People with an impulsive personality refer to those who tend to do things without considering the possible dangers or problems first. According to a new study by researchers at the University of Georgia, such people may be more likely to have food addiction. The study found that people exhibiting impulsive behavior weren’t necessarily overweight, but impulsiveness was related to a direct relationship with food, and therefore, less healthy weight.
Food addiction has been compared to addictive drug use. Studies have linked the dopamine (多巴胺) release that occurs after tasting delicious food to the dopamine release that happens when people consume other addictive substances.
Impulsive behavior involves several personality traits (特点). Two of these traits, known as negative urgency and lack of perseverance, were particularly associated with food addiction and high BMI (身体质量指数) during the study.
Negative urgency is characterized by the tendency to behave impulsively when experiencing negative emotions. Some people might drink alcohol or take drugs. For others, it could mean eating to feel better. Lack of perseverance is when a person has a hard time finishing hard or boring tasks. People with a lack of perseverance might have difficulty attempting to change addictive eating behavior, which could also cause obesity.
“Impulsiveness might be one reason why some people eat in an addictive way despite motivation to lose weight,” said Dr. Ashley Gearhardt, a clinical psychologist. He was involved in developing the Yale Food Addiction Scale in aid of those people. “We are theorizing that if food addiction is really a thing, then our measure, the Yale Food Addiction Scale, should be related to helping control impulsive action,” said Gearhardt.
Clinical psychologist Dr. James MacKillop, whose lab was conducting the study, believes that therapies used to treat addictive drug behavior could help people who suffer from addictive eating habits.
“Most of the programs for weight loss at this point focus on the most obvious things, which are clearly diet and exercise,” MacKillop said. “It seems that managing strong desires to eat would naturally fit in with the skills a person would need to eat healthily.”
1.According to Paragraph 1, the result of food addiction is ________.
A. less healthy weight
B. motivation to lose weight
C. negative emotions
D. taking alcohol or drugs
2.How does the author introduce the two personality traits in Paragraph 4?
A. By making comparisons and conclusions.
B. By explaining causes and effects.
C. By presenting questions and answers.
D. By giving definitions and examples.
3.What can be inferred about the Yale Food Addiction Scale from the text?
A. It has been successfully carried out among overweight people.
B. It might help some impulsive people with food addiction to lose weight.
C. It will prove whether food addiction is a problem to impulsive people.
D. It is theoretically a proper treatment for addictive food and drug behavior.
4.Which of the following can be the best title for the text?
A. Dopamine release caused by food addiction
B. Food addiction compared to drug use
C. Impulsive personality linked to food addition
D. Food addiction contributing to obesity
If you frequently travel for business, Stay bridge Suites offer you a range of home comforts. Four recent visitors to Staybridge Suites explain why they booked, what they enjoyed and what made them want to return.
Claire Metcalf
“The concept is great, but the staff are the ones who really make it. ”she says. “It takes a lot of discipline to always be friendly, but the staff at Staybridge Suites do that. They genuinely care about you.”
Andrew Roberts
“One of the best things is having my own kitchen. I often end up working late and I don’t fancy eating in a restaurant on my own, so cooking for myself is a big drawcard. ”
“The main thing for me is being able to cook and have my own little flat. The staff are amazing. It is great to be recognized by them, ”he says.
Pauline Robinson
“What I love about it is the way that you are treated by the staff,” she says. “Some of the staff have been there all that time and they do look after you well. As a woman staying on my own, it is reassuring that they look out for you, and recently when I was poorly they even brought things I needed to my room. ”
Ryan Ruckledge
“The fully-equipped kitchen is great. I always have a one-bed apartment so I have a separate kitchen and dining room and I’m able to relax and cook some meals. Eating out can feel a bit much when you do it day in and day out—it makes you hate what you do—and I don’t want that.
1.What attracts visitors to Staybridge Suites?
A. A separate dining room. B. A one—bed apartment.
C. A home from home. D. A lot of discipline.
2.Who think highly of the kitchen of Staybridge Suites?
A. Pauline Robinson and Ryan Ruckledge.
B. Ryan Ruckledge and Claire Metcalf.
C. Andrew Roberts and Ryan Ruckledge.
D. Pauline Robinson and Claire Metcalf.
3.What does the underlined word “drawcard” in Paragraph 3 probably mean?
A. barrier. B. attraction.
C. honour. D. difficulty.
4.Why does the author write the article?
A. To advertise Staybridge Suites.
B. To introduce four recent visitors.
C. To inform us of a new service.
D. To sing high praise for the staff.
听下面一段独白，回答以下小题。
1.What is the first prize?
A. A two-week holiday. B. A 500-pound camera. C. Two plane tickets to Jamaica.
2.When will the result of the competition come out?
A. On August25. B. On August 31. C. On September 15.
3.What requirement do the photos need to meet?
A. They must be in black and white. B. They must be taken by kids over 18.
C. They must have been taken on holiday.
4.What does the speaker remind the competitors to do?
A. Write their information on the back of the photos.
B. Take part in next month's super sports competition.
C. Get their photos back after the competition.
听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。
1.How many persons will share the house?
A. Two. B. Three. C. Four.
2.Which year of university is the woman in now?
A. The first year. B. The second year. C. The third year.
3.Why doesn't the woman like the second house?
A. It is too expensive . B. It is not big enough . C. It is not near the university.
4.What do we know about the last house?
A. It has a big garden. B. It is well furnished. C. The price is attractive.
听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。
1.Which team does the man cheer for now?
A. Seattle. B. New York. C. Los Angeles.
2.What did the woman think the man liked?
A. Football. B. Gardening . C. Painting.
3.When do the two speakers plan to go bungee jumping on Saturday?
A. At 9:00am. B. At 12:00 noon. C. At 2:00 pm.
听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。
1.What is one thing the man is not going to pack for the trip?
A. A sweater. B. A coat. C. A jacket.
2.Which occasion will the man take part in definitely?
A. A party. B. A date. C. A wedding.
