It is important to protect yourself from harmful rays. But if you think a high-factor sunscreen keeps you safe from harmful rays, you may be wrong. Research in this week’s Nature shows that while factor 50 reduces the number of melanomas（黑瘤）and delays their occurrence, it can’t prevent them. Melanomas are the most aggressive skin cancers. You have a higher risk if you have red or blond hair, fair skin, blue or green eyes, or sunburn easily, or if a close relative has had one. Melanomas are more common if you have periodic intense exposure to the sun. Other skin cancers are increasingly likely with long-term exposure.
There is continuing debate as to how effective sunscreen is in reducing melanomas – the evidence is weaker than it is for preventing other types of skin cancer. A 2011 Australian study of 1,621 people found that people randomly selected to apply sunscreen daily had half the rate of melanomas of people who used cream as needed. A second study, comparing 1,167 people with melanomas to 1.101 who didn’t have the cancer, found that using sunscreen routinely, alongside other protection such as hats, long sleeves or staying in the shade, did give some protection. This study said other forms of sun protection – no sunscreen – seemed most beneficial. The study relied on people remembering what they had done over each decade of their lives, so it’s not entirely reliable. But it seems reasonable to think sunscreen gives people a false sense of security in the sun.
Many people also don’t use sunscreen properly applying insufficient amounts, failing to reapply after a couple of hours and staying in the sun too long. It is sunburn that is most worrying – recent research shows five episodes of sunburn in the teenage years increases the risk of all skin cancers.
The good news is that a combination of sunscreen and covering up can reduce melanoma rates, as shown by Australian figures from their slip-slop-slap campaign. So if there is a heat wave this summer, it would be best for us, too, to slip on a shirt, use sunscreen and slap on a hat.
1.What’s people’s common expectation of high-factor sunscreen?
A. It will protect them from sunburn.
B. It will keep their skin smooth ad fair.
C. It will work for people of any skin color.
D. It will delay the occurrence of skin cancer.
2.What can we learn from the second paragraph?
A. Sunscreen can prevent all kinds of skin cancers.
B. The studies are based on direct observation of the subjects.
C. The studies may help people select the most effective sunscreen.
D. Daily application of sunscreen helps reduce the incidence of melanomas.
3.What does the author suggest in order to reduce melanoma rates?
A. Staying in the shade whenever possible.
B. Using covering up instead of sunscreen.
C. Using both covering up and sunscreen.
D. Applying the right amount of sunscreen.
4.What is the best title for the text?
A. No Way to Stop Harmful Rays!
B. Does Sunscreen Prevent Skin Cancer?
C. Did You Use Sunscreen In the Right Way?
D. Skin Cancer-The Biggest Threat to Human Beings!
Mark is always engaged in his work. But this time he felt that it was time for him to take part in his community, so he went to the neighborhood meeting after work. The area city council woman was leading a discussion about how the quality of life was on the decline. The neighborhood faced many problems. Mark looked at the charts taped to the walls. There were charts for parking problems, crime, and for problems in empty buildings. Mark read from the charts, “Police patrols cut back, illegal parking up 20%”. People were supposed to suggest solutions to the council woman. It was too much for Mark. “The problems are too big”, he thought. He turned to the man next to him and said, “I think this is a waste of my time. Nothing I can do would make a difference here.”
As he neared the bus stop on his way home, Mark saw a woman carrying a grocery bag, and a baby. As Mark got closer, her other child, a little boy, suddenly ran into the street. The woman tried to reach for him, but as she moved, her bag shifted, and groceries started to fall out. Mark ran to take the boy’s arm and led him back to his mother. “You gotta stay with mom,” he said. Then he picked up the stray groceries while and the woman smiled in relief. “Thanks,” she said, “You’ve got great timing.” “Just being neighborly,” Mark said. As he rode home, he glanced at the walls of bus. On one of them was “Small acts of kindness add up.” Mark smiled and thought, “Maybe that’s a good place to start.”
1.What was being discussed when Mark arrived at the neighborhood meeting?
A. The high price of grocery.
B. The education problem of children.
C. The worsening of quality of life.
D. The housing conditions in the community.
2.What’s Mark’s opinion about the community problems according to the first paragraph?
A. People could solve the problems by themselves.
B. He didn’t have the ability to solve such problems.
C. He didn’t have enough time to solve the problems.
D. People were too selfish to help others solve the problems.
3.What does the underlined words “Small acts of kindness add up” mean in the last paragraph?
A. All small acts will add up to kindness.
B. Everyone should try his best to do good deeds.
C. All small kind acts can make people grow up quickly.
D. Everyone can play his own part to make things better.
4.What can we learn from this passage?
A. Mark always played an active part in community activities.
B. Visual aids were used to display the seriousness of problems.
C. Many people were discouraged by the problems facing them.
D. The city council woman was responsible for the falling of life quality.
Libraries are doing well in the digital times. Here are some of the most awesome examples.
1. Freiburg University Library, Germany
The original library of the Freiburg University was rebuilt in 2015 following the project of Degelo Architects. The new building has 41,000 square meters and looks like a cut diamond. Inside, there are 1,200 workspaces in four reading rooms plus 500 work areas. The library offers in the basement a system of automated checkout machines and 700,000 volumes that can be borrowed.
2. Microlibrary at Taman Bima, Indonesia
This wonderful little public library is located in a Kampung neighborhood near the Bandung airport, Indonesia. The building was designed by the Bandung office of SHAU architect studio. It has 160 square meters and is built upon a preexisting stage that was already used by the local community for events and gatherings. The Bima public library is the first of a series of similar microlibraries that are planned to be built across Indonesia.
3. Public Library of Constitución, Chile
The city in Constitución, Chile, was devastated by 8.8 degrees earthquake in 2010. The new public library, designed by Sebastian Irarrázaval, is a part of the initiative to rebuild the city. Constitución is one of the biggest clusters of wood production in Chile. This heritage is reflected in the construction of this post-disaster library. It’s made almost entirely of wood, and only the firewalls are done with exposed poured concrete. The internal area of the library exceeds 350 square meters. The building was opened in 2015, five years after the earthquake.
4. LiYuan Library, China
Built in 2011 in a small village o Huairou on the outskirts（郊区）of Beijing, this beautiful nature-inspired library was designed by Li Xiaodong. The 175-square-meter building’s interior is spatially diverse by using steps and small level changes to create distinct places. The wooden sticks temper the bright light and spread it evenly throughout the space to give a perfect reading environment. The library closes at dusk because there is no electricity in it.
1.Which of the following libraries is the biggest one?
A. LiYuan Library B. Microlibrary at Taman Bima
C. Freiburg University Library D. Public Library of Constitución
2.If you want to see a library made entirely of wood, you can go to ________.
A. Chile B. China
C. Indonesia D. Germany
3.What is special about LiYuan Library?
A. It opens 24 hours a day. B. It has no electricity supply.
C. It is the biggest library in China. D. It is directly exposed to the sunlight.
假定你是高三学生李华。你作为交换生要到英国学习，你的好友Peter要去机场接你，却因天降大雪，航班取消。请你给Peter写一封电子邮件，要点如下：
1. 说明原因；
2. 另约时间；
3. 表达感谢。
注意：1. 词数100左右；
2. 可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
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假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。
增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（∧），并在其下面写出该加的词。
删除：把多余的词用斜线（\）划掉。
修改：在错词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。
注意：1. 每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；
2. 只允许修改10处，多者（从第11处起）不计分。
On my way home from school last Friday, I saw a little dog looking hopelessly on the sidewalk. I was held it firmly up in my arms, took it home and feed some milk to it. However, my mom was unwilling to keep them, saying there was enough pets for us, two cats and a dog. I begged my mom not to let it go. Finally, we agreed that it would be deciding by my dad, whom didn’t return home from work. Just then the girl and her dad drove near, searching for their lost pets. When they thanked us caring the dog, I felt very happy.
Isn’t it amazing how you never have to water your weeds or nurture (培育) them and they still give you an unwanted crop?
I can remember as a young boy my grandfather showed me how to ____ this annoying weed called Bermuda grass. It was ____ stuff and it would really ____ if you didn’t get it out by the ____.
When my wife and I bought our first home about 8 years ago, what I had to deal with this is this certain part weeds ____ to the Bermuda grass, which would also spread wildly.
After getting the inside of our home ____, it was time to work on the outside. On my hands and knees I ____— attacked the weeds with a small hand spade getting each one ____ by the roots.
Just this Spring I realized that one particular weed was no longer ____ but another one was in full ____. So again, I got down on my hands and knees and got to work ____ them from my yard. When I was ____, my yard was better off.
Sometimes our life can be so similar. We all have weeds in our life. These weeds can be challenges, setbacks, or ____ beliefs, and the list can be ____.
When dealing with these weeds of ____, the ____ is to get to the root of them and remove them one by one out and eventually you will ____ this round. And when another crop of weeds ____, deal with them directly ____ they spread, because now that you know what to do with them by getting to the root of it, it will give you more courage and ____ the next time a problem arises up.
1.A. eat up B. dig up C. break up D. put up
2.A. powerful B. poisonous C. sensitive D. terrible
3.A. spread B. succeed C. withdraw D. compromise
4.A. leaves B. hands C. spades D. roots
5.A. attractive B. similar C. fundamental D. unknown
6.A. counted B. mended C. appreciated D. settled
7.A. energetically B. unsuccessfully C. curiously D. thankfully
8.A. inside B. out C. off D. across
9.A. useful B. dynamic C. different D. common
10.A. force B. length C. detail D. vain
11.A. collecting B. attending C. ridding D. distinguishing
12.A. worn-out B. accustomed C. finished D. introduced
13.A. familiar B. religious C. past D. negative
14.A. reasonable B. endless C. normal D. uncertain
15.A. life B. school C. house D. factory
16.A. progress B. solution C. disadvantage D. permission
17.A. interrupt B. memorize C. conquer D. recognize
18.A. shows up B. shows off C. takes up D. takes
19.A. unless B. even if C. before D. so that
20.A. impression B. motivation C. wisdom D. satisfaction
