When your child is supposed to be doing homework, are they chatting with their friends on Facebook or playing games? Many studies have shown that multitasking doesn’t_______, _______your child is probably proudly claiming they can do ten things_______! Many people believe that they can_______two or more tasks at the same time, but Dr. Edward Hallowell says this is_______. The reality is that multitasking_______poor job performance.
New hand-held_______such as smartphones, iPads, games and social networking sites make it very easy to multitask and “attention_______” leading to difficulty focusing on the task_______, such as listening in the classroom or doing homework. “__________, the brain actually__________kids for multitasking even though when your child is supposed to doing homework performance on every task gets worse and worse. Kids don't know that they are doing__________because they feel better when they multitask,” says Dr Edward Hallowell.
__________the appearance of hand-held devices and social networking sites, teachers have noticed a difference in__________performance, critical thinking skills and how information is__________. “Multitasking prevents people from gaining a deep understanding of the information they are trying to learn,” says Dr Edward Hallowell. Kids have a difficult time sticking with a” difficult to understand" topic and__________to allow themselves to be distracted(分散的), to tune out and switch__________ to Facebook or using their cell phones__________working harder at understanding a difficult subject or problem. In the long__________, multitasking affects grades. One study showed that kids that use the Internet while in class did__________on tests resulting in lower grades.
1.A. play B. understand C. use D. work
2.A. only if B. even though C. so that D. no wonder
3.A. at once B. right away C. in no time D. at random
4.A. advocate B. deal C. perform D. prefer
5.A. impossible B. important C. impatient D. impolite
6.A. results in B. results from C. exists in D. exists from
7.A. designs B. discoveries C. equipment D. evidence
8.A. attract B. draw C. pay D. share
9.A. at hand B. on time C. on schedule D. at times
10.A. Uncertainly B. Unfortunately C. Universally D. Undoubtedly
11.A. remains B. rewards C. regards D. reflects
12.A. better B. well C. bad D. worse
13.A. Since B. Before C. When D. While
14.A. accidental B. accurate C. accessible D. academic
15.A. produced B. processed C. possessed D. promoted
16.A. tend B. attend C. intend D. pretend
17.A. out B. on C. off D. over
18.A. except for B. rather than C. more than D. apart from
19.A. run B. walk C. journey D. distance
20.A. hardly B. successfully C. poorly D. mildly
What makes people successful? Take a look around and talk to your friends and seniors who are very successful, you will see all of them have adopted certain values which have proved important for their success.
It is evident that successful people take initiative(主动性). When they find something needs to be done, they never hesitate to do it. 1.. They weigh immediately what has to be done and then do it with pleasure thus strengthening their reputation.
Successful people do things with great enthusiasm, especially when they believe in what they are doing. They are motivated by their own satisfaction and the joy they get from doing their work. 2..
They do not fear failure. Failures and disappointments in life are unavoidable. 3.. Successful people pick themselves up after a fall and try again with more determination and commitment and learn from each failure. They associate with those they can learn from and enjoy the company of those appreciating their achievement.
Having good IQ often gets a person what he wants but it’s really the EQ that keeps him there and helps him enjoy a high reputation. 4.. By giving respect to others, they command respect for themselves.
5.. It’s better to praise others and win favor with them. So instead of complaining about a situation, successful people always try to solve it.
A. Successful people never complain
B. Successful person don’t make excuses.
C. They work hard even when no one is watching
D. They believe that responsibility is taken, not given
E. It’s failure that teaches us much more than success
F. It’s hard to be successful if you don’t trust the people around you
G. Successful people are polite to everyone and treat others with respect
Most episodes of absent-minded-forgetting where you left something or wondering why you just entered a room—are caused by a simple lack of attention, says Schacter. “You’re supposed to remember something, but you haven’t encoded it deeply.”
Encoding, Schacter explains, is a special way of paying attention to an event that has a major impact on recalling it later. Failure to encode properly can create annoying situation. If you put your mobile phone in a pocket, for example, and don’t pay attention to what you did because you’re involved in a conversation, you’ll probably forget that the phone is in the jacket now hanging in your wardrobe(衣柜). “Your memory itself isn’t failing you,” says Schacter, “Rather, you didn’t give your memory system the information it needed.”
Lack of interest can also lead to absent-mindedness. “A man who recite sports statistics from 30 years ago,” says Zelinski, “may not remember to drop a letter in the mailbox.” Women have slightly better memories than men, possibly because they are more interested in what’s happening around them, and memory relies on just that.
Visual cues(提示) can help prevent absent-mindedness, says Schacter. “But be sure the cue is clear and available,” he cautions. If you want to remember to take a medication with lunch, put the bill bottle on the kitchen table—don’t leave it in the medicine chest and write yourself a note that you keep in a pocket.
Another common episode of absent-mindedness: walking into a room and wondering why you’re there. Most likely, you were thinking about something else. “Everyone does this from time to time,” says Zelinski. The best thing to do is to return to where you were before entering the room, and you’ll likely remember.
1.What does the underlined word “episode” in Paragraph 1 probably mean?
A. Experiences. B. Experiments. C. Expressions. D. Feelings.
2.According to the passage, women have better memories than men probably because ________.
A. they have a wider range of interests
B. they always put things where they were
C. they pay more attention to their environment
D. they prefer to write notes to tell them what they should do
3.What can help prevent absent-mindedness according to Schacter?
A. Writing notes. B. Taking some medicine.
C. Putting something in sight. D. Returning to where you were.
4.What is the best title for the text?
A. A Way of Recalling B. The Importance of Encoding
C. Cures for Absent-mindedness D. Causes of Absent-mindedness
Four great railway journeys
Travelling by rail holds a romantic and old-fashioned appeal that can’t be matched by flying or driving. By taking the slow route, you get to experience and interact with an area in a completely different way.
The Rocky Mountaineer
Where: Canada, from Vancouver to Banff, Jasper and Calgary.
When: In June, which is springtime in the Rockies, complete with blooming flowers and abundant wildlife.
Duration: between two and eight days, travelling only in daylight, staying in luxury hotels.
Highlights: Splendid views of Rocky mountains, incredible luxury at every stage of the trip, traditional native storytelling, wine classes and natural history workshop.
The Chepe
Where: Mexico. It begins its journey in the mountains of Chihuahua and finishes on the Sinaloa coast.
When: In the rainy season, from June to October, you’ll get lush vegetation(丰富的植被) and blooming cacti(仙人掌),although mid-summer (July) temperatures can reach 44 °C.
Duration: Doing the route straight through takes 14 hours, but you’ll want to stop off overnight and explore traditional towns along the way.
Highlights: The train winds its way down through 656 km of the spectacular Copper Canyon (which is deeper than the Grand Canyon), over 37 precarious-looking bridges and through 86 tunnels. Local people sell crafts and foods along the route.
The Ghan
Where: Australia, from Adelaide to Darwin via Alice Springs.
When: Going during the wet season (December, January) will allow you to see more wildlife and tropical splendour in the north, though peak season is usually the winter.
Duration: Going straight through takes 52 hours. There are disembarkation points(登陆点) from which you can take tours.
Highlights: Going through Australia’s Red Centre with cobalt-blue skies, red earth and not much else — a beautiful and serene(宁静的) experience.
The Royal Scotsman
Where: Travels around the Scottish Highlands or all the way around Great Britain.
When: Warmer weather and up to 20 hours of daylight in June makes it the perfect time to watch ospreys soaring (鱼鹰飞翔) over mirror-like lochs(湖), or go in October for autumn colours and the rather vocal stag-rutting season.
Duration: Trips can be as short as two days or as long as seven. Highlights: Possibly the most expensive train journey in the world. You’ll be treated like a member of the monarchy(皇室). Indulgent(放纵的) cuisine, fine wines and carriages that look like rooms at Balmoral Castle await those willing to part with a minimum of £2350 per person for a two-night trip.
1.Which of the following journey has the shortest duration?
A. The Chepe. B. The Ghan.
C. The Rocky mountaineer. D. The Royal scotsman.
2.Visitors may have the opportunity to try some wine in ________.
A. The Royal scotsman and The Chepe
B. The Royal scotsman and The Ghan
C. The Rocky mountaineer and The Chepe
D. The Rocky mountaineer and The Royal Scotsman
3.If a Chinese family wants to have a travel during the Spring Festival, which one would be suitable for them?
A. The Chepe. B. The Ghan. C. The Rocky mountaineer. D. The Royal scotsman.
We can achieve knowledge either actively or passively. We achieve it actively by direct experience, by testing and proving an idea, or by reasoning.
We achieve knowledge passively by being told by someone else. Most of the learning that takes place in the classroom and the kind that happens when we watch TV or read newspapers or magazines is passive. Conditioned as we are to passive learning, it’s not surprising that we depend on it in our everyday communication with friends and co-workers.
Unfortunately, passive learning has a serious problem. It makes us tend to accept what we are told even when it is little more than hearsay(传闻) and rumor.
Did you ever play the game Rumor? It begins when one person writes down a message but doesn’t show it to anyone. Then the person whispers it, word for word, to another person. That person, in turn, whispers it to still another, and so on, through all the people playing the game. The last person writes down the message word for word as he or she hears it. Then the two written statements are compared. Typically, the original message has changed.
That’s what happens in daily life. The simple fact that people repeat a story in their own words changes the story. Then, too, most people listen imperfectly. And many enjoy adding their own creative touch to a story, trying to improve on it, stamping it with their own personal style. Yet those who hear it think they know.
This process is also found among scholars and authors: A statement of opinion by one writer may be restated as fact by another, who may in turn be quoted by yet another; and this process may continue, unless it occurs to someone to question the facts on which the original writer based his opinion or to challenge the interpretation he placed upon those facts.
1.According to the passage, active learning may occur in ________.
A. reading scientific journals
B. listening to the teacher in class
C. doing a chemical experiment
D. watching news programmes on TV
2.What does the underlined word “it” in Paragraph 2 refer to?
A. Classroom. B. Newspapers. C. Active learning. D. Passive learning.
3.The game Rumor is mentioned in Paragraph 4 in order to tell readers that ________.
A. playing games can make people more active
B. people tend to like telling lies when playing games
C. a message may be changed when being passed on
D. people may have problems with their sense of hearing
4.What can be inferred from the text?
A. Scholars and authors can’t be trusted.
B. Passive learning may not be reliable.
C. People like spreading rumors in daily life.
D. Active learning is more Important than passive learning.
Tyler was born infected with HIV and his mother was also infected. From the very beginning of his life, he was dependent on medications (药物) to enable him to survive. When he was five, he had a tube surgically(外科手术上) inserted in a vein(静脉) in his chest. This tube was connected to a pump, which he carried in a small backpack on his back. Medications were connected to this pump and were continuously supplied through this tube to his bloodstream. At times, he also needed supplemented oxygen to support his breathing.
Tyler wasn't willing to give up one single moment of his childhood to this deadly disease. It was not unusual to find him playing and racing around his backyard, wearing his backpack and dragging his tank of oxygen behind him in his little wagon(小推车). All of us who knew Tyler were amazed at his pure joy in being alive and the energy it gave him. Tyler's mom often made jokes on him by telling him that he moved so fast she needed to dress him in red. That way, when she peered through the window to check on him playing in the yard, she could quickly spot him.
This terrible disease eventually wore him down. He grew quite ill and, unfortunately, so did his HIV-infected mother. When it became clear that he wasn't going to survive, Tyler's mom talked to him about death. She comforted him by telling Tyler that she was dying too, and that she would be with him soon in heaven.
A few days before his death, Tyler beckoned(召唤) me over to his hospital bed and whispered, "I might die soon. I'm not scared. When I die, please dress me in red. Mom promised she's coming to heaven, too. I'll be playing when she gets there, and I want to make sure she can find me."
1.Why did Tyler wear a backpack on his back when he was young?
A. Because his mother gave it to him as a gift.
B. Because he had no right to choose but to wear it.
C. Because he wanted to be different from the other kids.
D. Because there was a pump in it, which could help with his disease.
2.Tyler asked the writer to dress him in red when he died in order to ________.
A. show red is his favorite color.
B. see the writer again in the hospital.
C. make his mother recognize him easily.
D. persuade his mother to keep her promise.
3.What’s Tyler’s attitude towards death?
A. Excited. B. Fearful. C. Doubtful. D. Optimistic.
4.What does the writer want to tell us by writing this passage?
A. Even a child can teach us a lot.
B. Patients should be treated with respect.
C. People should have great courage to face the problems.
D. We should try our best to help those who are infected with HIV.
