Question

Researchers at the University of Kansas say that people can accurately judge 90 percent of a stranger's personality simply by looking at the person's shoes.” Shoes convey useful information about their wearers，”the authors wrote in the new study published in the Journal of Research in Personality.

Lead researcher Omri Gillath said the judgments were based on the style，cost，color and condition of someone's shoes. In the study，63 University of Kansas researchers looked at pictures showing 208 different pairs of shoes worn by the study's participants. Volunteers in the study were photographed in their most commonly worn shoes，and then filled out a personality questionnaire.

Some of the results were expected：People with higher incomes most commonly wore expensive shoes，and flashier shoes were typically worn by outgoing people. However，some of the more specific results are strange enough. For example，“practical and functional”shoes were generally worn by more“pleasant”people，while ankle boots were more linked with“aggressive”personalities. The strangest of all may be that those who wore” uncomfortable looking” shoes tend to have “calm” personalities. And if you have several pairs of new shoes or take extreme care of them，you may suffer from“attachment anxiety”，spending lots of time worrying about what other people think of your appearance. There was even a political calculation in the mix with more liberal(主张变革的)types wearing” shabbier and less expensive” shoes.

The researchers noted that some people will choose shoe styles to mask their actual personalities，but researchers noted that volunteers were also likely to be unaware that their footwear choices were showing the deep side of their personalities.

1.What does this text mainly tell us?

A. Shoes can hide people's real personalities.

B. Shoes convey false information about the wearer.

C. People's personalities can be judged by their shoes.

D. People know little about their personalities.

2.The participants were asked to        .

A. provide pictures of their shoes

B. look at pictures of different shoes

C. design a personality questionnaire

D. hand in their commonly worn shoes

3.Which of the results is beyond people's expectation?

A. Wealthy people often wear expensive shoes.

B. Pleasant people like wearing uncomfortable shoes.

C. Aggressive people are likely to wear ankle boots.

D. Flashier shoes are typically worn by outgoing people.

4.People suffering from“attachment anxiety” tend to        .

A. wear strange shoes    B. worry about their appearance

C. have a calm character    D. become a political leader

Answer

1.C

2.A

3.C

4.B

【解析】研究表明，一个人所穿的鞋子能够反应出他的性格等个人信息。根据一个人的鞋子可以判断一个人，甚至是陌生人的性格，准确率能达到90%。

1.C

主旨大意题。本文是一篇调查报告，开头提出“Shoes convey useful information about their wearers，’’然后对调查活动进行详细的介绍，最后通过their footwear choices were showing the deep side of their personalities进一步印证中心，所以文章主要讲述的是人们所穿的鞋子能反映出人的性格，故选C。

2.A

细节理解题。从文章第二段researchers looked at pictures showing 208 different pairs of shoes worn by the study’s participants以及Volunteers in the study were photographed in their most commonly worn shoes可知参与调查的人们要求提供他们鞋子的照片，故选A。

3.C

细节理解题。根据文章第三段However，some of the more specific results are strange enough．For example….. ankle boots were more linked with “aggressive” personalities．可知穿及踝短靴的人更具有攻击性是出乎人们意料的，故选C.

4.B

细节理解题。从文章第三段…..you may suffer from “attachment anxiety"，spending lots of time worrying about what other people think of your appearance．可知患有attachment anxiety的人们，会更担心他们的外表，故选B。

【名师点睛】

一、题型特点与命题方式

所谓细节题，是指原文提到了某事物、现象或理论，题干针对原文具体叙述本身发问。一般包括直接理解题(在原文中可直接找到答案，常用who, what, when, where, why和how等提问。)语义转化题(需要将题目信息与原文相关信息进行语义上的转换，两者存在表达上的差异，有时需要进行加工或整理后方能得出结论)、数字计算题、排列顺序题、图表图画题等。抓住文段中的事实和细节是做好该题型的关键，也是做好其它类型问题的基础。这类题型的题干常为：

When / Where did the story happen?

Which of the following statements is (not) correct?

Which of the following statements is (not) mentioned in the passage?

Which is the right order of the events given in the passage?

All the statements are true except…

该题型几乎都可以在文章中直接找到与答案有关的信息，或是其变体。所以，搜查信息在阅读中非常重要，它包括理解作者在叙述某事时使用的具体事实、数据、图表等细节信息。在一篇短文里大部分篇幅都属于这类围绕主体展开的细节。做这类题一般采用寻读法，即先读题，然后带着问题快速阅读短文，找出与问题有关的词语或句子，再对相关部分进行分析对比，找出答案。

二、解题思路与应试技巧

细节题是针对文中某个细节、某句话或某部分具体内容设置问题，正确答案的根据一定可以在原文中找到，即原文的改写往往成为正确选项。

1、直接信息题

对此类题型，考生可以首先从问题中找到关键词，然后以此为线索，运用略读及查阅的技巧在文中迅速寻找这一细节，找到后再把这一部分内容仔细阅读一遍，仔细比较所给选项与文中细节的细微区别，在准确理解细节的前提下，最后确定最佳答案。小题3根据文章第三段However，some of the more specific results are strange enough．For example….. ankle boots were more linked with “aggressive” personalities．可知穿及踝短靴的人更具有攻击性是出乎人们意料的，故选C. 小题4从文章第三段…..you may suffer from “attachment anxiety"，spending lots of time worrying about what other people think of your appearance．可知患有attachment anxiety的人们，会更担心他们的外表，故选B。

2、间接信息题

做这类题目时，考生需要对原文信息进行加工处理，然后再进行进一步的推理或鉴别，这是介于事实细节题和推理判断题之间的一种题型，对考生来说有一定难度。小题2从文章第二段researchers looked at pictures showing 208 different pairs of shoes worn by the study’s participants以及Volunteers in the study were photographed in their most commonly worn shoes可知参与调查的人们要求提供他们鞋子的照片，故选A。

3、数字计算题

数字计算题也是近几年高考中常考的内容，此类试题是在文章中直接表现出来细节事实，有的要经过具体的计算才能够得出正确的答案。具体的计算题可以是对年代的计算、月份的计算或比例的计算等。文章中经常会出现许多数字，它们对解题产生一定的影响。解答此类试题的方法是先来理解文章的大意，然后经过对比、分析、计算等就能够得出正确的答案。

4、排列顺序题

这种试题要求考生根据事件发生的先后顺序和句子之间的逻辑关系，找出事件发生的正确顺序。做这种题时可采用“首尾定位法”，即最先找出第一个事件和最后一个事件，迅速缩小选择范围，从而快速选出正确答案。

5、图表图画题

在有图表图画的阅读理解中，有的图表图画出现在阅读理解文章中，有的出现在选项中，这些图片的出现增加了试题的直观性，同时也暗含着和文章内容相关的信息。在解答此类试题的时候，一定要把握图表图画中所暗含的信息，特别是有些事实是通过图片来叙述的，我们可以采用按图寻找正确答案的方法。