Question

When TV news programs report wars or disasters, the editors rarely use the most horrifying pictures of dead or wounded victims because they don’t want to upset their viewers. Even so, viewers are usually warned in advance that they “may find some of these disturbing” so they can look away if they choose. But the men and women whose jobs are to record those scenes--the TV cameramen—have no such choice. It is their duty to witness the horrors of the war and record them, no matter how horrifying and unpleasant they may be. Consequently, it is one of the most dangerous, exposed and emotionally taxing job that the world offers.

Today, the demand for their work is rising. The explosion of satellite broadcasting and 24 hour news in recent years have created an almost insatiable(无法满足的)demand for TV information. But major broadcasters and the TV news agencies--such as Reuters and WTN---have never had enough staff to meet the world wide demand for up-to-date pictures, so increasingly they turn to “Freelance” TV cameramen.

These freelance cameramen are independent operators tied to no particular organization. They will work for any company which hires them for just a few hours or for several weeks in a war zone. But if a freelance cameraman is injured in the course of the job, the TV company is not responsible for him. The freelancer must survive on his own.

“TV will always need hard, vivid moving pictures which are fresh, but these companies feel uncomfortable with large numbers of employees on their books,” explains Nik Growing, once foreign editor for Britain’s Channel 4 News and now a BBC news presenter.

“By hiring freelancers, they can buy in the skills they need only when they need them. It also enables them to contract out the risk,” he says.

1.The underlined word “taxing” in Para 1 most probably means_________.

A. demanding    B. striking

C. satisfying    D. encouraging

2.TV news agencies turn to freelance cameramen in order to _______.

A. save expenses and avoid risk

B. get first hand information and pictures

C. look for pictures that are of fine qualities

D. buy the horrifying pictures they need

3.From the passage we can know that _______.

A. TV cameramen should be given better choice of work

B. TV cameramen are being challenged by the freelancers

C. TV cameramen have to witness disasters and killing whether they like them or not

D. TV cameramen have to contract out the risks for their companies

4.The author of the passage shows his _______ the freelance cameramen.

A. respect for    B. sympathy to

C. ignorance of    D. admiration to

Answer

1.A

2.B

3.C

4.B

【解析】本文介绍了在战争的地方需要有摄像师和记者来记录发生的一切，然而很多机构这样的人紧缺，他们就求助于自由职业者。

1.词义猜测题。根据本段介绍那些报道战争或者灾难的新闻工作者，他们有义务去见证那些可怕的场面，亲身经历一些不快的事情，所以最后总结这是世界上最危险、最暴露、精神最负重的工作之一。根据上文提到这种场景会让人感到不安，可是新闻工作者却要面对这些，所以心理承受相当大。taxing繁重的，费力的。A项“要求高的，吃力的”；B项“惊人的”；C项“令人满意的”；D项“鼓励的”。故选A.

2.细节理解题。根据第二段后三行“But major broadcaster sand the TV news agencies（部）, such as Reuters and WTN, have never had enough staff（人员）to meet the worldwide demand for up-to-date pictures, so increasingly they turn to freelance（自由职业的）TV cameramen.”说明他们正是为了得到最新的图片，所以才求助与自由职业者。故选B.

3.细节理解题。根据第一段中的“ But the men and women whose jobs are to record those scenes--the TV cameramen—have no such choice. It is their duty to witness the horrors of the war and record them, no matter how horrifying and unpleasant they may be.”可知，无论多么的恐怖和不快，那些新闻工作者有责任见证这些恐怖，记录下来。故选C.

4.观点态度题。根据文章第一段最后3行“It is their duty to witness the horrors of the world and record them, no matter how unpleasant they may be. As a result, it is one of the most dangerous, exposed and emotionally taxing jobs the world has to offer.”都说明战地记者是非常危险的职业，可知作者对他们是同情的。故选B.

【名师点睛】

文章细节的理解可以细化为：（1）一一对应型。答案与题目在表达形式和意义上直接吻合，一一对应，一目了然。属于浅层次的阅读试题，分数比例较少。（2）语言转述型。这是一类间接事实细节题，答案与题目在意义上从分运用了词义之间的转述关系，即正确选项是原文有关词语和句子的另类表达。属于中档难度题，分数比例较大。（3）语意理解型。这是一类深层事实细节理解题，答案与题目之间存在着一定的逻辑联系，这种联系需要建立在事实的基础上通过上、下文来进行判断、分析、归纳和整合，才能得出正确答案。属于较高难度的事实细节题。（4）是非辨别型。这是一类综合事实细节题，出题形式常常是“三正一误”(三项正确，只有一项不符合原文内容)或“三误一正”（三项错误，只有一项符合原文内容)。（5）事实排序型。这是一类运用多项事实进行排序的事实细节题，要求根据动作发生的先后顺序、时间顺序或者句子之间的逻辑关系，找出时间发生，发展的正确顺序。

A. 细节理解题主要设问的方式有：

（1）Which of the following statements is True (Not True)?
（2）Which of the questions has not been mentioned (or discussed) in the passage?

（3）What is the reason that …?

（4）What do we know about…?

（5）How did the people know …?

（6）Why was … so important to …?

B. 细节理解题主要的答题策略有：

（1）细心审题，直接就题找答案。解答此类试题时，不必通篇细看原文，而应采取“带着问题找答案”的方法，先从问题中抓住关键性词语（题眼），然后以此为线索，运用略读及查读的技巧快速在文章中寻找与此问题相关的：段落、语句，仔细品味，对照比较，确定答案。

（2）变通理解，间接转述找答案。细节理解题通常采用词语和句型转换的形式来取代原文中的表述，命题者在出这类题时惯用“偷梁换柱、张冠李戴”的手法来迷惑考生，即对原句细微处做改动，截取原文词语或结构进行改造，因果倒置，把A的观点说成B的观点等。所以正确理解题干和信息句的意义是关键。

（3）多点归纳，综合事实找答案。细节理解题有时考查的并不是单一的信息，而是多处信息的整合。解答此类“综合”信息细节题时，一定要全面捕捉相关信息，进行综合分析、归纳，切忌根据“一面之词”草率地作出结论。

如小题2，根据第二段后三行“But major broadcaster sand the TV news agencies（部）, such as Reuters and WTN, have never had enough staff（人员）to meet the worldwide demand for up-to-date pictures, so increasingly they turn to freelance（自由职业的）TV cameramen.”找到了关键词“meet the worldwide demand for up-to-date pictures”，说明他们正是为了得到最新的图片，所以才求助与自由职业者。选项B中关键词“first hand”和原文中的“up-to-date”意思相似，只是转化了说法，得到答案。