，故选C。

4.推理判断题。文章用两个例子说明了被动学习会改变原来说话者想要表达的意思，所以被动学习是不可靠的。故选B。