Question

How can you find out what is going on inside a person’s body without opening the patient s body up? Regular X-rays can show a lot. CAT scans can show even more. They can give a complete view of body organs.

What is a CAT scan? CAT stands for a kind of machine. It is a special X-ray machine that gets a 360-degree picture of a small area of a patient’s body.

Doctors use X-rays to study and determine diseases and injuries within the body. X-rays can find a foreign object inside the body or take pictures of some inside organs to be X-rayed.

A CAT scanner，however，uses a group of X-rays to give a cross-sectional (横截面) view of a specific part of the body. A fine group of X-rays is scanned across the body and around the patient from many different directions. A computer studies the information from each direction and produces a clear cross-sectional picture on a screen. This picture is then photo-graphed for later use. Several cross sections, taken one after another，can give clear “photos” of the entire body or of any body organs. The latest CAT scanners can even give clear pictures of active，moving organs，just as a fast-action camera can “stop the action”，giving clear pictures of what appears unclear to the eye. And because of the 360-degree pictures, CAT scans show clear and complete views of organs in a manner that was once only shown during operation or examination of a dead patient.

Frequent appearance before X-rays can cause skin burns, cancer or other damage to the body. Yet CAT scans actually don’t cause the patient to more radiation than regular X-rays do. CAT scans can also be done without getting something harmful into the patient, so they are less risky than regular X-rays.

CAT scans provide exact, detailed information. They can quickly find such a thing as bleeding inside the brain. They are helping to save lives.

1.The underlined words “a foreign object” in Paragraph 3 most probably refer to      .

A. a badly injured part inside the body

B. a new thing that is unknown to the doctor

C. a strange cell that has grown in the body

D. a thing that gets inside the body by chance

2.What is the special use of the latest CAT scanners?

A. It can take pictures of inside organs.

B. It provides clear photos of moving organs.

C. It won’t cause serious skin bums, cancer or other damage to the body.

D. It helps to find out illness inside a person’s body without opening it up.

3.What can we infer from this text?

A. Patients in front of CAT may suffer a bit of radiation,

B. Doctors need no opening-up of the body with CAT scanners.

C. CAT scanners are more expensive than regular X-ray machines.

D. CAT scanners can take photos of either the whole body or a part of it.

4.What can be the best title of this text?

A. The newest medical invention

B. A special X-ray machine to save lives

C. How to avoid the damage from X-rays

D. Advantages and disadvantages of CAT scanners

Answer

1.D

2.B

3.A

4.B

【解析】本文主要介绍了CAT扫描技术。CAT扫描是一种特殊的X光扫描，但比X光更先进，它可以呈现人体内细小组织的立体影像。CAT扫描的原理是利用一组角度不同的X光扫描体内组织的各个横截面，电脑将这一组图片整合成更清晰准确的CAT图片。X光对人体有一定的伤害性，CAT也有相同强度的伤害性。

1.考察细节推断。根据后半句“take pictures of some inside organs（拍一些体外器官的照片）”可知，前半句的“a foreign object”应该是指进入了身体内的体外物体，故选D。

2.考察细节理解。由第一段可知，A和D的功能，X光也可以做到。C选项由第五段知，CAT和X光会对人体造成的同样强度的伤害，C错误。由第四段可知“The latest CAT scanners can even give clear pictures of active，moving organs（最新的CAT扫描甚至可以给有生命的移动中的器官拍摄清晰图片）”故选B。

3.考察全文理解。选项B在第一段已明确指出，不属于推断出的内容，故排除B。选项C和D中“CAT可以扫描全身”在文中未提及。选项A可由倒数第二段推断出，“Yet CAT scans actually don’t cause the patient to more radiation than regular X-rays do.（然而CAT扫描不会比常规X光扫描带来更多的辐射）”，据此推断出病人在进行CAT扫描时会遭到一点辐射，故选A。

4.考察全文理解。本文主要介绍了一种特别的X光扫描——CAT扫描，并着重说明了CAT扫描优于X光扫描的地方。另外最后一段讲CAT可以快速找到体内受伤处，从而挽救生命。因此应选B。

【名师点睛】阅读理解题型分为如下6种：1、细节理解2、猜测题义3、推理判断4、主旨大意5、观点态度6、篇章结构。细节理解考察对材料中某一特定细节或文章的主要事实的理解能力；新闻、说明文、 广告信息等常考查这些细节；例如对于第一篇的1、2、4题，都是对博物馆具体规定的细节进行考察。此类试题的答案一般可以在文章中直接或间接找到，但不可能与阅读材料一模一样，甚至有时会在题目的某些选项中故意用看上去跟原文一致的短句来迷惑考生。

在做推理判断类题目时，要注意以下几条：不选择照抄原文的选项，选择要有同义词替换的选项；不选事实细节选项，选择概括性的选项。常见的问题形式是：We can learn from… We can conclude that… The passage suggests/implies that …等。例如第三篇第一题，1. We can learn from what Daphne Steinberg said that A. she saved much more money than she had expected；B. it was the first time she had been to a clothes swap；C. the clothes swap was the largest ever in the area；D. she got some nice clothes at the clothes swap；而文中第三段可知，选项A（她自己以为的省下更多钱）和B（这是她第一次参加衣物交换）完全没有提及。而选项C是在第二段中被明确说明，无法从她说的话中看出来。选项D可以由她说的话推断出。