Persuasion is to convince someone to agree with you, just like art which also calls for special techniques to accomplish. According to the ancient Greeks, there are three basic tools of persuasion: ethos, pathos and logos.
Ethos is a speaker’s way of convincing the audience that he is trustworthy, honest and reliable. One common way a speaker can develop ethos is by explaining how much experience or education he has in the field. After all, you’re more likely to listen to advice about how to take care of your teeth from a dentist than a fireman.
Pathos is a speaker’s way of connecting with an audience’s emotions. For example, a politician who is trying to convince an audience to vote for him might say that he alone can save the country from a terrible war. These words are intended to fill the audience with fear, thus making them want to vote for him. Similarly, an animal charity might show an audience pictures of injured dogs and cats to make thee viewers feel pity, so they will be more likely to donate money.
Logos is the use of facts, statistics or other evidence to support your argument. An audience will believe you if you have convincing data to back up your claims. Presenting this evidence is much more persuasive than simply saying “believe me”.
Although ethos, pathos and logos all have their strengths, they are often most effective when used together. So, the next time you listen to a speech, watch a commercial or listen to a friend try to convince you to lend him some money, be on the lookout for these ancient Greek tools of persuasion.
1.What is the purpose of persuasion?
A. To advise somebody to support you.
B. To help someone have special skills.
C. To convince somebody to realize his aim.
D. To talk someone into being honest.
2.What is a speaker’s way of convincing the audience to trust him?
A. Pathos. B. Ethos.
C. Logos. D. Education.
3.What do a politician and an animal charity have in common?
A. Both prevent themselves from being hurt.
B. Both save people from terrible wars.
C. Both make the audience support them.
D. Both persuade people to donate money.
4.Which of the following can be the best title for the text?
A. Convince the Audience. B. Three Basic Tools of Persuasion
C. Believe Me. D. Strength of Persuasion
It is that time of year when people need to lock their cars. It’s not because there are a lot of criminals running around stealing cars. Rather, it’s because of the good-hearted neighbors who want to share their harvest. Especially with this year’s large crop, leaving a car unlocked in my neighborhood is an invitation for someone to stuff it full of zucchini（西葫芦）.
My sister-in-law, Sharon, recently had a good year for tomatoes. She and her family had eaten and canned so many that they began to feel their skin turn slightly red. That’s when she decided it was time to share her blessings. She started calling everyone she knew. When that failed, she began to ask everyone in the neighborhood like a politician, eventually finding a neighbor delighted to have the tomatoes. “Feel free to take whatever you want,” Sharon told her. She felt happy that she could help someone and that the food didn’t go to waste.
A few days later, Sharon answered the door. There was the neighbor, holding some bread. The neighbor smiled pleasantly, “I want to thank you for all of the tomatoes, and I have to admit that I took a few other things and hope you wouldn’t mind.”
Sharon couldn’t think of anything else in her garden that had been worth harvesting and said no. “Oh, but you did,” the neighbor said. “You had some of the prettiest zucchini I’ve ever seen.”
Sharon was confused. Zucchini in her garden? They hadn’t even plated any zucchini. But her neighbor insisted that there really were bright-green zucchini in her garden. The two of them walked together into the backyard. When the neighbor pointed at the long green vegetables, Sharon smiled, “Well, actually, those are cucumbers that we never harvested, because they got too big, soft and bitter for eating or canning.”
The neighbor looked at Sharon, shock written all over her face. Then she smiled, and held out the bread that she had shared all over the neighborhood, “I brought you a loaf of cucumber bread. I hope you like it.”
1.Why does the author suggest that people in the neighborhood should lock their cars?
A. They might be stolen by thieves.
B. They night be moved away by the police.
C. Their neighbors might fill them with their harvest.
D. Their neighbors might throw rubbish in them.
2.What does the underlined word “blessings” in the second paragraph mean?
A. tomatoes. B. belongings.
C. helpful things. D. best wishes.
3.What did the neighbor do in Sharon’s garden?
A. She harvest tomatoes only.
B. She harvested zucchini by accident.
C. She took some cucumbers mistakenly.
D. She stole something without Sharon’s permission.
4.We can infer from the article that the neighbors bread would taste ________.
A. bitter but tasty B. strange and bitter
C. hard and sour D. soft and sweet.
The next generation of artificial intelligence (AI) may be sitting right beneath you, at least if furniture maker Ikea has any say in the matter. The Swedish furniture company’s “future-living” research lab in Copenhagen is conducting a survey to understand what people want when it comes to smart furniture.
AI is now walking into more aspects of people’s daily lives. Self-driving cars are just around the corner, and AI robots can play and beat the best players of strategy games. As smart home technologies have become more ubiquitous, products ranging from smart electrical outlets（插座）to smart smoke alarms are flooding the market. Therefore, it’s not surprising that Ikea would be moving in the same direction.
Exactly why people would want their sofa or bed frame to speak to then, track their daily movements or offer help is not yet clear. Though Ikea’s the new survey doesn’t directly answer that question, it does provide a hint of what people would feel comfortable with. Most participants wanted a more human0like form of virtual（虚拟的）assistants, as opposed to one that is more robotic. In terms of the ideal gender（性别）of the assistants, the most popular choice was neither male nor female. Few wanted a religious form of AI.
Just as with human friends, most wanted AI friends that were like them, affirming their own worldview. They wanted an AI assistant that was reasonably intelligent-that could collect data to predict what a person wanted before he or she asked, and that could prevent someone from making mistakes.
This is not the first time that Ikea has set foot in the field or futuristic technologies. In addition to wireless charging tables and chainless bikes that never rust（生锈）, the furniture giant has also pictured smart kitchens that can cook the best meal. To decide on how intelligent you want your next sofa or bookshelf to be, you can take Ikea’s survey online.
1.What does the underlined word “ubiquitous” in Paragraph 2 mean?
A. Beautiful. B. Common.
C. Normal. D. Environment.
2.What does Paragraph 3 mainly talk about?
A. The differences between robot-like and human-like assistants.
B. What form of AI assistants people want.
C. What kind of friends people want.
D. The popular robots on the market.
3.Most people who received the survey wanted an AI assistant that could ________.
A. help them became smarter
B. communicate with them without troubles
C. have its own worldview
D. deal with their problems in advance
4.Which of the following products are from Ikea?
A. Smart sofas that can speak to you.
B. Smart beds than can track your daily movements.
C. Wireless charging cars.
D. Rustless bikes without chains.
You may be familiar with the following famous people, but have you heard of their graduation speeches, in which they either share their unforgotten experiences or give you some great inspiration.
Michael Dell, University of Texas at Austin
And now you’ve accomplished something great and important here, and it’s time for you to move on to what’s next. And you must not let anything prevent you from taking those first steps. … You must also commit to the adventure. Just have faith in the skills and the knowledge you’ve been blessed（赐予）with and go.
J.K. Rowling, Harvard University
Half my lifetime ago, I was striking an uneasy balance between my ambition and the expectation from my parents who were not rich…But what I feared most of myself at your age was not poverty, but failure. The fact that you are graduating from Harvard suggests that you know little about failure, you might be driven by a fear of failure quite as much as a desire for success.
Steve Jobs, Stanford University
Sometimes life’s going to hit you in the head with a brick. Don’t lose faith…Your work is going to fill a large part of your life, and the only way to be truly satisfied is to do what you believe is great work, and the only way to do great work is to love what you do. If you haven’t found it yet, keep looking and don’t settle.
Bill Gates, Harvard University
We need as many people as possible to have access to the advanced technology to lead to a revolution in what human beings can do for one another. They are making it possible not just for national governments, but for universities, smaller organizations, and even individuals to see problems, see approaches and deal with the world’s inequities（不公平）like hunger, poverty, and so on.
1.What Michael Dell said is to urge us to ________.
A. listen to our heart B. learn from our mistakes
C. follow others’ example D. pursue our dreams
2.What did J.K. Rowling fear most when she was studying in university?
A. Failure. B. Hunger.
C. Poverty. D. Appearance.
3.What does Bill Gates suggest people do?
A. Master as much advanced technology as possible.
B. Work together to rid some global problems.
C. Make contributions to the environment.
D. Take responsibility for their own behavior.
假如你是李华，你的表姐韩梅梅即将在60天后参加高考。请在考前给她写一封信，给予建议和鼓励。
内容包括：1. 继续坚持努力学习
2.调整心态：锻炼身体；
3.其他
注意：1. 词数100左右；
2. 可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；
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文中共有10处错误，每句中最多有两处。错误涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。
增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（^），并在其下面写出该加的词。
刪除：把多余的词用斜线（\）划掉。
修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。
注意：1. 每处错误及其修改均仅限一词
2. 只允许修改10处，多者（从第11处起）不计分。
One afternoon in February, my classmates and I was on the way to the cinema. Suddenly an old woman falls down heavily due to the ground covering with thick ice. Seeing what had happened. We dialed 120 without a second thought. On such cold weather, we stayed with her until the ambulance came to scene. And then they left for the cinema. Although we were later for the film, we all thought it was worthwhile. After all, help people in need is a good way to obtain joy and happy. Now we all remember the day which we spent it together.
