Question

Getting your children to stop lying is challenging. There are many influences (TV, movies, video games and some great books) in which lies are common. Children see parents lie to others, if only to be polite. Most parents add to that with tales about the lives and activities of Santa Claus or the Tooth Fairy, or to allay fears. (“This will not hurt!”) Parents do this out of love, but for some children, lying can become a problem. The most common reactions to children who lie are explaining why it is wrong and punishment. But as ways of changing behavior, these are ineffective.

However, what counts is to praise. You could ask your child to say something that happened at school that is true. It is not critical what that is. This is about practice. When your child complies, praise him enthusiastically. Be specific: “That was great! You told me what happened just like I asked. Wow!” and give your child a hug or a high five. If your child says something true in the course of her day, praise that behavior too. Aim for one or two interactions like this a day. If you happen to “catch” your child in a lie, be matter-of-fact in your disapproval. Say something like, “That is not true and could get you in trouble outside of the hoe; it is better to say the truth.”

Besides, you should set a good example to your kids and tell the truth explicitly. This could be about something that happened when you were a child or something that happened during the day. It need not be dramatic. Another option is to play a game at dinner. Each person tells one thing that was true that day. Again, give a little praise to the child who normally lies if she plays along.

In most instances, children are unlikely to change behavior or develop the conduct you want. That does not mean ignoring, lying or letting it go. Rather, use very mild punishment (light reprimand, short loss of privilege, a brief time-out). More severe, harsh or enduring punishments (shouting, taking away something for a week, hitting) are not more effective in actually changing the frequency of lying.

Try these procedures for two to three weeks and see where you are. Usually they can be dropped by then. It is unlikely that lying will be completely removed, but with the right encouragement, it can be dramatically lessened.

1.Which punishment is relatively ineffective?

A. A brief time-out.

B. Light reprimand.

C. Short loss of privilege.

D. Taking away something for a week.

2.What can we conclude from the passage?

A. Parents can tell lies sometimes.

B. Lying will disappear thoroughly.

C. Punishment can change behaviors.

D. Praising your kids a lot is beneficial.

3.Which of the following could serve as the best title?

A. Is Lying a Problem?

B. Can Kids Stop Lying?

C. What Can You Do When Kids Tell lies?

D. How Can You Punish Your Kids for Lying?

4.Which best shows the structure of the text?

A.     B.

C.     D.

Answer

1.D

2.A

3.C

4.B

【解析】让你的孩子不再说谎，也许是一件很有挑战性的事情。通过此文，我们可以学习到，孩子说谎我们应该做些什么。

1.细节理解题。根据文章倒数第二段More severe, harsh or enduring punishments (shouting, taking away something for a week, hitting) are not more effective in actually changing the frequency of lying.可知，大叫、把东西拿走一个星期和打等严厉的惩罚相对是无效的。故选D。

2.推理判断题。根据文章第一段Children see parents lie to others, if only to be polite. Most parents add to that with tales about the lives and activities of Santa Claus or the Tooth Fairy, or to allay fears. (“This will not hurt!”) Parents do this out of love, but for some children, lying can become a problem.可知，父母说谎往往是出于礼貌或爱。从而可以推断出，父母有时候可以说谎。故选A。

3.主旨大意题。根据文章大意：让你的孩子不再说谎，也许是一件很有挑战性的事情。通过此文，我们可以学习到，孩子说谎我们应该做些什么。可知选C。

4.篇章结构题。第一段是中心段，第二至四段分别讲让孩子停止说谎的方法，第五段是总结。故选B。

【名师点睛】

考查组织结构的文章通常行文组织结构都比较清晰、规范，因此,具备文体、写作方式和文章组织结构方面相关知识对于有效解答此类题目具有至关重要的作用。

1、记叙文可以采取以时间为序、以地点为序、以故事情节发展为序（开端、发展、高潮、结局）等叙事方式进行写作。以故事情节为序又可以不按照时间的先后顺序叙述，比如，先写结局，再写其他，最后写高潮，这种叙事手法叫做倒叙。

2、议论文总体上可以分为四类：

第一类，“提出论点——分论点一——分论点二——分论点三……——结论”；

第二类，“引入段——导出论点——分点论述——结论”；

第三类，“提出问题——分析问题——解决问题”；

第四类，“提出反面观点——批驳反面观点——提出正面观点”。

3、说明文往往采取下定义、举例子、列数字、对比或比较等说明方式进行写作，而这些说明方式都是为了使文章要说明的内容或问题更加清晰明了、真实可信，或者更具说服力。