Question

A new study finds that young females in one group of African chimps(黑猩猩) use sticks as dolls more than their male peers (同龄) do, often treating pieces of wood like a mother chimp caring for a baby. In human cultures around the world, girls play with dolls and pretend that the toys are babies far more than boys do.

Chimp observations, collected over 14 years of field work with the Kanyawara chimp community in Kibale National Park in Ugandan, provide the first evidence of a nonhuman animal in the wild that exhibits sex differences in how it plays. This finding supports an argument that biology as well as society underlies boys’ and girls’ different toy preferences.

Stick play occurred most commonly between ages 3 and 9. Females spent a lot more time carrying sticks than males did. Young male chimps occasionally used sticks to mimic(模仿) childcare. “Far more often, they fought with sticks, an infrequent behavior among females,” say Sonya Kahlenberg of Bates College in Lewiston, Maine, and Richard Wrangham of Harvard University.

“Biological differences between the sexes make female chimps more receptive to stick-mothering than males,” says Wrangham.

Consistent with reported cultural traditions among adult chimps, Kanyawara youngsters learned from each other to play with sticks as if caring for babies. Stick play among young chimps showed no evidence of being directly influenced by older chimps. Child-bearing females never played with sticks and thus didn’t model such behavior for younger chimps.

Young females carried sticks for anywhere from a few minutes to several hours. They often rested in nests with their sticks, sometimes playing with them much as chimp mothers play with their babies though they didn’t get any form of teaching from the adults.

1.What does a stick seem like to a young female chimp who plays with it?

A. A doll.    B. A mother.    C. A baby.    D. A toy.

2.We can see from the text that young female chimps ________.

A. often carry sticks with males

B. always carry sticks with males

C. never use sticks in fighting

D. seldom use sticks in fighting

3.From whom do the young chimps pick up the stick play behavior?

A. From each other.    B. From older chimps.

C. From their mothers.    D. From male chimps.

4.What does the text mainly tell us about young chimps’ stick play?

A. The types of stick play and social influence.

B. The sex differences and social influence.

C. The sex differences and age differences.

D. The ways of stick play and age differences.

Answer

1.C

2.D

3.A

4.B

【解析】本文主要讲述了雌雄黑猩猩与棍子的关系，反映了性别差异与社会影响。

1.细节理解题。根据文章第一句A new study finds that young females in one group of African chimps(黑猩猩) use sticks as dolls more than their male peers(同龄) do, often treating pieces of wood like a mother chimp caring for a baby.可知，对一个年轻的雌猩猩来说，一个棍子就像一个婴儿一样，故选C。

2.推理判断题。根据第三段中Young male chimps occasionally used sticks to mimic(模仿) childcare. “Far more often, they fought with sticks, an infrequent behavior among females,”可推知，年轻的雌猩猩很少用棍子进行打斗。故选D。

3.

4.B主旨大意题。根据第一段第一句A new study finds that young females in one group of African chimps(黑猩猩) use sticks as dolls more than their male peers(同龄) do, often treating pieces of wood like a mother chimp caring for a baby.和第四段“Biological differences between the sexes make female chimps more receptive to stick-mothering than males,”可知，文章主要讲述了黑猩猩玩棍子的性别差异与社会影响。故选B。

【名师点睛】

推理判断题所涉及的内容可能是文中的某一句话，也可能是某几句话，所以，推理题的答案只能是根据原文表面文字信息一步推出的答案：即对原文某一句话或某几句话所作的同义改写或综合。推理判断题的题干中通常含infer,suggest,imply,conclude  indicate等标志性词语。 这种题型主要包括细节判断题、态度观点推断题、写作意图推断题、文章出处判断题和猜测想象推断题。33.D推理判断题。根据第三段中Young male chimps occasionally used sticks to mimic(模仿) childcare. “Far more often, they fought with sticks, an infrequent behavior among females,”可知年轻的雌猩猩很少用棍子进行打斗。故选D。

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