Question

Lakshmi grew up in India in the first half of the twentieth century, seeing many people around her who did not get enough food, were often sick and died young.

In the 1960s, was asked to help manage a program to improve nutrition in her country. At that time, most advice on nutrition came from North American and European countries. Nutritionists suggested foods that were common and worked well for people who lived in these nations.

For example, they told poor Indian women to eat more meal and eggs and drink more orange juice. But Lakshmi knew this advice was useless in a country like India. People there didn’t eat such foods. They weren’t easy to find. And for the poor, such foods were too expensive.

Lakshmi knew that for the program to work, it had to fit Indian culture. So she decided to adjust the nutrition program. She first found out what healthy middle-class people in India ate. She took note of the nutrients (营养物）available in those foods. Then she looked for cheap, easy-to-find foods that would provide the same nutrients.

She created a balanced diet of locally grown fruits, vegetables, and grains. These foods were cheap and could be cooked with simple equipment. Her ideas were thought unusual in the 1960s. For example, she insisted that a diet without meal could provide all major nutrients. Now we know she was right. But it took her continuous efforts to get others to finally accept her diet about 50 years ago. Because of Lakshmi’s program, Indian children almost doubled their food intake. And many children who would have been hungry and ill grew healthy and strong.

1.Why did Lakshmi think European nutritionists’ advice was useless?

A. It worked well for European people.

B. It suggested too many foods for Indians.

C. It was not practical in India at that time.

D. It included foods that didn’t exist in India.

2.Lakshmi studied healthy middle-class people’s diet in order to       .

A. know about their eating habits    B. learn about Indian culture

C. find out nutrients in their food    D. write a report on food nutrients

3.Lakshmi’s balanced diet was considered unusual because people thought       .

A. those foods were too cheap    B. it should include some meat

C. it provided all major nutrients    D. it enabled kids to grow healthy

4.What can we infer about Lakshmi?

A. She came from a rich family.

B. She disliked middle-class people.

C. She worked with European nutritionists.

D. She was a determined scientist.

Answer

1.C

2.C

3.B

4.D

【解析】文章介绍了印度科学家Lakshmi多年不懈努力研究适合印度人的平衡饮食的故事。

1.C

推理判断题。根据第三段For example, they told poor Indian women to eat more meal and eggs and drink more orange juice. But Lakshmi knew this advice was useless in a country like India. People there didn’t eat such foods. They weren’t easy to find. And for the poor, such foods were too expensive.可知当时欧美国家的营养学家们建议印度妇女吃的食物在印度当时的贫困经济情况下是不可能的，这些食物不容易找到且价格昂贵。所以Lakshmi认为这些建议没用，故选C.

2.C

细节推理题。根据第四段So she decided to adjust the nutrition program. She first found out what healthy middle-class people in India ate. She took note of the nutrients (营养物）available in those foods.可知Lakshmi研究印度中层社会人们的饮食是想从这些食物中找到营养物，创造适合印度人的饮食，故选C.

3.B

细节推理题。根据最后一段Her ideas were thought unusual in the 1960s. For example, she insisted that a diet without meal could provide all major nutrients. Now we know she was right.可知她提出无肉的饮食能提供所有主要的营养，与当时人们的想法不同，故选B.

4.D

推理判断题。根据最后一段But it took her continuous efforts to get others to finally accept her diet about 50 years ago. Because of Lakshmi’s program, Indian children almost doubled their food intake. And many children who would have been hungry and ill grew healthy and strong.可知Lakshmi通过50年的不断努力，人们才接受了她的营养观点。这说明她是一个有决心的坚持不懈的科学家，故选D.

【名师点睛】

推理判断题的常见考查形式及解题方法：

推理判断题要求在理解表面文字的基础上，做出判断和推论，从而得到文章的隐含的意思和深层的意思，也就是通过文章中的文字信息，上下逻辑关系及事物的发展变化等已知的信息，推断出作者没有直接表达的态度和观点。

本文主要涉及推测文章的观点或结论。如小题1要求判断为什么Lakshmi认为欧美营养学家的建议没用，根据第三段For example, they told poor Indian women to eat more meal and eggs and drink more orange juice. But Lakshmi knew this advice was useless in a country like India. People there didn’t eat such foods. They weren’t easy to find. And for the poor, such foods were too expensive.可知当时欧美国家的营养学家们建议印度妇女吃的食物在印度当时的贫困经济情况下是不可能的，这些食物不容易找到且价格昂贵。所以Lakshmi认为这些建议没用。小题4要求推断Lakshmi的性格，根据最后一段But it took her continuous efforts to get others to finally accept her diet about 50 years ago. Because of Lakshmi’s program, Indian children almost doubled their food intake. And many children who would have been hungry and ill grew healthy and strong.可知Lakshmi通过50年的不断努力，人们才接受了她的营养观点。这说明她是一个有决心的坚持不懈的科学家。