Question

Guide dogs enjoy their work very much, and they get a lot of satisfaction from a job well done, but there is no room for typical dog fun during the work day. Games, treats and praise distract the dog from helping its handler navigate (指引方向)  the course. Even when the handler doesn’t need assistance, a guide dog on the job is trained to ignore distractions and keep still. This is because a guide dog must be able to come to handler’s workplace or be in public places without creating a disturbance(干扰).

When you see a guide dog on the job, it is extremely important that you recognize that it is at work. Petting or talking to the dog spreads its concentration, which weakens the handler’s ability to get around in his or her surroundings. People are very impressed with guide dogs and so we have a natural inclination（倾向）to praise them, but the best thing you can do to help a guide dog is to leave it alone so that it can pay attention to its surroundings and maintain its focus on its handler. Guiding is very complicated, and it requires a dog’s undivided attention.

When a guide dog gets home at the end of the day, however, it will play and soak up praise just like an ordinary pet. Guide dogs make the difference between work and play based on their lead harness（牵狗用的皮带）：When the harness is on, they must stay completely focused---- when it comes off, it’s play time. Guide dogs work very hard every day, but they lead extremely happy lives, full of lots of attention and stimulation.

Working as a guide dog requires good physical and mental shape, so guide dogs typically retire just before they enter old age. Retirement is usually at age 8 or 10; but some work for a little longer, and some guide dogs retire earlier if they’re having trouble with the work.

1.What do you think is the typical job of a guide dog?

A. Help the policemen to search for the murderer.

B. Help the blind or weak-sighted people get around .

C. Help the doctor to save the injured people.

D. Help the owner to watch their house.

2.What does the writer want to tell the readers through the passage?

A. Guide dogs are so helpful that we should make friends with them.

B. Guide dogs are different from other dogs and they have some special talents.

C. Guide dogs’ life style and job situation.

D. Guide dogs’ trained way by their handlers.

3.What does the underlined word “distract” mean in the passage?

A. to stop the dog paying attention to what he is doing

B. to make the dog think very carefully about what he is doing

C. to interrupt the dog so that he cannot do the work well

D. to stop the dog from doing something

4.What should you do when meeting with a guide dog at its job?

A. Praise it.    B. Feed it.

C. Play with it.    D. Leave it alone.

Answer

distract ☞A项 to stop the dog paying attention to what he is doing。

【解析】试题分析：本文主要讲述了导盲犬在工作中和工作后的不同表现，以及导盲犬的条件等。

1.推理判断题。根据第一段第二句Games, treats and praise distract the dog from helping its handler navigate (指引方向) the course.以及第二段最后一句Guiding is very complicated, and it requires a dog’s undivided attention.可知，导盲犬的工作是帮助盲人或弱视的人指引方向。故选B。

2.写作目的题。文章主要讲述了导盲犬在工作中和工作后的不同表现，因此推断通过这篇文章作者想要告诉读者导盲犬的生活方式和工作状态。故选C。

3.词句猜测题。画线句上文提到游戏和表扬会分散导盲犬的注意力，阻止它指引方向，因此推断画线句句意是：甚至当训导员不需要帮助时，一只工作中的导盲犬也不应该分散注意力，要保持不动。所以画线词词义为：分散注意力与A项意义相近。故选A。

4.细节理解题。根据第二段倒数第二句“People are very impressed with guide dogs and so we have a natural inclination（倾向）to praise them, but the best thing you can do to help a guide dog is to leave it alone so that it can pay attention to its surroundings and maintain its focus on its handler.”可知，人们能做的最好的有助于导盲犬的事情是别管它，以便于它可以注意它周围的环境保持集中。故选D。

【名师点睛】

词义推断题可以是一个单词的意义推断，也可以是一个短语或句子的意义推断，既可以是生词意义，也可以是熟词新意；还可以是对替代词所替代内容的判断。在阅读理解题中，所考查的词或短语的意义往往不停留在字面上，要根据短文提供的语境，通过阅读上下文，根据已知的信息或常识来推测尚不熟悉的词或词组的含义。

词义猜测主要的解题策略有：语境猜测、语法猜词和常识猜词。语境既上下文，由于上下文中的生词不是孤立存在的，其词义与句中其它词的词义或具体的语境有着密切的联系。因此在阅读过程中，许多生词的词义可以充分利用上下文中相关的词汇，短语并结合具体的语境来推测。

小题3就属于猜测词义题。需要依据上下文语境来推测词义。

【答案定位】根据画线句上文Games, treats and praise distract the dog from helping its handler navigate (指引方向) the course.可知，游戏和表扬会分散导盲犬的注意力，阻止它指引方向。

【推理关系】题干What does the underlined word “distract” mean in the passage?☞文章内容Even when the handler doesn’t need assistance, a guide dog on the job is trained to ignore distractions and keep still. 甚至当训导员不需要帮助时，一只工作中的导盲犬也被驯练不能分散注意力，要保持不动。