Question

Nothing succeeds like success, as every parent of a straight-A student knows, but trying to highlight academic excellence by telling your child, "You're so smart," may be counterproductive（负效的）. Telling kids they're smart strengthens the idea that intelligence is a genetic gift rather than a skill that can be developed.

In a recent study, researchers at Michigan State University looked at 123 children who were about 7. The team assessed the children to determine whether they had a "growth mindset（思维模式）" (believing that you can work harder to get smarter), or a "fixed mindset"(believing that your intelligence is unable to change). They then asked the children to complete a fast-paced computer accuracy task while their brain activity was recorded. In the task, children played a game, helping a zookeeper capture escaped animals by pressing the space bar when an animal showed up in their screen—unless it was a group of three chimps. During the recording, researchers noted that brain activity spiked within a half-second after making a mistake, as children became aware of their error and paid closer attention to what went wrong. The larger the brain response, the more the children focused on the error.

Based on the data they collected, the researchers concluded that children with a "growth mindset" were much more likely to have a larger brain response after making a mistake, and in turn were more likely to improve their performance by paying closer attention to the task after making an error.

For parents, the lessons are clear: don't pay compliments(赞扬) that suggest that intelligence is fixed. If a child hands you an A+ test, don't say, "You're so smart!" Instead say, "Wow, that studying really paid off!" Note the effort, not the intelligence. Second, focus on using errors to work together and learn. "Many parents and teachers shy away from addressing a child's mistakes, telling them "It's OK. You'll get it next time." without giving them the opportunity to figure out what went wrong." Dr. Schroder says. Here are additional ways you can help enhance your child's education.

1.What can learn about children's mindset from the study?

A. Children are born with a fixed or growth mindset.

B. Children with a fixed mindset pay no attention to mistakes.

C. Children with a growth mindset are more likely to make progress.

D. Children with a growth mindset can catch more animals in the game.

2.Which of the following has the closest meaning with the underlined word in Paragraph 2?

A. started    B. stopped

C. paused    D. rose

3.What should parents say to children's performance according to the passage?

A. "You are so clever!" for excellence.

B. "It's not good enough." for excellence.

C. "You can benefit from it." for a mistake.

D. "It's OK. Forget about it." for a mistake.

4.What would be the best title for the passage?

A. Never Call Your Kid Smart

B. Always Be Strict with Your Kid

C. How to Communicate with Your Kid

D. How to Comment on Your Kid's Performance

Answer

1.C

2.D

3.C

4.A

【解析】本文主要通过一个判断孩子是“成长型思维模式”还是“固定型思维模式”的研究来说明：孩子的思维是可以成长的，而家长在对孩子的学习成就或是错误进行评论时，应该着重肯定他们的努力，而非智力。

1.细节理解题。根据第三段Based on the data they collected, the researchers concluded that children with a "growth mindset" were much more likely to have a larger brain response after making a mistake, and in turn were more likely to improve their performance by paying closer attention to the task after making an error.可知，具有成长型思维模式的孩子在犯错之后更可能会有较大的大脑反应，这使得他们会更加将注意力放在任务上，从而表现得更好。故选C。

2.词义猜测题。A. started开始；B. stopped停止；C. paused暂停；D. rose上升。During the recording, researchers noted that brain activity spiked within a half-second after making a mistake, as children became aware of their error and paid closer attention to what went wrong.可知，孩子们在意识到错误后会更加关注任务，所以前文应该是说意识到错误后大脑活动上升，因为孩子们正更加关注任务。故选D。

3.推理判断题。根据文中的第二点建议＂Second, focus on using errors to work together and learn.＂可知，在孩子犯错时，家长应该引导孩子从错误中学习。故选C。

4.主旨大意题。全文通过一个实验表明家长应如何对孩子做出评价，并着重强调应该重视孩子的努力，而不是评价他们的智力。基于这个主题来比较四个选项，只有A项符合题意。故选A。