Question

Randy Kraus was paralyzed（瘫痪的）.His left side was useless.He'd been a police officer before,and he could do strong and able.Now,he felt he could do nothing.

His trouble started with Parkinson's disease,but it didn't end there.In July,2002,the 60-year-old Kraus went into the hospital for an operation on his brain to control the shaking.But he had a stroke（中风）.He was paralyzed.The doctors said,“You may never walk again and you might not even be able to talk.”

Kraus found that he couldn't lift a fork or take a drink by himself.Physical treatment was so painful and slow. What did he have to live for?So Kraus held the gun against his head.Feeling the cold metal on his skin,he began to consider the pain he would cause for his wife,daughters and grandchildren.He didn't pull the trigger（扳机）.

Andrew Garud,his exercise physiologist（生理学家）,told him,“You are where you are.The pace would be slow; the pain would be real.But as long as you are alive,you have the ability to get better.

After three months of working with Garud,Kraus wanted to see if he could stand.He could.Then he took three steps,sat down and cried like a baby.

One step,as they say,led to another.Next he managed a short walk along the edge of a boxing ring（拳击台）in the health club.It was the hardest fight of Kraus's life.People at the gym cheered him on.Garud kept saying he could do more.Now,Kraus can brush his teeth,shave himself,and get around the house with a walker.Only the paralyzed can fully understand little triumphs.

1.According to the fourth paragraph,what did Andrew Garud mean?

A. Everyone in the world has the right to be alive.

B. It's necessary for people to do exercise to keep healthy.

C. One should try to lead a better life.

D. As long as a person is alive,he will have a chance to be better.

2.What does the underlined word “triumphs” in the last paragraph mean?

A. Difficulties.    B. Successes.

C. Disappointments.    D. Reputations.

3.What personality does Kraus probably have?

A. Optimism.    B. Strong mindedness.

C. Sympathy.    D. Generosity.

4.According to the passage,we can learn that______.

A. the stroke during the operation on his brain led to Kraus' paralysis

B. Kraus' operation in 2002 was performed by Andrew Garud

C. doing exercises can help cure Parkinson's disease

D. Kraus will lead a normal life as a healthy person in the future

Answer

1.D

2.B

3.B

4.A

【解析】这篇短文介绍Randy Kraus患了帕金森症，在手术中中风而瘫痪，一度绝望，在Andrew Garud的帮助下能够站起来，能够做一些自理简单的事情。

1.推理判断题。根据第四段内容，尤其是最后一句可知，Andrew Garud认为：人只要活着，就有可能改变现状。故选D.

2.词义猜测题。根据Randy Kraus从瘫痪到能够自理取得了很大进步，只有瘫痪的人们才能够理解这种胜利。triumphs胜利，difficulties困难；successes成功；disappointments失望；reputations名声。故选B.

3.推理判断题。通读全文可知，Kraus虽然瘫痪了，但是在别人的帮助下重新振作起来，客服肉体和精神上的双重痛苦，学会走路以及日常的生活技巧，所以他是个意志坚强的人。故选B.

4.细节理解题。根据第一、二段可知，Kraus在接受帕金森症的手术时中风了，导致瘫痪。故选A.

【名师点睛】

推理判断试题属于高层次阅读理解题。这种题型包括判断题和推理题。这两类题常常相互依存，推理是为了得出正确的判断，正确的判断又依赖于合乎逻辑的推理。做好该题型要从整体上把握语篇内容，在语篇的表面意义与隐含意义、已知信息与未知信息间架起桥梁，透过字里行间，去体会作者的“弦外之音”。推理判断题常常可以分为如下几类：（1）细节推断。如时间、地点、人物关系等；（2）逻辑推断。根据已知的结果推断导致结果产生的可能原因；（3）目的、意图、态度推断。根据文章的论述，推断作者的写作目的以及作者情感态度；（4）预测想象推断。文章没有明确说明，要求根据语篇对文章可能涉及的内容进行预测判断。

A推理判断主要的设题方式有：

（1）It can be inferred from the passage (or the last paragraph) that…

（2）It can be learned from the passage (or the last paragraph) that…

（3）It can be concluded from the passage (or the last paragraph) that…

（4）It implies that…

（5）Where would you most probably find this passage?

（6）What would the author most likely continue to talk about in the next paragraph(s)?

B推理判断主要的解题策略有：

（1）根据不同文体，推断目的意图。不同的文章可能有不同的写作目的, 通常作者的写作目的有以下三种：1) to entertain readers（娱乐读者，让人发笑），常见于故事类的文章。2) to persuade readers（说服读者接受某种观点）常见于广告类的文章。3) to inform readers（告知读者某些信息）多见于科普类﹑新闻报道类﹑文化类或社会类的文章。高考阅读试题设计到各类文章，而以议论文为主，文章的主题句、核心句往往会直接或间接地表明作者的态度立场；阅读理解中也有说明文、描述文。前者因为其体裁的客观性，所以作者的态度也往往采取中立。而后者因为其文章观点往往不直接提出，而且作者写作时也常带有某种倾向性，所以，阅读时要善于根据文章的文体来学会推断作者的情感态度和目的。

（2）根据用词风格，推断情感态度。一篇好的文章，其用词风格常常直接流露或蕴含作者的内心世界和情感态度。所以阅读时要善于捕捉表达或暗示情感态度的词句或短语，捕捉那些烘托气氛，渲染情感的词句，进而很好地洞察作者的思想倾向，是支持、反对抑或中立？对于选项而言，要分清选项中的褒义词、中性词和贬义词，以此对照全文。如：1）表示褒义的词语：positive赞成的，supporting支持的，praising赞扬的，optimistic乐观的，admiring羡慕的，enthusiastic热情的等；2）表示中性的词语：uninterested无兴趣的，不感兴趣的； neutral中立的；impersonal不带个人感情的；subjective主观的；objective客观的等；3）表示贬义的词语：disgusted感到恶心的，厌恶的；critical批评的；negative 否定的，反对的；suspicious怀疑的；tolerant容忍的，忍让的；worried 担忧的等。

（3）根据写作思路，推断段落发展。不同的文体，写作思路和写作手法也不尽相同。做题时，要善于体会作者的写作思路，揣摩作者的谋篇布局，从宏观上左右文章的结构框架；同时，还要把握作者行文时所运用的修辞手段，如对比、举例、下定义等。通过梳理写作思路，明晰写作手法，即可对文章的发展作出比较科学合理的推断和预测。

（4）根据事实细节，推断合理信息。推理题要求在理解原文表面文字信息的基础上，作出一定判断和推论，从而得到文章的隐含意义和深层意义。推理题所涉及的内容可能是文中某一句话，也可是某几句话，但做题的指导思想都是以文字信息为依据，既不能做出在原文中找不到文字根据的推理，也不能根据表面文字信息做多步推理。也就是说，要做到判断有据, 推论有理, 忠实原文。切忌用自己的观点代替作者的本意，切忌片面思考，得出片面结论。

如小题3，虽然文中并没有明确的表示Kraus是个什么样的人，但是通读全文可知，Kraus虽然瘫痪了，但是在别人的帮助下重新振作起来，客服肉体和精神上的双重痛苦，学会走路以及日常的生活技巧，所以可以得出他是个意志坚强的人。