The weather is getting hotter and you’ll be getting thirstier playing basketball or riding home from school. A cold drink may be just the thing. But be careful what you pour down your throat. Something that looks cool may not be good for your health.
There are plenty of so-called energy drinks on the market. Most of them have an attractive colour and cool name. Their nutrition list also contains various things from vitamins to ginseng. Sounds great!
But after a careful check you may find that most energy drinks contain high levels of caffeine. These drinks are typically aimed at young people, students, busy people and sports players.
Makers sometimes say their drinks make you better at sports and can keep you awake. But be careful not to drink too much.
Caffeine raises your heartbeat. Because of this, the International Olympic Committee has limited their use. The amount of caffeine in most energy drinks is at least as high as in a strong cup of coffee or strong tea.
Research by Australian scientists has found that many teenagers are affected by caffeine. The results of their survey show that 27 percent of boys aged 8-12 take in more caffeine than their parents.
There are potential health risks linked to energy drinks. Just one can of energy drink can make you nervous, have difficulty sleeping and can even cause heart attacks.
Teenagers should be discouraged from consuming drinks with a lot of caffeine in them, an expert from the Australia Nutrition Foundation said.
1.Generally, people would like to ________.
A. take vitamins B. eat ginseng C. have a cold drink D. have a meal
2.The International Olympic Committee limit the use of caffeine because ________.
A. it makes you better at sports B. it can keep you awake
C. it can make you nervous D. it make your heart beat fast
3.The writer mentions the fact that “27 percent of boys aged 8-12 take in more caffeine than their parents” to show that ________.
A. caffeine has an effect on many teenagers
B. parents should take in more caffeine
C. the caffeine problem is not serious
D. the grownups take less caffeine than children
Tchaikovsky, a famous Russian composer of the late-Romantic period, was born on 7 May 1840 in the mountains of western Russia. He was the first Russian composer whose music made a lasting impression internationally. Tchaikovsky’s training set him on a path to combine what he had learned with the native musical practices to which he had been exposed from childhood. He first helped write a song in 1844, at an age when most children are still in kindergarten. At home, his mother sang folk songs, which helped develop his interest in music. Mozart was Tchaikovsky’s favourite composer and he influenced Tchaikovsky’s life and work. For 11 years, beginning in 1866, Tchaikovsky taught at the Moscow School of Music. During his time there, he wrote music for the piano, along with ballets, operas and symphonies. He was famous for writing the music for the ballet Swan Lake in 1876. Because of his musical talent, Tchaikovsky toured many countries as a conductor, including a voyage to the USA in 1891. He continued to write for the ballet until his death in Saint Petersburg in 1893.
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Our series The Genius Behind will take you inside the minds of people who are making the impossible possible. Whether it is designing the fastest ever land vehicle, helping the blind to see or creating space history, success relies levels of knowledge to new heights . What can we learn about genius from minds? Based on the people and the projects outlined in the series, we’ve come up with five lessons.
Lesson one: New challenges require new ways of thinking
Bloodhound SSC aims to be the first vehicle to break the 1,000 mph barrier. One of the key challenge has been to design the wheels. Thinking twice, Mark Chapman, chief engineer decided to change the way they were trying to solve problems and came up with a wheel design, part car, part jet fighter and part spaceship, which would hold together and was strong enough.
Lesson two: Let evidence share your opinion
Geophysicists widely believed that water on Earth originated from comets. But by studying rocks, Steven Jacobsen discovered water hidden inside, suggesting that the oceans gradually made its way out of the planet’s interior many centuries ago. “Unfortunately, I had a pretty hard time convincing others,” he admits. Only time can tell whether the new theories are true.
Lesson three: It really is 99% efforts
Sheila Nirenberg at Cornell University is trying to develop a new prosthetic device(假肢器官)for treating blindness. “Sometimes I’m exhausted and I get burnt out,” she adds. “But then I get an email from somebody saying that they can’t see their own children’s faces, and it is like, ‘How can I possibly complain? Once I thought of this, I couldn’t eat, I couldn’t sleep—all I wanted to do was work’. It gives me the energy to just go back and keep doing it.”
Lesson four: The answer isn’t always what you expect
Sylvia Earle has spent decades trying to see the ocean with new eyes. Her “dream machine” is a submarine that could take scientists all the way to the bottom of the deepest ocean floor what sort of material could best withstand the types of pressure y would encounter thousands of miles below the ocean surface?” It could be steel, it could be titanium, it could be some sort of ceramic, or some kind of aluminium system,” says Earle. “But glass is the best choice.”
Lesson five: A little luck goes a long way
It was considered as one of the biggest success stories in the history of space exploration—20 years of planning ended earlier this year with the Philae lander landing safely Comet 67P over 300 million miles(480 million kilometers)away from Earth, though Philae’s anchoring harpoons(锚定鱼叉)didn’t fire as planned.
As a matter of fact, genius is difficult to define. “Genius is a funny word,” says Nirenberg. “I just sort of ignore it and just go on with life. You just do what you do regardless of whatever label’s attached to you. I don’t know really how else to explain it.
Title: Give lessons to be a Genius | |
Passage outlines | Supporting details |
Introduction | Our series The Genius Behind will bring you to get close to the real genius and learn lessons from their 1. |
Five lessons 2.genius | ●New ways of thinking for new challenges To be the first vehicle to break the 1,000 mph barrier, Bloodhound SSC adopted the technologies3.to car, jet fighter and spaceship. ●Evidence of shaping your opinion It was a common 4.that water on Earth originated from comets, so it was hard for Steven Jacobsen to5.other geophysicists of his new discovery. ●6.of hard work Although exhausted, I would feel 7. to work on the new prosthetic device on hearing from the blind saying that they can’t see their own children’s face. ●The unexpected answer 8.in the ocean, glass is the only best choice to make a submarine that could take scientists all the way to the bottom. ●A little luck for a long way Philae lander was based on 20 years of planning, with Comet 67P safely 9.with a small accident. |
Conclusion | In fact, there’s no10.definition of Genius. Views on genius differ from one another, so you just do what you do regardless of whatever label’s attached to you. |
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in tune let out touch on subscribe to for good measure
1.He started __________ the window but I grabbed the door and opened it.
2.The volunteers have distributed 50g of rice to each refugee in the flooded area and an extra spoonful _________.
3.His father bought Harry a new bike as a surprising birthday gift, so Harry could hardly wait to____________ it___________.
4.To tell the truth, I have never ___________ the belief that people are basically good.
5.His mother _____________his thick coat, he put it on and went on a long journey.
6.The young are really __________with the community and they do a lot of services in it.
7.He seemed to _____preserving his independence and his right to favor the weekly winner.
8.Secretary General of the UN said that in North Korea he __________a plan to seek the goal of a world without nuclear weapons in the near future.
9.So much for the introductory party which _________aspects of the materials that we’ll keep returning to.
10.‘Get well prepared for the topic’, the teacher said, ‘Next week you are required to ____________into discussion groups to report.’
I’m Mr. Lockwood and have been to see my landlord Mr. Heathcliff today. He was standing at the gate to his farm when I arrived. His black eyes looked at me suspiciously.
The name of Mr. Heathcliff’s house is Wuthering Heights. ‘Wuthering’ means ‘stormy’ or ‘windy’ in the local language and it describes the place well. The house stands on the top of a hill. On one side of it there are a few trees. They all lean in the same direction, blown by the strong north winds.
Then we went into the sitting room. The floor was made of smooth, white stone. There was a big fireplace at one end of it and a large dresser at the other end. Several large hunting dogs were lying in the dark corners of the room. I sat down in one of the chairs near the fire. But unfortunately, when Mr. Heathcliff was out for his servant, Joseph, I was attacked by his hunting dogs.
To my surprise, I enjoyed our conversation very much, though. When it was time for me to leave, I said, ‘I’ll come and see you again tomorrow’. I set out after lunch the following day. But Mr. Heathcliff wasn’t in, and a young man led me to the sitting room. His manner was proud and free, so I couldn’t decide if he was a servant or not. He was dressed like one and spoke like one.
A few minutes later, Heathcliff walked in. We all drank our tea in silence and there was a very tense atmosphere in the room. I thought it was my fault so I tried to be sociable.
‘This is a beautiful part of the country,’ I said, ‘but very isolated. However, you seem very happy here, with your wife and family…’
‘My wife!’ Heathcliff exclaimed looking around him. ‘Where? Are you talking about her spirit?’
How stupid of me! Of course the girl wasn’t his wife! She was much too young for him. She must be married to the young man.
‘Mrs. Heathcliff is my daughter-in-law’, said Heathcliff, reading my thoughts. There was hatred on his face as he spoke.
‘Ah, yes,’ I said. ‘You are very lucky to have such a lovely wife, young man.’
The youth went red and looked down at his plate.
‘I said she was my daughter-in-law, sir. She was married to my son,’ said Heathcliff.
‘And this young man is…’
‘Not my son.’
‘My name is Hareton Earnshaw,’ growled the youth angrily.
The atmosphere began to depress me. After a long silence I asked, ‘Perhaps one of your servants is free now to take me home?’
‘There’s only Heathcliff, Hareton, Zillah the housekeeper, Joseph and me here’, said the girl.
‘Then I suppose I’ll have to stay until the morning.’ I replied
That night, I was arranged in a house where the master didn’t usually allow people to stay. I closed the door and got into bed. I put my candle on a small shelf next to a pile of old books. To my surprise, I saw that the shelf was covered in writing. These names were scratched in the paint: Catherine Earnshaw, Catherine Heathcliff and Catherine Linton.
I picked up one of the books on the shelf. It was a diary. On the first page I read, ‘Catherine Earnshaw, her book’, and a date of twenty-five years ago. Curious to know more about this Catherine, I started to read. I understand the following: Catherine Earnshaw’s father was dead and she lived with her cruel older brother Hindley. Catherine and Heathcliff were close friends, but Hindley and his young wife Frances heated and abused the adopted Heathcliff.
I had terrible dreams that night. There was a lot of noise-rapping and tapping sounds. I woke up. The branch of a tree outside was hitting the glass in the window. I got up, pushed my hand through the glass and pout out my arm. But instead of the branch my fingers closed on a little ice-cold hand. The hand held mine tightly and a sad voice sobbed, ‘Let me in!’
‘Who are you?’ I said.
‘Catherine Linton’ it replied. ‘I’ve come home. I lost my way on the moor! Let me in!”
1.All of the following descriptions of Mr. Heathcliff’s house are true EXCEPT “_____”.
A. It was built on the top of a hill
B. It was named after the local climate
C. On the hill grow a few trees leaning north
D. The floor of the living room was made of stone
2.The underlined sentence ‘He was dressed like one and spoke like one’ in paragraph four means _____.
A. he was well-dressed but poorly-behaved
B. he was poorly-dressed but well-behaved
C. what he said does much what he did
D. what he wore does match what he said
3.Who is the housekeeper among the following characters?
A. Heathclliff. B. Joseph.
C. Hareton. D. Zillah.
4.From the conversation between Mr. Lockwood and Mr. Heathcliff, we can infer______.
A. Mr. Heachcliff is a sociable person
B. Mr. Heathcliff’s son had been dead for years
C. Mr. Heathcliff’s wife had been dead for years
D. Mr. Heathcliff liked his daughter-in-law very much
5.According to the last four paragraphs, what can we learn about Catherine?
A. Catherine Heathcliff was Heathcliff’s elder sister.
B. Catherine Earnshaw owned the room ten years ago.
C. Catherine Linton used to live in the room long before.
D. Catherine Earnshaw wasn’t interested in writing diaries.
6.Which of the following can be served as the best title of the passage?
A. A narrow escape B. An unfriendly visit
C. An unpleasant experience D. An unforgettable banquet
More people are dying from hepatitis(肝炎) than AIDS and tuberculosis, warns World Health Organization. The World Health Organization(WHO) has urged for action to wipe out hepatitis as ongoing illness worsens.
In its first global report on the infection, it said the number of people dying from treatable forms of the disease, often caused by alcohol and drug abuse, is rising. Viral hepatitis is believed to have killed 1.34 million people in 2015, and amount similar to that of tuberculosis.
But while those are both falling, hepatitis deaths are on the rise—increasing by 22 per cent since the turn of the century.
However, most of the 325 million people infected are completely unaware they have the virus and some lack life-saving medicines. As a result, millions of people are at risk of a slow progression to chronic liver disease, cancer and even death, the WHO warned, Margaret Chan, director general of the WHO, said: “Viral hepatitis is now a major public health challenge that requires an urgent response.”
The two most common forms, which are responsible for 96 per cent of deaths from the disease, are hepatitis B(HBV) and hepatitis C (HCV)
HBV can be passed on through unprotected sex and bodily fluids(液体). It requires life-long treatment with a drug commonly used to battle HIV. New infections of this type of the disease are falling, thanks to a vaccine given to 84 per cent of newborns across the world. However, just nine per cent of sufferers know they are infected, meaning many go under the radar and miss out on treatment.
HCV, usually spread through blood-to-blood contact with an infected person, can be cured relatively swiftly, but many patients across the world are unable to afford the medication. Around 1.75 million people were newly infected with HCV in 2015, bringing the global total to 71 million, figures suggests. But four fifths of those infected with this type of the disease are unaware they are suffering, the WHO warned.
Experts looking at the cases have identified unsafe healthcare procedure and injection drug use as the top causes. Gottfried Hirnschall, director of WHO’s Department of HIV and the Global Hepatitis Programme, said the WHO was working with governments, drugmakers and diagnostics companies to improve access.
He added: More countries are making hepatitis services available for people in need—a diagnostic test cost less than $1 (78p) and the cure for hepatitis C can be below $ 200 (￡156). But the data clearly highlight the urgency with which we must address the remaining gaps in testing and treatment.
Charles Gore, president of the World Hepatitis Alliance, said: “For the first time in the history of viral hepatitis, we have an understanding of the true impact of the disease.”
1.Who are likely to die from the treatable hepatitis?
A. Those taking medicines. B. Those suffering from cancer.
C. Those caring their illnesses. D. Those being heavy drinkers.
2.What can we learn about hepatitis B?
A. Patients need to take drugs for the rest of their lives.
B. People will not get the new infections due to a vaccine.
C. Patients can be cured effectively at a costly price.
D. People will get infected through blood accidentally.
3.According to the statistics in 2015, which of the following statements is TRUE?
A. Hepatitis C is responsible for 96 per cent of deaths.
B. Around 1.75 million people were newly infected with hepatitis.
C. Most of those infected with HCV are aware they are suffering.
D. Tuberculosis is believed to have killed more than 1 million people.
4.The main purpose of writing the passage is _____.
A. to call on the public to fight with hepatitis
B. to request the public to care about the hepatitis patients
C. to warn the public to learn of the danger of the disease
D. to persuade the public to take regular examinations yearly
